• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-133
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to find out whether children's self-efficacy can be improved by sensory activities devised to encourage spirituality. The survey involved 36 children aged 4 to 5. To measure the subjects' self-efficacy, Jeon Inok(1996)'s tool was used. The 18 members of the experimental group attended a program which was dedicated to promoting spirituality by using sensory activities. The program was administered three times a week for four weeks, totaling 12 sessions, each of which contained a type of activity and lasted about fifty minutes. To the 18 members of the control group, the standard child care curriculum was applied. The levels of the subjects' self-efficacy were measured twice, both in the same way, before and after the children participated in the program. The finding reveals that the program which was designed to boost children's spirituality through sensory activities has positive effect on children's self-efficiency - cognitively, socially, emotionally, and physically. The self-efficiency level in the experimental group significantly increased by t=7.17(df=34, p<.001) compared to the control group. So, it can be said that the program dedicated to improving spirituality using sensory activities is more effective than the standard child care curriculum.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.545-552
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a spiritual care training package in maternal caregivers of children with cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design consisting of a sample of 42 mothers of children diagnosed as having cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The training package consisted of seven group training sessions offered in a children's hospital in Tehran. All mothers completed the Spirituality & Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) at pre and post test and after a three month follow up. Results: There was significant difference between anxiety and spiritual, religious, Personalized care and total scores spiritual care between the intervention and control groups at follow-up (P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in stress and depression scores between the intervention and the control groups at follow-up. Conclusions: Findings show that spiritual care training program promotes spirituality, personalized care, religiosity and spiritual care as well as decreasing anxiety in mothers of children with cancer and decreases anxiety. It may be concluded that spiritual care training could be used effectively in reducing distressful spiritual challenges in mothers of children with cancer.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.27-49
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the alternative possibility of Christian children's education overcoming the current church school paradigm namely schooling system by examining the characteristics and the direction of children's spiritual education. Research content and method: This paper is a review of the characteristics of children's spiritual education and ways to embody those characteristics. Therefore, it consists of two parts: the characteristics of children's spiritual education and the search for ways to embody those characteristics. First, children's spiritual education is a "formative" model that aims to form children's spirituality based on children's spirituality research that views children as 'spiritual beings.' This model specifically has three core orientations: 'experience', 'meeting God', and 'immersion'. In other words, children's spiritual education pursues 'experience rather than knowledge', pursues the experience of meeting God in the second person rather than teaching third-person knowledge about God, and values the spiritual moment of immersion more than anything else. Second, it searches for specific ways and methods through which those three core goals could be implemented, and found that they were 'sense,' 'liturgy,' and 'story.' The sense becomes a path that evokes experience, the liturgy becomes a place for 'meeting God,' and 'story' becomes a key path to 'immersion.' And when the three are organically combined with each other, the goals pursued by children's spiritual education can be holistically converged. Conclusions and Suggestions: Through these considerations, it found that the core values and direction of education are consistently maintained in children's spiritual education, from children's understanding to education methods. It also figured out that the direction should be shared not only by children's spiritual education but also by all who pursue holistic faith education: 'what to experience' rather than 'what to teach', 'liturgy' rather than 'teaching', 'story' rather than 'explanation', and 'sensory' experiences rather than 'abstract' knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.17-45
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a young children's happiness program in relation with the Nuri curriculum on young children's happiness and self-esteem. Study subjects included 37 children aged 5 (experimental group 20, comparative group 17) enrolled in A day care center and D day care center located in K district, Seoul. As for the research procedure, an experiment was conducted 48 times in 18 weeks, and the experimental group carried out the children's happiness program linked with the Nuri curriculum. In contrast, the comparative group conducted general activities focusing on the subjects according to the Nuri curriculum. Study results show that there was a significant difference amongst 9 sub-domains related to young children's happiness (health, emotion, immersion, recognition and achievement, parent-child relationship, teacher-child relationship, peer relationship, spirituality, life satisfaction) and 3 sub-domains related to self-esteem (start and spirit of independence, sociality emotionality, academic achievement). Results of this study prove that the children's happiness program in relation with the Nuri curriculum is effective for increasing young children's happiness and self-esteem, and could be used as preliminary data for the possibility of a happiness program in early childhood education settings and happiness education in the future.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-214
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the quality of working life of cancer survivors (QWL-CS) after return to the workplace. Methods: Data were collected from 154 cancer survivors from May 16 to June 23, 2018. Participants were selected as candidates from two different hospitals in the metropolitan area and snowball sampling was used in parallel. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: Mean score of QWL-CS was $4.39{\pm}0.59$. QWL-CS was negatively correlated with fatigue, and job stress: however, it was positively correlated with workplace spirituality. The factor that had the greatest influence on the QWL-CS was job stress (${\beta}=-.36$, p<.001), followed by fatigue (${\beta}=-.35$, p<.001), workplace spirituality (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001), number of currently cancer treatment (${\beta}=-.15$, p=.009), and number of children (${\beta}=.12$, p=.031). The explanatory power of models was 54%. Conclusion: Effective and practical intervention programs for increasing the quality of working life are required to be provided to cancer survivors after return to the workplace in accordance with job stress, fatigue, workplace spirituality, and general characteristics of cancer survivors such as number of currently cancer treatments and number of children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1077-1093
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• 2010

This study aims to examine the effects of health status on life satisfaction and depression and to examine the effect of spirituality and religious involvement on this relationship among Korean older persons. On the basis of the previous literature, we hypothesize that health status will have a direct effect on life satisfaction and depression, but that spirituality and religious involvement will moderate this effect in addition to having direct effects on life satisfaction and depression. In light of the different gender effects on all five variables (health status, spirituality, religious involvement, life satisfaction, and depression), we also examine the effects of gender on these variables. The data for this study came from the Hallym Aging Study conducted by the Hallym University Institute of Aging from February to March in 2005. Through stratified multi-stage random sampling, 1409 individuals aged 65 and over, who lived in Seoul and Chuncheon in Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate whether health status, gender, spirituality and religious involvement could predict life satisfaction and depression, and whether the direct relationships were moderated by interactions among these variables. We took three ordered regression steps to examine the hypothesis; the first step contained the covariates of age, education, living with spouse, monthly expense, living with adult children, and household income. We also entered gender into this step, so it would be adjusted for in relation to the other covariates. The second step then looked for any direct effects that gender, health status, spirituality, and religious involvement might have on life satisfaction and depression above and beyond the effects of the covariates. The third step contained interaction terms to look for further variance accounted for by indirect, moderating effects on life satisfaction and depression. The results showed that health status had a significant effect on both life satisfaction and depression, and religious involvement had a significant effect on depression. Spirituality and religious involvement were found overall to be a moderator, reducing the negative effect of health status on life satisfaction and depression. The direct effect of religious involvement and the moderating effects of spirituality and religious involvement on life satisfaction and depression are consistent with the view that spirituality and religion are resources and benefit the well-being of older adults.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore operational definitions and moderators of the resilience of adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) and its associated variables. Methods: This integrative review was conducted based on a literature review method suggested by Whittemore and Knafl. Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and RISS were searched using the combinations of search terms such as; 'adult children of alcoholics,' 'parental alcoholism,' 'resilience,' and 'children of alcoholics.' Results: Seventeen studies were selected for this review. Findings of integrative reviews reported operational definitions for the resilience of ACOA and moderators. The operational definition of ACOA's resilience is: (1) having no behavioral and emotional problem, (2) meeting social and developmental expectancies, (3) having the ability to cope with adversity, (4) having high self-concept, and (5) having a meaningful relationship. In addition, the varying environmental moderators include family communication, qualities of caring environment, parental communication, parentification, and social support. Several moderators were identified as positive effect, self-esteem, alcohol-specific coping style, locus of control, spirituality, the image of God, and dyadic cohesion in marital communication. Conclusion: Our study findings emphasize comprehensive understanding of diverse definition of resilience and moderators in developing nursing interventions to promote resilience in ACOA.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, especially education and employment, and parenting stress on the child's self-concept. Attention was also paid to the mediating impact of parenting style on the relationship between the maternal variables and a child's self-concept. Methods : A questionnaire and three scales were completed by fifth graders and their mothers, and 270 sets of paired data were analyzed. Results : The results showed that mothers with higher education experienced less child-related parenting stress, were perceived to be more achievement-oriented and rational by their children, and also had children with more positive self-concept. The relationship between maternal education and child's self-concept was mediated by the rationality dimension of parenting style. Maternal employment was not related to parenting stress, parenting style and most aspects of the child's self-concept. Lastly, child-related parenting stress had a negative effect on the child's self-concept, and this effect was mediated by the warmth and rationality dimensions of parenting style. Conclusion : Parenting style had a mediating effect on the relationships between the child's self-concept and maternal education and child-related parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a maternal happiness scale which can be used for mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. First, the maternal happiness scale was developed based on literature review and the consent of experts. Finally it was consisted of 56 items from 18 elements of happiness through checking the contents validity with professionals. Second, final respondents for the survey were 1300 mothers who had children with and without disabilities in Seoul, Busan, Gyeonggi, and Kyungnam. Third, the 8 factors including the 53 items were extracted through the mothers' appraisal of the items and the review of the adequacy for the factor analysis. The 8 factors were consisted with 'Family relations with family', 'Laid-back life and self-esteem', 'Physical and mental health', 'Independency and development', 'Spirituality', 'Interpersonal relations', 'Appearance', 'Sociocultual environment'. Fourth, the maternal happiness scale demonstrated appropriate levels of construct validity, item internal consistency, distribution of item response, and item discrimination. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the core factors of maternal happiness. In addition, the findings have implications for supporting mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.127-137
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• 2006

The goal of this study is twofold: (1) to identify how well the predictors of family resilience using selected ENRICH subscales measure couple resilience of spouse abusing couples; (2) to verify how predictors of family resilience differentiate abusive partners from non-abusive partners through discriminant analysis. The results show that nonviolent couples have significantly higher scores of family resilience factors than violence experienced couples. The accuracy of discriminant analysis was as high as 85.7% for non-violent couples and 85.4% for violence experienced couples. Whereas collaborative problem solving and couple's flexibility had the highest discriminant power, socioeconomic resources and transcendence and spirituality had little contributed. In addition, this study shows that predictors of family resilience have high discriminant power for distinguishing violent groups from non-violent groups. The results of this study can be clinically utilized in identifying violent groups and designing couple education programs. Based on these results, the recommendations for the future research in this area were discussed.