• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.174-184
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• 2005

For the purpose of investigating the etiologic factors of early childhood caries in 18-month old infants which is an important period in pediatric dentistry, 234 infants of 18-month age and their first care-givers (mothers in most cases) who visited Ilsin Christian Hospital in Busan for the baby-care counseling and vaccination were examined. The oral examination was performed on the infants and their care-givers were individually interviewed about various items, and the data was statistically processed to yield the results as follows : 1. The prevalence rate of early childhood caries was 27.4%. 2. The percentage of the eldest child, the education level of the mother and monthly income were revealed lower in caries group infants. 3. The percentage of prolonged breast-feeding and the frequency of daily nursing was higher in early childhood caries group. 4. In early childhood caries group, the between-meal snacks were tend to be provided irregularly without predetermined time, and sugar containing snacks such as chocolates and candies were ranked in higher order whereas the fruits and milks were in lower ranks. 5. In early childhood caries group, the percentage of those performing the oral hygienic care was lower and the timing to start the toothbrushing was comparatively later. From the above results, it can be concluded that prolonged breast-feeding, poor snack habits and lower socioeconomic status act an important role in early childhood caries in 18-month old infants.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2010

In accordance with the analysis results on the questionnaires, in the awareness of employees on a public health center, the answer "I can make every endeavor for the success of public health center organization" showed the highest score as $4.07{\pm}0.75$. The awareness on the organization where a subject was included was higher than the average out of a 7 points. It showed the subjects were sincere to the missions and duties of the organizations where they were included. For the awareness on the work environment, the subjects who considered that their workplace was comfortable were higher than the average. The duties which the subjects recognized as the necessary duties among health businesses include health behavior improvement project, disease control project, customized visiting health care project, maternal and child health care, family health care and infectious disease control project. The duties which were considered as unnecessary among health care projects were general care functions, administrative businesses including issuance of certificates and various kinds of civil application processing. The projects which were considered to be reinforced or implemented in the future were health care project for the old, patients registration and care project including hypertension and diabetes and health promotion project in that order.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2015

Objectives: Medical students suffer from mental health and academic problems due to academic stress. We investigated academic stress and exhaustion along with psychological issues caused by medical education during the years in the School of Korean Medicine. Methods: Two hundred fifty-one university students from the School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, were asked to complete the Medical Stress Scale (MSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) three times during each semester for two years from 2013 onwards. We analyzed the influence of school term and vacation on educational stress and negative affect with the T-test. The Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to predict changes during the first semester or first years of study in the School of Korean Medicine. Results: Academic stress and burnout increased steadily until the first semester of third grade, which was measured with MSS and MBI-SS. The anxiety level was highest when the students started the first grade and it decreased significantly after the first semester. Negative affect repeatedly increased significantly after each school term; however, it reduced after each vacation. In the first grade, 19.5% of the last measure of MSS can be explained with the first measure of MSS. Discussion: This study extensively reviewed the trends and characteristics of four years of academic stress and its related psychological influence, and discussed its importance for developing a more efficient academic curriculum for traditional Korean Medicine.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.52-71
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• 1996

To measure the degree of work stress and identify factors influencing the stress among OR nurses, a study was implemented for 131 OR nurses working at four university hospitals in Taegu city through self administered questionnaires. Mean score of total work stress of nurses was 3.71, when maximum score was 5. Relatively high degrees of work stress was evident among OR nurses. When the related factors of the stress specified in the questionnaire were grouped into 11 categories, the respondents turned out to feel the highest stress when they were faced with the categories of non-peculiar duty and personal conflict with doctors. The most stressful events were nursing malpractice during surgical operations and damage to OR equipments. The nurses more susceptible to workstress were married with one child, less educated and worked at OR for 3 to 6 years.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.261-268
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• 2013

This study presents a descriptive research on the degree of self-care related to the prevention of radiation exposure after radioactive iodine therapy and on the relations between self-efficacy and social support to propose nursing interventions required for patients after radioactive iodine therapy. The research period lasted from March to May, 2013. The subjects included 108 patients that were receiving radioactive iodine therapy after thyroidectomy at a cancer hospital in Gyeonggi Province. The subjects scored mean 52.10 on self-care out of full 56 and as for the general characteristics of the subjects, there were significant differences in their self-care according to whether they had a child or not(t=-2.312, p=.023) and interest in health(t=5.689, p<.001). There were significant positive correlations between their self-care and their self-efficacy(r=.610, p<.001), family support(r=.646, p<.001), and medical staff support(r=.276, p=.004). Interest in health(t=5.301, p<.001) was predictor on level 1 of hierarchical regression and interest in health(t=2.140, p=.035) and family support(t=3.353, p=.001) turned out to influence the self-care of the subjects, recording total 46.3% explanatory power. The most important predictor was interest in health(${\beta}$=1.309, p=.035) of self-care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5551-5556
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• 2014

Background: The prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) for survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still ambiguous. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for published literature investigating associations between HER-2/neu status and overall survival of patients with CRC. A meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian-Laird model and publication bias was investigated by Begg's and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis was also conducted according to the study design type, study quality score, cut-off value for HER-2/neu overexpression, publication region, patient number and publication year. Results: A total of 17 eligible studies involving 2,347 patients were identified for this meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio (HR) was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.79), suggesting that HER-2/neu overexpression was not significantly associated with overall survival of patients with CRC. However, subgroup analysis revealed that HER-2/neu overexpression had an unfavorable impact on survival when the analysis was restricted to subgroups of study quality score ${\leq}5 $(HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.17-2.10), Asian patients (HR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.22-2.49), patient number ${\leq}106$ (HR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.01-2.44), publication year before 2003 (HR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.02-2.49), and prospectively designed study (HR=3.62, 95%CI: 1.42-9.24). The effect disappeared in subgroups of study quality scores > 5 (HR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.33-1.44), non Asian patients (HR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.77-1.70), patients' number > 106 (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 0.67-1.72), publication year after 2003 (HR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.76-1.69), and retrospectively designed study (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 0.89-1.67). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that HER-2/neu overexpression might not be a significantly prognostic indicator for patients with CRC. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.369-378
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mother's education about amblyopia occlusion therapy on parenting stress and efficacy and the visual acuity improvement of the amblyopia child. The study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental study. The mothers with amblyopia children who signed the consent form were assigned to one of two groups, the experimental group (29) and control group (31). The data were collected from March 5 to October 5, 2010, at G university hospital outpatient department located in G city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in the Mothers Education about Amblyopia Occlusion Therapy for 24 weeks, which included face to face consultations, telephone counseling, etc.. The degree of parenting stress and efficacy were measured by using questionnaires and the visual acuity was measured by visual examination. The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA using SPSS PC+20.0 for Windows. The following results were found after the therapy. The experimental group had statistically significantly higher visual acuity (Rt, F=40.64, p<.001, Lt, F=10.28, p<.001), lower parenting stress scores (F=9.85, p=.003) and higher parenting efficacy scores (F=22.19, p<.001) than the control group. In conclusion, the Mothers about Amblyopia. Occlusion Therapy Education Program was effective in improving the visual acuity of the amblyopia children, and decreasing the parenting stress and enhancing the parenting efficacy of their parents.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 1975

Seven aspects of attitude toward marriage in Korea are examined to better understand present and future marriage patterns. Also, various facets of current marriage practice are compared with attitudes. The study comprises three groups of roughly 600 women each, selected by random sampling from a rural, an urban, and a semi-urban area. A carefully designed and pretested questionnaire was checked for reliability by a reinterview in a 15% subsample. The great majority of Korean women support traditional attitudes that one must or should marry. The small group who recommend that one should not marry are mostly the very young or the never married, whose attitudes still may change. However, there are important and probably predictive shifts in favor of more individual decision, especially among the better educated, the young, and the more urban. Traditional reasons for marriage such as "custom" and procreation are ranked first by a majority, but there is a large shift to more contemporary or liberal desire for companionship and love, also primarily among the better educated, the urban, the young, and the never married. The traditional attitude that parents should have the sole or major role in mate selection is still held by a bare majority; the educated, urban, young, and never married are more liberal. Only 6% opt for each of the two extremes: That the parent alone or the respondent alone should decide. The remainder prefer one of the two middle-of-the-road positions where parent and child together decide. The proportions of respondents who classed specified criteria as moat important for selecting a husband, arranging the criteria in order from traditional to contemporary were: Lineage, etc., 23%; personal attributes, 40%; health and education, 27%; and love, 10%. The changing attitudes are suggested by the fact that love was ranked first by only 3% of the poorly educated rural poulation versus 23% of urban college level and 31% of the urban never married. There has been a substantial rise in the ideal age of marriage over the past twelve or more years, but there also is evidence that the ideal age is at or near a ceiling. Knowledge about legal age of marriage is minimal; the implications of this for proposed legislation are discussed. Three-fifthes to four-fifths of all respondents married husbands of the same religious, residential, and economic backgrounds as themselves. Almost all of them married men of the same or higher educational level. These evidences of traditional influences in mate selection are contrasted with the low priority given some of those items in earlier questions on reasons for marriage and criterion for selecting husband. Contrary to the expressed attitudes as to who should select the husband, we find that marriages of the study sample were stated to be arranged by parents alone in 62%; and in another 23%, the parents made the decision but asked the respondent's views. Such arrangements were most frequent among the rural, the less educated, and the older respondents and less common in the urban and more educated. The implications of these and related findings are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

This study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of home-linked indirect smoking prevention education in early childhood in improving the awareness, skills, attitudes and willingness to protect themselves from smoking. 208 5-year-old children were recruited from three kindergartens located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Children in the experimental group received home-linked indirect smoking prevention education. Children in the comparative group, received indirect smoking prevention education in kindergarten. Children in the control group received general health education. The results revealed that all groups showed significant differences between pretest and posttest in awareness of second-smoke, attitudes and willingness to stop smoking. However, the skills to protect oneself from second-smoke showed a significant difference in the experimental group and the comparative group. The values of changes among the groups showed high increases in the order of experimental, comparative, and control groups. This shows that home-linked education had considerable positive effects on indirect smoking prevention.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.352-360
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• 1997

It has been reported that There is a relatively high incidence of congenital cleft lip and palate among congenital anomalies. Children with the cleft lip and palate confront various problems ranging from feeding difficulties as infants to frequent ear infections, compromised speech, aberrant dentofacial development, malocclusion and esthetic impairment with its unfavorable effects on the psychosocial adaptation of the individual. Management of these patients is a process that starts in infancy and continues on into adulthood. Through a team approach, professionals from various fields convene to assess the needs of the child and to assist the parents in dealing with the situation. A pediatric dentist, one of the team, must advise the parents the way of feeding or make an obturator for normal feeding and weight gain of infants with cleft lip and/or palate. An obturator can aid nursing, stimulate orofacial development, help develop the palatal shelves, prevent tongue distortions, prevent nasal septum irritation, decrease chance of ear infections, expand collaped maxillary segments, constrict the expanded anterior part of the maxilla, reposition the premaxilla, and help the parents psychologically. Three cases of infants with cleft lip and palate were managed with the obturator at the Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University. In all cases, infants showed normal feeding and weight gaining after the insertion of the obturator.