• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.23-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference for living with adult children of the baby-boomer generation and the elderly based on independent variables such as demographic characteristics, the values of their children and the consciousness for supporting their parents. The National Survey of Korean Families was done by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. Respondents were 664 baby boomers and 628 elderly, and the results are as follows. First, the baby boomers rely heavily on their spouse, whereas the elderly rely heavily on their children. While both groups desire to live with their spouse in their later years, and the elderly rely the most on their children, they are reluctant to live together. This result shows that the elderly have high expectations for financial and emotional support from their children, but in reality, the elderly have lower expectations for living together and they prefer to live alone or with their spouse. Second, the boomers, who for the most part live in big cities, have comparatively high average monthly income and jobs and own a house, consider filial obligation as their own responsibility and yet tend to live independently. The boomers, who have a relatively high education level, consider living with aged parents as the children's obligation and consider their children as the most reliable people in their lives, and thus have high expectations to live together with their children. Third, the elderly, with a spouse, who consider having raised children to be their happiness, while considering providing financial support for the aging parents to be the children's responsibility, at the same time accept that the obligation of support lies on themselves, the government or the society, and thus have lower expectations of living with their children in later years. The elderly, now living with their family, with generous financial plans for their aging years and considering the children's success as their own success, have higher expectations of living together with their children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

This purpose of this study was to examine the effects of maternal attitude toward parenting and children's basic living habit on children's social maturity. Subjects were 252 mothers of 5-6 year-old children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data obtained were analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, t-test, and multiple regression. The major result of this study was that exercise and conversation ability of children had close relationships with several elements: birth order of children, educational background of mother, and affectionate and autonomous child-rearing attitude. Especially, mother's educational level and mother's warmth and self-regulatory child-rearing attitude were the most strongly related variables for children's social maturity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.126-131
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to identify how young children conceptualize living things and nonliving things. For this study, a total of 465 young children was sampled in Krea, and a questionnaire of paper test was administered to them. The results were as follows. 1. More than 80% of young children recognized dogs and dandelions as living things, but less than 60% of children recognized bird's eggs and chestnuts as living things. 2. Mostly, young children's ability to distinguish exactly between living things and nonliving things improved by increasing grade level. 3. Criteria to distinguish about living things and nonliving things are firstly to be mobilized and secondly to be breathed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2001

This study investigated institutionalized children's behavior problems depending on their family networks. Subjects were 250 institutionalized children in 15 child-welfare facilities in Seoul(132 preschooler, 55 first and 63 second grade children; 144 boys and 106 girls). Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. Measures of behavior problems included internalizing (anxiety, immaturity, withdrawal, physical symptom) and externalizing behavior problems (hyperactivity, aggression). Results showed that institutionalized children having parents were higher in internalizing problems than children not having parents, while children living with siblings in the facilities were lower in externalizing problems than children living without siblings. Furthermore, institutionalized children having parents and living without siblings were higher in both internalizing and externalizing problems than children not having parents and living with siblings.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of home related variables like socio-demographic variables, parent-child communication, and concern for children's education on children's school adjustment. The data was collected from 287 elementary school children living in Gyunggido. Measurement scales included the children's school adjustment inventory, the questionnaire of the socio-demographic variables, the parent-child communication index, and the parent's concern about children's education index. Results showed that children's school adjustment was significantly effected with regard to: father's age, father's education, mother's education, income, and mother's job. Correlation analysis indicated that parent-child open communication was positively correlated to children's school adjustment; that is the relationships with teachers and with friends, study at school, and rule of school. As well, parent-child problematic communication was negatively correlated to all of the school adjustment variables. Parent's concern about children's education indicated positive correlations with all of the school adjustment variables. It was also found that: parent's concern about children's education, parent-child open communication, parent-child problematic communication, mother's education, and income were significant predictors of the children's school adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.211-224
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• 1995

The grandmother role may be an important support network for dual-earner families and become more saliency among those children who are living with their grandmothers than those who are not. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of family structure characteristics on children's solidarity with their grandmothers and grandmothers' effects on grandchildren's self-esteem. Questionnaire data were collected from 429 grandchildren in the fifth and sixth grades. The major findings showed that (1)Solidarity between grandmother and grandchild in dual-earner families was associated with living arrangement. (2)Children's self-esteem in dual-earner families was not related to living arrangements with their grandmother. (3)Factors predicting solidarity between grandmother and grandchild and the grandchild's self-esteem differed by living arrangement. Solidarity between grandmother and grandchild was explained by grandmother-mother relationships, health of grandmother, parent-children relationship and occupational status of father for children living with their grandmothers. For those children not living with their grandmothers, grandmother-mother relationship, the educational level of father, families' economic level, parent-child relationship and health of the grandmother were significant predictors of grandmother-grandchild solidarity. (4)The regression of predictor variables on self-esteem for children living with grandmother revealed that grandmother-grandchild solidarity was the most powerful predictor, followed by occupational status of father, the educational level of mother, economic status of the family and parent-child relationship. For those children who were not living with grandmothers, parent-child relationship, economic status of the family, grandmother-grandchild solidarity and the educational level of the mother were also significant factors in that order.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to discover knowledge about the sources and meanings of the children's living who is under the care of welfare institution. Participants were high school girls in Kwangju who offered unstructured description of their experience through interviews. The research was performed from March 2001 to September 2001. The results, analyzed and interpreted according to Gorgi's method of phenomenology, describe the structure of the phenomenon "living experience of the children under the institution care" with a relational perspective. The analysis revealed seven core themes : (1) anguish of heart against custom of institution, (2) resistance against their livelihood, (3) mortification on the distorted prejudice, (4) desire to escape, (5) fearfulness for the unreliable future, (6) self-pity, (7) challenge to the future. The foregoing argument suggest that children under the institutional care be supported by more mental health intervention and nurses be disciplined by supportive conversation technique.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.139-158
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• 2017

Following the global trend of the delayed transition to adulthood, the number of unmarried middle aged adult children living with, or economically dependent on their parents has increased in Korea. Middle aged adult children in Korea are traditionally expected to satisfy their duty to support their elderly parents both in economic and emotional needs. This study aims to explore group differences in unmarried adult children in their mid 30s or older and in parents having unmarried middle aged child(ren) depending on co-residency and the children's eonomic dependency in Korea. Using quota sampling in terms of living arrangements (living together vs. living apart), 500 unmarried adult children 35 years of age or older and 500 elderly parents, having at least one unmarried child in the mid of 30s or over, were selected in Seoul, Korea in June 2016. First, the findings show that unmarried adult children living together with their parents and depending on their parents economically were in the lowest level of educational achievement and the lowest level of monthly average income among the respondents. Second, both unmarried adult children and parents from the group of co-residency and economically dependent showed the lowest level of psychological well-being. Third, parents from the group of co-residency and economically independent had mostly positive relationships with children, whereas, parents from the group of living apart and economically dependent reported the most negative relationships. Finally, respondents included in the group of co-residency had positive attitudes toward marriage and the support for their elderly parents regardless of the child's economic dependency. This study has implications for the increasing number of unmarried middle aged adult children and their elderly parents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-218
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine obese children's self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior in order to provide basic information on prevention of children obesity. Data were collected in June, 2001 from 349 normal weight children and 351 obese children, who were fifth or sixth graders at 14 primary schools located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ansan, chungju, and Gumi. The data were analyzed through using Chronbach's $\alpha$, frequency analysis, $X^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. The factor of children obesity was significantly different in the variables of sex, parents obesity, brother or sister obesity, father's occupation, level of living, health condition, and satisfaction level with their bodies. On the other hand, it was not significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, mother's occupation, level of father's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. 2. In the case of normal weight children, dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of level of father's concern about health and level of children's concern about health. In th case of obese children, the dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of grade, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, level of living, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. 3. In the case of normal weight children, personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and level of parents' concern about health. In the case of normal weight children, dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, level of living, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, sex, father's education level, mother's education level, and level of children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, level of parent' concern about health, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of sex, father's occupation, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level and father's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity and mother's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, mental health was significantly different in the variables of father obesity, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the mental health was significantly different in the variables of parents' educational level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and the children's health condition. 4. According to the correlation between self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior, the higher the self-efficiency feeling was, the higher the level of health promotion behavior was. 5. The children obesity was influenced by the factors of level of living, level of parents' concern about health, the children's health condition, level of the children's concern about health, the children's satisfaction level with their bodies, dietary efficiency feeling, exercise efficiency feeling, social efficiency feeling, personal hygiene, dietary habit, exercise habit, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of accident, and mental health. From the results of this study, it is clear that obese children's self-efficiency feeling is closely related with health promotion behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen children's self-efficiency feeling in order to make children control efficiently obesity for themselves.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the relation of adaptability to the temperature and wearing behavior in both obese and normal weight children and their mothers' guidance. A questionnaire was used and the subjects were elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grade (1,501) and their mothers (1,459) living in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Andong cities. The children were divided into two groups: a normal weight group (NWG, 1,192) and an obese group (OG, 309). There was no relation between children's adaptability to temperature and their mothers'. OG's mothers were more affirmative than NWG's mothers in purchasing children's clothing which suited them. The more NWG's mothers purchased children's clothing which suited them, the more NWG chose clothes that were conscious of body figure, while OG's mothers chose children's clothing which suited them regardless of OG's consideration of the body figure. It is suggested that an educational program of wearing behavior of obese children and their mothers as well as various measurements for the questionnaire should be developed for more intensive studies in this field.