• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2004

Purpose. This study was conducted to compare the paternal rearing behavior and rearing stress level between fathers with a preschooler and fathers with school children so that it can be utilized as a basic source for developing parental rearing education programs. Methods. A descriptive comparative methods was conducted to identify the paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress. Respondents were 361 fathers who had either preschoolers (n=189) or children of elementary age (n=l72). Results. Comparing the two group's means, the rearing activity score and rearing stress there were significant differences. In the school children's group's father, 'outdoor activity' and 'guidance on discipline activity' were significantly higher than the other group. In the preschool children's fathers group, 'play interaction activity' was statistically significant higher than the other, and the child-part mean score of paternal rearing stress was significantly higher than the other group. The correlation between paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress, it can be shown that more paternal rearing behavior means less paternal rearing stress. Conclusion. These results of this study will help design rearing program for fathers that have either preschool children or school children by providing the basic data for paternal rearing behaviors and paternal rearing stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to find the effect of Oriental medicine music therapy (OMMT) on elementary school children's concentration. Methods & Results: OMMT as a study tool has several programs, including playing the musical instruments and listening to the music. The measurement tools of the study were Harris & Harris' grid and visual analogue scale (VAS) for overall condition. As a result, the score of Harris & Harris' grid increased from $12.94{\pm}8.20$ to $15.24{\pm}8.74$ (P=0.032) and VAS for overall condition increased from $74.85{\pm}27.37$ to $92.35{\pm}24.10$ (P=0.002) Conclusions: This case series showed that OMMT might be an effective treatment to improve elementary school children's concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.151-152
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• 2024

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area in 2020 has caused difficulties in the daily life and hospital care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We detected an increase in blood sugar levels in these children and the number of patients hospitalized with more severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) compared to those before COVID-19. Methods: This single-center study was conducted at Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital. The following patient groups were included; 45 returning patients diagnosed with T1DM and undergoing insulin treatment for more than 2 years and 20 patients newly diagnosed with T1DM before and after COVID-19 were selected by age matching. Returning patients before and after the outbreak were selected, and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were retrospectively reviewed. The HbA1c levels and severity of symptoms in newly diagnosed patients during hospitalization were examined. Results: HbA1c levels in returning patients with T1DM were significantly increased after COVID-19 (before, 7.70%±1.38% vs. after, 8.30%±2.05%; p=0.012). There were 10 and 10 newly diagnosed patients before and after COVID-19, respectively. The proportion of patients with drowsiness and dyspnea at the time of admission was higher after COVID-19 than before (before, 2 of 10 vs. after, 4 of 10). The HbA1c levels were higher in newly diagnosed patients hospitalized after COVID-19 than before (before, 11.15% vs. after, 13.60%; p=0.036). Conclusion: Due to COVID-19 in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area, there was an increase in blood glucose levels in children with T1DM and in the incidence of severe DKA in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the etiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in Korean children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Clinical information of children admitted with CAP to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) between January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022, was retrospectively collected and analyzed. In addition, the etiologic diagnosis and demographic data of children with CAP who were discharged at the other seven hospitals between January and February 2022 were collected. Pneumonia was diagnosed using strict criteria comprising clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and chest radiographic findings. Results: Among 91 children hospitalized with CAP at SNUCH during the 14-month period, 68.4% were aged <5 years and 79.1% had underlying diseases. Among the 95 CAP cases, respiratory assistance was required in 70.5%, and the use of a ventilator was required in 20.0%. A total of five patients expired, all of whom were either immunocompromised or had underlying neurological diseases. Neurological diseases and immunosuppression were significantly correlated with respiratory assistance (P=0.003) and death (P=0.014). A total of 55% of the detected respiratory pathogens were viruses, the most common of which was rhinovirus at 35.9%. Among the 169 children hospitalized for CAP at the eight institutions, ≥1 respiratory virus was detected in 92.3%, among which respiratory syncytial virus (79.8%) was the most prevalent. Conclusions: Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children were hospitalized with CAP caused by seasonal respiratory viral pathogens. Although atypical and pyogenic bacteria were not detected, continuous clinical monitoring and further prospective studies should be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2004

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of flat foot in the 1st grade primary school children in the Kang-Dong Gu, Seoul, Korea. Materials and Methods: We examined 1336 8 year old the first grade children (2672 feet) in primary school at 5 primary school for prevalence of flat foot and the associating factors in Kang-Dong Gu in April 2003. The group was examined with 2 mm-pannel in physical examination at erect position to put diagnosis of flat foot which showed no plantar arch. The height, weight, foot length and foot width were estimated in all children. We used obesity grading system of Korean Pediatric Association for overweight evaluation. Results: We enrolled 728 boys and 608 girls, and prevalences of each gender were 20.8% and 14.9%. The children who had flat foot were 243 and the prevalence of flat foot was 18.2%. The foot length ranges between 152 mm and 300 mm (mean value 183.6 mm, SD 10.6), and the foot width were between 50 mm and 107 mm (mean value 2.16 mm, SD 4.8). Of the 1336 children group, 1215 children (90.0%) were in range of normal weight, 72 children (5.4%) were in grade-1 overweight, 38 (2.8%) were in grade-2 overweigh and, 11 (0.8%) were in grade-3 overweight. The prevalence of flat foot of each overweight group were 16.3%, 34.7%, 39.5% and 45.5%. Overweight in children effected increased prevalence of flat foot. But there were no significant relationship with flat foot in other factors. Conclusion: Over all prevalence of flat foot of 8 year old children was 18.2% and most of patients were flexible flat foot. The prevalence of flat foot was influenced by overweight remarkably.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the differential clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics between patients with cervical lymphadenitis as first presentation of Kawasaki disease (CLKD) and those with acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis (AUCL). Methods: We surveyed 372 patients who visited Pusan National University Children's Hospital because of fever and cervical lymph node enlargement, and underwent neck computed tomography (CT) from January 2010 to December 2014. We compared 28 confirmed cases of Kawasaki disease and 28 cases of AUCL based on a retrospective review of the medical records of the patients. Results: Patients with CLKD and AUCL showed no differential clinical characteristics in terms of the duration of fever, antibiotic use, or the size of lymph nodes. Patients with CLKD had higher white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels (P<0.05) than those of patients with AUCL. The presence of retropharyngeal edema on neck CT was similar between the groups (64% vs. 33%, P=0.686). Conclusions: CLKD and AUCL showed no differentiating clinical and radiological characteristics; hence, Kawasaki disease should be the presumptive diagnosis in patients with fever and cervical lymph node enlargements who fail to respond to antibiotic treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous stresses that can result in DNA damage. In response, they have evolved complex pathways to maintain genomic integrity. RUNX family transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 in mammals) are master regulators of development and differentiation, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. A growing body of research also implicates RUNX proteins as regulators of the DNA damage response, often acting in conjunction with the p53 and Fanconi anemia pathways. In this review, we discuss the functional role and mechanisms involved in RUNX factor mediated response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses. We highlight the impact of these new findings on our understanding of cancer predisposition associated with RUNX factor dysregulation and their implications for designing novel approaches to prevent cancer formation in affected individuals.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.341-345
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• 2016

Purpose: Venous angioma (VA) is the most common congenital abnormality of the intracranial vasculature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VA and epilepsy and to identify the characteristics of children with VA and epilepsy. Methods: The records of all patients aged less than 18 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Pusan National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated VA and patients with normal MRI were compared in terms of the prevalence of epilepsy. Results: In total, 2,385 pediatric patients who underwent brain MRI were enrolled. Isolated VA was identified in 26 patients (VA group). Among the patients with normal MRI findings, 225 age- and sexmatched patients to the VA-group were assigned to the control group. Nine patients in the VA group (9 of 26, 34.6%) and 27 patients in the control group (26 of 225, 11.5%; P<0.001) had epilepsy. In the VA group, 20 patients (76.9%) had the VA in the cerebral hemispheres, and 6 patients (23.1%) had the VA in the brainstem and cerebellum. The latter showed a higher prevalence of epilepsy (5 of 6, 83.3%) than the former (4 of 20, 20.0%; P=0.004). Among the nine patients who had epilepsy with VA, patients whose VA involved the brainstem and cerebellum showed a significantly higher frequency of abnormal Electroencephalographic findings than patients whose VA involved the cerebral hemispheres (P=0.016). Conclusion: VA, especially in the brainstem and cerebellum, might be associated with epilepsy.