• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

Purpose: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been a useful tool for novel gene discovery of various disease categories, further increasing the diagnostic yield. This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of WES prospectively in undiagnosed genetic diseases. Materials and Methods: WES tests were performed on 110 patients (age range, 0-28 years) with suspected rare genetic diseases. WES tests were performed at a single reference laboratory and the variants reported were reviewed by clinical geneticists, pediatricians, neurologists, and laboratory physicians. Results: The patients' symptoms varied with abnormalities in the head or neck, including facial dysmorphism, being the most common, identified in 85.4% of patients, followed by abnormalities in the nervous system (83.6%). The average number of systems manifesting phenotypic abnormalities per patient was 3.9±1.7. The age at presentation was 2.1±2.7 years old (range, 0-15 years), and the age at WES testing was 6.7±5.3 years (range, 0-28 years). In total, WES test reported 100 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants or variants of uncertain significance for 79 out of 110 probands (71.8%). Of the 79 patients with positive or inconclusive calls, 55 (50.0%) patients were determined to have good genotype-phenotype correlations after careful review. Further clinical reassessment and family member testing determined 45 (40.9%) patients to have been identified with a molecular diagnosis. Conclusion: This study showed a 40.9% diagnostic yield for WES test for a heterogeneous patient cohort with suspected rare genetic diseases. WES could be the feasible genetic test modality to overcome the diversity and complexity of rare disease diagnostics.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of a space maintainer affects the accuracy of an intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: The maxillary primary first molar typodont tooth was removed from the primary dentition typodont model and a band and loop type space maintainer was delivered. After the model was connected to a dental phantom, intraoral scan was performed using TRIOS 4 (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). The scan was repeated with the same technique without the space maintainer. Each scan was performed 10 times. All scan files into a GOM inspect 2018 software and evaluated the accuracy. The accuracy was evaluated on trueness and precision, and calculated using the root mean square value. Result: When there was a space maintainer in the oral cavity, the trueness value was 0.10±0.02 mm and the precision value was 0.15±0.03 mm. In the absence of the space maintainer, the trueness value was 0.12±0.03 mm and the precision value was 0.16±0.04 mm. There were no significant differences depending on the presence of a space maintainer (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the accuracy of the intraoral scanner was not influenced by the presence of space maintainer.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 2023

This research aimed to be provided as fundamental data for a method to equip people with positive values after identifying factors which can affect unmarried women's views on marriage. Data were collected from 508 subjects who were unmarried women in Chungbuk province, and were analysed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The study materials were selected using structured questionnaire from May to August of 2022. It turned out that responses of unmarried women were 2.95 on the view of marriage, 1.75 on the view of gender role, and 2.85 on awareness of work and family balance. The factors which affected the view of marriage were both the view of child and the view of gender role. These variables have 46% of influence to explain view of marriage. Based on this study, it can be utilized as basis sources to find out methods to enhance positive values on the view of marriage.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.49
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• pp.161-185
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• 2012

This thesis reorganized the life of Mrs. Yun who was a noble woman in the middle of the Joseon period with main material of Seopo, Kim, Man Joong(1637-1692)'s "Seonbijungkyungbuinhaengjang(先?貞敬夫人行狀)" and considered yeosa(女師)'s image of noble woman embodied by her son. Although women who were remarkable in premodern period nurtured their son well and they became excellent, it's easy that the life of their mother can be hidden by sons' shadow. Luckily, materials of Mrs. Yun were kept by her descendants, so people could analogize how she could endure difficulties and how she educate her children. In a word, the life of Mrs. Yun can be yeosa(女師)'s life. She was born as a only daughter of the best ancestry in the period and grown to be a considerable woman with strong will and discipline under the strict training of her grandmother, Junghye Ongju. And then, she married Gwangsan Kimmun, the best literature house of Joseon period, but her husband, Kim, Ik Kyum was died by unexampled difficulty, Byungjahoran. During the tribulation, Mrs. Yun was in charge of not only parents supporting but also two sons' education excellently. She educated not only her children but also grandchildren and nephews around her, so she had extraordinary passion and sincerity for the education. As the result, she enjoyed a glory that two sons and grandchildren became on daejehak. Mrs. Yun was living with thrift and saving continuously regardless of her circumstances. When her granddaughter became inkyungwanghoo who is a wife of sookjong, she didn't kick her common habit and trained strictly the mind of family members who could be easily in disorder. In spite of the richness, he obeyed manners and showed thrift and saving continuously and thoroughly. When there was a crisis in her family, the first son, Kim, Man Ki was died and the second son, Kim, Man Joong and grandson went into exile during the continuous political upheaval. But, she supported her house, obeyed the rules and promised the future. At that time, she continuously encouraged grandchildren and the eldest grandsons of the head family to study without any stop for themselves in spite of the difficulties. Mrs. Yun pursued truly valuable life. She considered that the life which didn't get praised by other people wasn't valid although he or she lived a pleasant life in luck and richness. Mrs. Yun was a true teacher yeosa (女師) who placed a true value on the life enduring hardship and poorness without fear and becoming an example of other people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.14
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• pp.145-165
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• 1990

This study examine closely conditions of costume between the Modernized period and Liberation with newspaper materials. Because newspaper generally appear society conditions in those days on rapid and across-the boad basis. The Modernized period is extremely change among history of costum (ordinance prohibiting top knots, allowance of foreign clothes putting on). Because this change have been spontaneously not by internal desired but Western input by the strong nation of imperialism to enclose Chosun, they was accepted by the general public later under the rule of Japaneses Imperialism. Consequently, study of costume play an important part periods between the Japanese annexation of Korea and Liberation. This study apply to newspaper characteric for costume, and closely examine an important costum condition of those days next time, and present costume material in those days that composed the account catalog appeared periods between the first publication(1920) of the Dong A II Bo, and in the year 1945, it is as follows. 1. Foreign clothes of men generally accept the general public on look at from form change, in the 1920's had come short Jackets and narrow throusers into fashion, in the 1930's had come trousers of generous waist band with broads shoulder and long Jackets. Catalog of Major clothes is as follows; Spring coat, Jacket, Vest, Shirt, etc. While pants had come trousers into fashion 2. Functional characteric of Foreign clothes was the possible acceptance of women's foreign clothes. It relate with much discussion to improve Korean development in those days and substitute foreign clothes for Korean clothes because of institence in those days to improve functional clothes life. 3. An improvement women's Korean clothes generally take aim at women's nipple liberation, substitute vest waist for skirt waist, appear seamless one-piece skirt of shade length, and long dress length of Jacket. 4. Children's clothes give an account of functional and sanitary conditions, handling method, washing method. 5. Clothes materials give account of foreign clothes material, artificial silk, furs, cotton fabrics, and etc. 6. Clothes management give an account of washing, keeping method, washing method of foreign clothes, and keeping of furs. 7. The hair generaly had come short hair into fashion in men's case, while accounts on long hair fashion of foreign nation effect in case of women. 8. Describing on beauty care manage primary beauty care, reform, plastic operation, and shade beauty care. Ideal beauty care deal with natural and dignified buauty care. 9. Accesaries (hat, handbag, handkerchief, gloves) change with fashion of clothes, it rapid more than clothes fashion. 10. On encouragement of abolition of white clothes and putting on dyeing clothes, because of economic defect of white clothes, psychology and beauty consequently, white clothes is on the rise abolition. In national level almost substitute dyeing clothes for control and improvement of people of all social standings consequently, dress and its ornaments conditions in those days analyzed account of Dong-A II Bo accept the foreign clothes that introduced internal country of the whole century, and substitute dyeing for white clothes. Costume condition in those days appear the mixed conditions of Korean clothes and Foreign clothes. In the 1920's is the first consideration dress and its ornaments form of Korean clothes. As later goes on foreign is given much weight in the whole clothes life. Account of foreign clothes managemental ways appear in the 1920's, while those facts prove the point that appeared the account that always dealed with concrete content of foreign fashion in the 1930's.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose a method for the effective management of toothbrush contamination. Toothbrush microbial contamination was analyzed according to the duration of toothbrush use, frequency of toothbrush use per day, and toothbrush storage location. We also analyzed the microbial reduction effect of vinegar, antimicrobial mouth rinse, bamboo salt, and baking soda, which are sterilization materials that can be easily used every day. We collected 45 toothbrushes from university dormitories from May to June 2018. To determine the degree of microbiological contamination with general bacteria, coliform bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus, bristle samples were cultured at $36^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours using 3M$^{TM}$ Petrifilm plates and then measured based on Petrifilm evaluation criteria. Toothbrush microorganisms were analyzed according to the duration of use, frequency of use per day, storage location, and effect of each sterilization material. General bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus contamination increased with frequency and duration of use (p<0.05). In particular, S. aureus showed a statistically significant increase to 36.15 CFU/ml after 1 month, 504.23 CFU/ml after 2 months, and 2,386.67 CFU/ml after 3 months (p<0.05). We found that 1% vinegar was the most effective substance for reducing general bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus. In addition, 1% antimicrobial mouth rinse solution applied for 5 minutes was the most effective in reducing S. aureus. It is crucial to recognize the importance of toothbrush care and store toothbrushes in a dry place and replace them periodically. We recommend use of vinegar and antimicrobial mouth rinse solution to disinfect toothbrushes. These should be applied as a 1% solution for at least 1 minute. Proper care of toothbrushes is important in maintaining oral health as well as overall health. Instructions on toothbrush care should be given when teaching children or adults how to brush teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Jens Jensen was an American landscape architect and early conservationist who pioneered a unique naturalistic landscape style. The purpose of the present study is to study Jensen's life, careers, design philosophy, and his contributions to the history of landscape architecture. Inspired by nature, Jensen worked closely with native plants, local materials, curvilineal and circular forms, and native scenery. His pioneering work in the Chicago's West Parks, including the design of Columbus Park and Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas Parks, was informed by his philosophical belief in the humanizing power of parks. In summary, first, Jensen played a prominent role in the creation of a unique native landscape style respecting regional landscape. Second, as a devoted conservationist and educator he organized conservation movements preserving landscape heritage and founded a education institution. Third, as a social reformer he emphasized the value of parks and nearby nature for urban citizens and children. Jensen's visions and philosophies have influenced on recent naturalistic landscape style and conservation efforts to preserve cultural landscape and natural environment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.220-233
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• 2007

In the context of region reconceptualized as a learning framework, using the Seoul region as an example, this paper focused on the debate and the condition of regional social studies curriculum in elementary schools, It means that regionalization of curriculum is the decentralization of power to develop and manage curriculum In that case, region is understood to he a resource used to connect the subject matter to children's experience, Furthermore, region is interpreted as Heimat, community and world around, Heimat is intended to be understood, loved and belonged to, Community is the resource for learning and the space of communication, participation and action, World around is the typical example to be searched, compared and explained by the concept and theory. On the base of the regionalization debate and the classification of learning a region, I analysed the local textbook, Social Studies Inquiry: Life in Seoul and suggested the framework of learning a region. In this paper, I tried to pick out the spatial demension of Seoul. It is classified into the space of experience, participation and inquiry, In conclusion, the region-specific materials and approach laying stress on the issue and topic in the geographical context of the region will determine that a proper regionalization occurs through not only methods hut also content.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2016

Composites are the most useful restorative material. However, composites have some disadvantages such as polymerization shrinkage, long working time, and susceptibility to water and contamination, which are stood out more especially when treating children. To solve these problems, bulk-fill composites have been developed. The aim of this study is to compare mechanical properties of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Bulk-fill composites (SureFil SDR flow (SDR), Tetric N-Ceram bulk fill (TBF)) and conventional composites (Filtek Z-350 (Z-350), Unifil Flow (UF), Unifil Loflo Plus (UL)) were used. The Vickers hardness tester was used to measure the microhardness of materials, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the degree of conversion. Polymerization shrinkage was measured by using a linometer. Flexural and compressive properties were measured by using the universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. Most conventional composites showed higher microhardness than bulk-fill composites. However, bulk-fill composites showed a higher top/bottom microhardness ratio than conventional composites. Bulk-fill composites showed a higher top/bottom degree of conversion ratio than conventional composites. The polymerization shrinkage was highest in UL and lowest in Z-350. The polymerization shrinkage of flowable composites was higher than that of non flowable composites. The compressive properties were highest in Z-350 and lowest in SDR and UL. In terms of flexural properties, Z-350 was the highest. However, none of the bulk-fill composites exhibited mechanical properties as good as those of conventional composites. Nonetheless, the ratio of microhardness and degree of conversion, which are important properties of bulk filling, were higher in bulk-fill composites. Therefore, the bulk-fill composites might be considered suitable restorative materials in pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2010

Objectives : This study is to grasp the efficacy, locus of control, oral disease management beliefs, etc and to make a close inquiry the relevance between theses key figures and oral health promotion practice for a teacher and oral care about children and to provide the basic materials of oral health education for the teachers of infant nursery. Methods : This study was made from July to September in 2009 to nursery teacher by having the self-report questionnaire for teachers of infant nursery who are performing nursry school tearcher. Total 187 questionnaire were distributed and among these, 167 questionnaire excluding 20 questionnaire of incomplete responses were statistically analyzed with SPSS12.0. Results : The efficacy is highly in a married person(p=0.001) according to the teacher's age(P=0.006), perceived good oral status(p=0.001) according to the oral conditions and has the significant difference. The internal locus of control is highly in a married person(p=0.006) according to the teacher's age(P=0.037) and the marital status and has the significant difference statistically. The external locus of control is the highest(p=0.038) in the age of 40 among teacher's age and has the significant difference statistically. The oral disease management beliefs is the highest in the age of 20 ~ 29(p=0.001), highly in married(p=0.003) and has the significant difference according to the marital status and perceived good oral status(p=0.045) according to the oral conditions. There has no significant difference in the efficacy, the internal locus of control, the external Lotus of Control, oral disease management beliefs following by the infant oral care after taking medicines and oral care of infants after tooth brushing. Conclusions : Therefore, the oral health promotion activities should be induced by educating the nursery teacher and it needs to spread out the oral care education with the development to operate practically. It is considered in need of the infant oral care which is not burden on to the nursery teacher but helpful to the infant by connecting the subjects of dental hygiene and oral health education training.