• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

Background: Snoring in children, is associated Kith adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sinusitis which contribute to upper airway obstruction, so we studied the sinusitis and adenoid size of snoring children with plain radiography Materials and method: Fifty patients having snoring, nasal obstruction in our hospital between November 2001 and November 2002 were studied using plain radiology PNS(water's view) and Neck lateral view(adenoid size with A/N ratio) Results: 1. In oriental medicine, Hu-Bi means laryngopharyngeal edema and obstruction, laryngopharyngeal disease are due to Hwa-Yeoul( fire and hot), sinus disease are due to Fung-Han(wind and cold) and Fung-Yeoul(wind and hot). 2. Age ranged from 2 to 17 year-old ( mean age: 6 years), 5-7 year-old were 18 patients (36%). Age of on set, 25 patients were 1-4 year-old (50%). 3. Of the 50 snoring patients, 37 patients were sinusitis(74%), 20 patients had enlarged adenoid(40%). Of the 20 large adenoid patients, 19 patients were sinusitis(95%). 4. Of the 50 snoring patients, size of tonsil were flowed. Fifteen were severe(3+), 17 patients were moderate(2+) and 15 patients were mild(1+). Of the 20 enlarged adenoid patients, size of tonsil flowed. Five were severe(3+), 11 patients were moderate(2+) and 4 patients were mild(1+). Conclusion : Of the 50 Snoring patients, 37 patients showed sinusitis(74%), 32 patients showed large tonsil(64%), 20 patients showed large adenoid(40%).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.299-313
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• 2001

This study examines the current state of English education in private kindergartens in Korea. Among 1700 kindergarten teachers surveyed for this research, 680 replied that their institutions provided English lessons for children. Analyses of the data collected from these 680 teachers showed : 1) They started to teach English not because of educational considerations but because of pressure from children's parents or kindergarten principals; 2) Most of the English teachers were part-time instructors specially recruited for English lessons. Generally, English lessons were given two or three times a week, with one session lasting for about 20 minutes. A variety of teaching methods and materials were used for the lessons given to children aged three to five. Focus of the lessons was given to listening and speaking words and sentences; 3) Most of the teachers considered the scarcity of qualified English instructors as the most serious problem for providing English education in kindergartens, and they did not want to teach English themselves. They evaluated positively the performance and role of Korean part-time English instructors. The evaluations were generally poor as to native speakers serving as kindergarten English teachers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to develop dental charts for Turkish children and young adults of both genders within the age group of 4.5-22.5 years according to tooth mineralization and eruption in a format similar to that proposed by AlQahtani et al. Materials and Methods: In total, 753 digital panoramic radiographs from 350 males and 403 females were assessed. The permanent teeth were evaluated according to the classification system described by Demirjian et al. The eruption stage was assessed with Bengston's system, which was modified by AlQahtani et al at four points. Results: Teeth generally developed earlier in females than in males. This was particularly notable in the age group of 5-14 years. However, this difference was usually visible in only one stage, not in all teeth. It has been determined that the mixed dentition period ended with the shedding of the second deciduous molars in both genders. Conclusion: The dental charts presented here included information that could be beneficial to dental clinicians in making appropriate diagnosis and planning orthodontic and surgical procedures. These charts also provided datasets for preliminary dental age estimation in Turkish children and young adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2011

The present study compared the contents and methods of elementary science education in schools and education institutes for the gifted and surveyed the contents and methods of science education for the gifted desired by students in order to set the direction of elementary science education at education institutes for the gifted. For this study, we conducted interviews with a 5th-grade male student and a 6th-grade female student at the science class of the Education Institutes for the Gifted run by Iksan Education Office. Besides, printed materials were collected and used to refer to the contents of education. The results of this study are as follows. First, in school, the student learn according to the curriculum defined by the government and the contents begin with elementary and basic ones and move step by step to deeper and wider scientific principles. On the contrary, in the education institute for the gifted, the contents of teaching materials are decided at the teacher's discretion, and because they target gifted children, their level is higher than that of the science curriculum in school. Second, the most common teaching method in school is lecturing and, next, experiments, group activities, etc. On the contrary, in the education institute for the gifted, experiments are used most frequently, and various educational methods are adopted including lectures, project learning and cyber learning. Third, the contents of science education that gifted children wanted to learn are not limited to any specific area. Science education methods that gifted children wanted were various, including project learning, group activities, experiments, and report making and presentation.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

Objectives: Literature has shown the relationship between the use of harmful media and sexual behaviors among adolescents. Laws and regulations of violent and sexual mass media are getting stricter, but young children reported that they were still accessible to these harmful materials. It might be due to the development of new techniques in media delivery and new trends of game addict among Korean adolescents. Since there were very few studies on recent harmful media available to young children, the authors explore the usability of harmful media and identify related factors that can predict adolescent sexual attitudes and activities. Methods: This study was conducted secondary analysis using the internal data that were drawn from National Youth Committee's survey of adolescent harmful environment in 2007. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to 13,721 adolescents who were randomly selected based on strata of geography, school, and gender. Results: Adolescents accessed mostly to NC-19(No Children under 19) TV programs(35.8%) and AO(Adult Only) games(35.5%). Most of them reported that they did not have difficulty in the contact of these harmful media. The factors that can predict adolescent sexual intercourse are male adolescents, attending high school, not being satisfied with family life and school, contact with phone-advertising of sex, AO games and other online games, viewing adult videos, or reading adult books. Conclusions: When sex education is designed, an instructor considers not only students' demographic characteristics but also the strategies to deter the use of harmful media especially for game materials.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

Objectives: Non-traditional materials are used for mask construction to address personal protective equipment shortages during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Reusable masks made from surgical sterilization wrap represent such an innovative approach with social media frequently referring to them as "N95 alternatives." This material was tested for particle filtration efficiency and breathability to clarify what role they might have in infection prevention and control. Methods: A heavyweight, double layer sterilization wrap was tested when new and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 autoclave sterilizing cycles and compared with an approved N95 respirator and a surgical mask via testing procedures using a sodium chloride aerosol for N95 efficiency testing similar to 42 CFR 84.181. Pressure testing to indicate breathability was also conducted. Results: The particle filtration efficiency for the sterilization wrap ranged between 58% to 66%, with similar performance when new and after sterilizing cycles. The N95 respirator and surgical mask performed at 95% and 68% respectively. Pressure drops for the sterilization wrap, N95 and surgical mask were 10.4 mmH2O, 5.9 mmH2O, and 5.1 mmH2O, respectively, well below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health limits of 35 mmH2O during initial inhalation and 25 mmH2O during initial exhalation. Conclusions: The sterilization wrap's particle filtration efficiency is much lower than a N95 respirator, but falls within the range of a surgical mask, with acceptable breathability. Performance testing of non-traditional mask materials is crucial to determine potential protection efficacy and for correcting misinterpretation propagated through popular media.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.257-274
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the reality of early childhood education and recognition of its teachers. The subjects of this study were 173 day care center teachers. They were surveyed by questionnaire and the results were tabulated using descriptive statistics. According to the result, 1) the majority answered that test cohort is two years children, number of subject is between 10 and 20 children, required time is 20-30 minutes, frequency is once a week, and teaching duration is more than a year. 2) It was reported that the education plan is usually submitted to day care center teachers and if it is not well linked, there are not many things that can be revised after consultation with teacher, even though it is well delivered. 3) Although they answered that the preparation of teaching materials for music activities were well used, the efficiency of the material towards children was reported as just normal. 4) There was a replacement of the music teacher during the specialized music education program.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to improve the oral health knowledge in children education institute teacher. Methods : Data were selected by convenience sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by the children education institute teachers. Frequency analysis and $x^2$ test were used to analyze the actual condition of oral health education and utilizing media contents. Pearson's Results : 1. The teachers received the oral health education (94.3%) twice to five times. 2. There was a difference between position and career of teacher in implementing oral health education. 3. Most of the oral health education were done by the dentists. Tooth brushing method was the most common education contents. Skill demonstration was the most common teaching method. 4. There was a positive correlation between experience and implementation of oral health education. 5. Use of education media accounted for 74.1% in oral health education. The number of media was more than two to five. 6. Self-devised media contents were the most commonly used in oral health education. Visual materials, dentiform and tooth brush were the most common contents in oral health education. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop the systematic and repetitive oral health education curriculum for the children education institute teachers. The dissemination of media for oral care is needed for oral health care knowledge acquisition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1992

For the purpose of better understanding of RAD children, comparisons were performed about the developmental and psychopathological characteristics between RAD and PDD children. Study subjects were the children between the ages 2 and 6. who visitied SNUCH Child and Adolescent Psychiatry OPD or treated in Day Treatment Center during May, 1989 and Sep., 1991, diagnosed by the child psychiatrist as RAD or PDD according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. A total of 40 children were included in the study. 20 were RAD(18 boys, 2 girls). 20 were PDD(20 boys). PEP was performed to all study subjects, by the raters blind to psychiatric diagnosis of each. And analysis was done about the level of developmental functioning score and psychopathological scores between RAD and PDD children. The results are as follows 'There were retardation on the general developmental functioning in RAD children, and the severity of retardation were lined up as perceptual ability>imitation>gross motor>cogitive language>eye-hand coordination>fine motor. Characteristics of psychopathology in RAD children were lined up by severity as language>play>relationship>affection >sensory. Group differences of the two shows on PDD group rejection score was significantly higher on the perception item. while RAD was superior on the perception emerging response. Differences of the psychopathology between two groups were on such areas as ; Affection, which was significantly higher on 'Absent' in RAD, while significantly higher on 'severe' in PDD children. On the interest for the play and materials. sensory and language areas, RAD children were significantly higher ratings on 'Absent' than PDD children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.147-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.