• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1974

Necessity and purpose of this study: In a large number of countries it has been founded that children′s domestic accidents are at great risk year by year In the United States, they publish detailed accident statistics at regular intervals. In Korea. there have been just a few studies on Accidents-At-Home of preschool children. But it can not be said that there have been any systematic statistics about this area. and any study accounting for the relations of home accidents and preschool: children in detail, Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was focused on the inquire of these relations so as to make a little contribution to Korean preschool children′s health and security measures. So, the detail-purposes are to study following questions and to testify following hypothesis. Prob. 1. What the types of accidents of Preschool children, where the place accidents occurred\ulcorner Prob. 2. What the cause of accidents and, the main factors of the cause\ulcorner Prob. 3. How about the number of their children. the disparity of age among their children and mother′s age in each case of accidents\ulcorner hypothesis 1. There will be differences in the density of protection of parents according to the number of their children. hypothesis 2, There will be differences in accident-types and first-aid methods according to parents socio-economic background. Method; This study employed the interviewing survey method, in which 130 preschool children ware random.sampled, who visit hospital to have medical care. These children (from 1 to 6 years olds) were selected at the emergency room of five hospitals in Seoul (Hosp: Severance, Woosok, Medical Center, Hanyang Medical College Hospital and Seoul Medical Col1age Hospital during study-period (from Aug. to Oct, 1973). Four head nurses in above Hospitals were employed as accident members for this study. Concerning research analysis, the method of hypothesis verifying is used. Conclusion: As two American experts on this subject. Dr, Raymond Neuter and Mr. Ross Mc Garland have drawn attention to "minor epidemics of accidents" that could be avoided by fairly simple measures. preschool children′s accidents could be avoided by parents fair attentions. In other words, one of the most common causes of preschool children′s accidents derived from their parent′s inattention. Therefore, one important task on this subject is to instruct the parents fairly about the children′s accidents. Many accidents could be avoided by the exorcist of a little self-discipline. Also, as much the prevention of accidents is important, as the first-aid Is Important and necessary at the case of the accidents. So, the methods of proper first-aid treatment must be emphasized, and must be taught in school, especially in girls school. And there could be other means available for prevention of accidents. Firstly, the public authorities can take legal measures. More stringent safety standards can be made enforceable by law. Building materials and equipment for domestic us: ought to meat minimum safety criteria at all times. Next the public itself has to understand the seriousness of the problem, and here the dissemination of information is of great importance. All mass media should be brought into play to promote greater public awareness of the question. At last, it will be needed to obtain more detailed epidemiological data through additional surveys and statistics after this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

This study investigated parents' attitude about children's unbalanced diet. The subjects were 1,309 parents that their children attended at kindergarten or child care center in Kyoung-Ki province. The order of dislikes in 'vegetables and fruits' was as follows: all kinds of vegetables (56.6%), beans (17.6%), fruits (5.2%). In 'meat, fish, poultry', the order of dislikes was meats (38.2%), fishes (21.8%), milk (16.4%), eggs (10.0%). In 'cerelas', the order of dislikes was rice (31.0%), rice cakes (14.3%), noodles (11.9%). The several rationalizations for dislikes are 'taste' (19.1 %), 'food habit from younger age' (18.4%), 'lack of chances for trying new food' (16.0%) etc. To compared children's rationalizations for dislikes to their age group, the percentage of 'lack of chances for trying new food', 'strange food shape', 'lack of nutrition education' was significantly higher in 'below 5 years old' (<5) group than other groups (<6, <7) and 'sweety food' was significantly higher in 'below 7 years old' (<7) group than other groups (<6, <7)(p <0.05). In parents' attitude about children's unbalanced dietary habit, subjects answered that they try to make children understand to eat dislike food (73.9%), develop new recipe for children (14.0%), neglect children's food habit (6.2%). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents age, the percentage of 'try to make children understand to eat dislike food' was significantly higher in 'below 30 years old' (<30) group than other groups ($30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39,\;{\geq}40$) and 'developing new recipe' was significantly higher in 'over 40 years old' (${\geq}40$) group than other groups ($<30,\;30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39$)(p < 0.05). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents' occupation, the percentage of 'neglecting' was higher in employed group and 'developing new recipe' was higher in unemployed group than the other group. According to the results of the survey, it is necessary to make new educational materials for employed parents and young children and develop new recipes to use various kind of foods instead of forcing unpleasant foods on the children for the sake of unbalanced diet.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the conception of elementary school students on evaporation and condensation, and then to verify the types of the conception. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools were sampled by stratified random sampling in Seoul and other provinces. They responded to the questionaire and the interview. This study was carried out according to the process of the basic study, the preliminary study, and the main study. The materials collected were classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. The vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the situations, and the scientific term "evaporation" was more frequently used by the older groups. 2. Most children answered that the last location of water were air/sky/cloud. Air/cloud which represents the scientific conception of the location of water were mentioned by children of all ages. The higher the grade of the children were, the more scientific conception the children mentioned, however. 3. Most children referred to the heat as the factor of evaporation. Wind, on the other hand was mentioned by less than 10% of lower graders, and by about 30% of higher graders. 4. The result of asking children whether they thought it was possible to get the evaporated water back showed that about 70% of lower graders denied the possibility of the water being reversible. About 60% of higher graders. however, recognized that the water will be returned as rain or condensation. This increase may be associated with formal teaching of water cycle. 5. In the ideas of evaporation and condensation, some of the children have supernatural ideas and animism, which are most younger chilren's characteristics.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.381-395
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• 2010

학령 전 아이들은 형식적인 교육을 받지 않고서도 일상적인 경험이나 비형식적인 방법으로 수를 익히고, 계산을 한다. 따라서 학령 전 아이들의 수학적 능력에 대한 이해는 유치원 교육과 초등학교 저학년의 수학 학습 지도에 시사점을 줄 수 있다는 변에서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 학령 전인 만 5세의 아이들이 사칙연산 문장제의 의미론적 측면의 문제 유형에 어느 정도의 해결 능력과 방법을 보이는가를 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 만 5세의 학령 전 아이들은 5보다 크고 10보다 작은 수로 구성된 사칙연산 문장제에 대하여 구체물을 이용한 비형식적 연산의 수행과 정신적 암산을 수행하는 방법을 통하여 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 학령 전 아이들의 수학적 경험을 위한 교육과정이나 프로그램을 체계적으로 구성하여 제시할 필요성을 제기한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2007

This study was to investigate utilization status of internet, health/nutrition websites among children, and to assess the needs for developing nutrition websites and education programs for children. The survey questionnaire was administered to 5-6th grade students (n=434) at two elementary schools. About 32% used the internet every day while 19.5% used it whenever they needed, showing significant differences in internet usage by gender (p<0.01). Although the subjects used the internet frequently, those who used health/nutrition websites were 23.3%. The purpose of using these sites were mainly 'to obtain health/nutrition information' (55%), 'to get information regarding weight control' (17%). Fifty-six percent of the users were satisfied with the nutrition websites, but only 30% said that they were helpful. The preferred topics in developing nutrition websites were assessment of obesity, exercise methods, weight control methods, nutrition information (e.g., diet for stature growth), dietary assessment and food hygiene. Girls showed more interest in these topics than boys (p<0.05). For school nutrition education, girls showed more interest than boys in topics for cooking snacks (p<0.001) and selecting snacks (p<0.05). In nutrition websites, subjects wanted to have information and game/quiz, as well as getting information using Flash animation. The favorite colors for screen and text were slightly different by gender (p<0.01). In school nutrition education, 89.5% of subjects liked to have activities (e.g., cooking, exercise, game). They also liked materials using computers, video and internet than printed materials. If nutrition education was done at schools, subjects wanted to receive 5.7 times of education per semester on average (mean length: 42.6 min/session). This study suggests that nutrition websites and education programs for children should include the topics such as assessment of obesity or diet, weight control and special information (e.g., diet for growth) as well as general information. In designing nutrition websites and programs, methods including game, quiz, Flash animation and activities (cooking, exercise) could be appropriately used to induce the interest and involvement of children.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

This study analyzes the present condition of the elements of a healing environment of the waiting rooms in outpatient clinics of children' hospitals (3 hospitals in Seoul) so as to propose a design to build a healing environment within the children' hospital. And analyzing the importance, satisfaction and preference of the healing environment in the waiting rooms, this paper has come to the following conclusions: 1)The study shows that the space structure of outpatient clinics in children' hospitals are composed of 1 story or 2 stories and designed in a duplication design or a dispersed alcove design. 2)The waiting room of the SC Hospital, with an area of 66.56$m^2$, and the waiting room of the SU Hospital, with an area of 38.78$m^2$ received the highest score for its space. 3)As most patients visit the hospital with their guardian, the waiting room should also be someplace families can rest and share information with others. 4)It is essential to build an environment that eliminates stress elements that patients may come to face by minimizing noise and elements that obstruct the view for mental stability. 5)The results show that those who took part in the survey preferred the following, respectively, healing environment design for the waiting room in the outpatient clinic at children' hospital: Pleasantness>Easiness in finding one' destination>Artificial materials>Natural materials>Environment like that at home>Co-promotion spaces>Space that supports the patients'activities>Openness>Sociality>Safety/Security>Approachability and Privacy. The results also show that healing conditions respect these preferences.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2014

어린이용품의 위해성에 대한 관심이 증대됨에 따라 프탈레이트계 가소제와 중금속에 대해 세계적으로 규제가 날로 강화되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2009년부터 환경보건법에 어린이용품에 대해 건강상에 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 물질에 대한 규제를 법적으로 고시 해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 유통되는 어린이용품에 대해서 경구 및 경피 노출이 야기될 가능성이 높은 제품들 중 22개 제품군에 대해 총 124개 제품을 선정하여 제품 내 프탈레이트와 중금속의 함유량과 전이량을 조사하였다. 124개 제품 중 123개 제품에서 중금속 14종에 대하여 분석결과 중금속이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 경구 전이량 결과에 따르면 블록류, 플라스틱 인형, 목재완구, 놀이용 바닥매트, 물놀이용품이 전이가 가능하였고 분석 결과 대부분의 제품에서 바륨(Ba), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 주석(Sn)의 인체 전이가 일어날 수 있는 것으로 조사되었고 일부 품목에서 코발트(Co), 니켈(Ni), 납(Pb) 등이 추가적으로 전이가 가능하였다. 경피 전이량 분석 결과 바륨(Ba), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn)은 악세서리를 제외한 대부분의 제품에서 전이가 가능하였고 악세서리의 경우 크롬(Cr), 바륨(Ba), 니켈(Ni), 아연(Zn), 구리(Cu)가 전이 가능하였다. 프탈레이트 분석 결과, 124개 제품 중 21개 제품이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 함유량 분석 결과 DBP, DEHP, DINP의 검출을 보인 제품을 대상으로 경구 전이량을 조사한 결과, 물놀이용품 2개 제품에서 DEHP 물질의 인체 전이가 일어날 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 경피 전이량 분석 결과 대부분의 제품에서 DEHP의 전이가 가능하였고 DBP는 2개, DINP 7개에서 경피 전이가 일어날 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

As the paradigm which emphasizes nurturing creative elites is introduced, more attention has been paid to children playing and their creativity. This change means that the importance of creativity is emphasized in the education of children, and furthermore, playgrounds which focus on creativity and imagination are needed. Therefore, this study examines the spatial characteristics of playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. There are five spatial characteristics of a creative playground: aesthetics, being eco-friendly, exploration, challenging and variable. Through the five characteristics, playgrounds were analysed based on ten expressive elements and the results are summarized: Creative playgrounds for children should have an attractive design with sculptural elements which stimulate children to be excited through associable shapes and abstract colors. Second, shelter type structures and a flexible flow design are needed so that children can feel free and be encouraged to explore in diverse ways. Third, as playgrounds for children provide spaces for rest in addition to play, organic facilities and eco-friendly materials for the rest space should to be used. Fourth, as childhood is a period when emotional, cognitive and physical development are achieved, organic geographical features and atypical facilities should be provided so that children can acquire extensive skills and join in physical activities. Finally, creative playgrounds for children should have mobile or variable facilities which consider the characteristics of children who want to do diverse activities and play different games. This study analysed playgrounds for children and suggested strategies to improve them. For successful design and use of creative playgrounds, it is suggested that intensive research on them and consultation with experts should be considered.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.840-855
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the eating habits of disabled and non-disabled children in Seoul and Gangneung. Korea. Questionnaires about eating habits were answered by the children's parents and their teachers. The subjects of this study consisted of 146 disabled children (108 boys and 38 girls) from two special education schools and 241 non-disabled children (control group,120 boys and 121 girls) from two elementary schools in Seoul and Gangneung, respectively. The percentage of the children who required more than 30 minutes to eat was 11.3% in the disabled group and 2.5% in the non-disabled group. In the disabled group,44.0% ate excessive amounts of food or could not control their intake. The percentage of the children whose frequency of eating breakfast was less than 1 to 2 times per week was 21.0% in the disabled group and 9.7% in the non-disabled group. Also, 7.6% of the disabled group and 13.9% of the non-disabled group had snacks more than three times per day. The percentage of children who were able to eat by themselves was lower in the disabled group (47.9%) than in the non-disabled group (87.8%). Of the remainder of the disabled group,28.6% spilled food, and 14.3% needed the aid of others when picking up side dishes. The percentage of parents who worried about their children's eating an unbalanced diet was 48.5% in the disabled group and 41.8% in the non-disabled group. In addition, there were problems with eating behaviors in 22.7% in the disabled group, and with under-eating (15.9%) and with excessive intake of instant foods (16.8%) in the non-disabled group. These results suggest that the eating habits and eating behaviors of disabled children are different from those of non-disabled children. Thus, nutritional educational programs and educational materials for disabled children and their parents should be developed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1979

Adequate intake of nutrients exert a profound influence on the physical and spiritual development of children. Thus, it is important to children and their mothers about nutrition and selection of nutritious foods. In order to underline the importance of nutrition for children, this study investigated and analyzed food habits of children expecially those in preschool ages, to obtain basic data to develop effective educational materials related to nutrition. dietary habits of 61 boys and 44 girls in the average age of six were surveyed through their mothers. Results therefrom are as follows : 1. Only 17 per cent of the mothers questioned replied that they considered the balance of diet in preparing meals, while 58.1% of the mothers gave precedence to the liking of their family . The lower the educational level of a mother , the higher her stress on the food preference of her family. 2. Seventy six of the mothers said they understand the basic food group , but only one mother displayed an accurate knowledge about it. 3. As for between meal eating , 82.9% took fruits, 68.6% milk, 35.2 bread, and 33.3% cookies. 4. Problems with food habits of children were : Unbalanced diet for 43.8% of children ,eating of snacks at irregular intervals for 26.7% and TV impact for 5.7%. 5. Children's food habits are greatly influenced by their parents, In the case of animal liver, 32.1 % of the children surveyed do not like to eat it, while 35.8% have never tasted it . 27.9% of children also do not like to eat cereals. Children's likes and dislikes with regarded to foods were influenced greatly by their parents. Thus, it is urgent to educate mothers about balanced diet and basic food group. Children will have to be taught to understand unfavorable effects of unbalanced diet so that they may correct their unsound food habits. This study also indicated the need for developing new cooking methods for those food items which are very liked by children to be a major cause of their unbalanced dietary habits.