• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 2003

The content of chiisanoside in the Acanthopanax Species was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Chiisanoside was separated from the other components in the plant extracts using Zorbax 300 SB $C_{18}$ column with gradient elution of acetonitrile. Identification of chiisanoside was carried out by comparison in the LC/MS spectrum of separated peak from extract with that of standard. By HPLC analysis in this experiment, Acanthopanax species could be classified into two groups based upon the content of chiisanoside-one with low concentration of chiisanoside, such as A. senticosus and A. koreanum, and another with high concentration of chiisanoside, such as A. senticosus f. inermis, A. Divaricatus var. albeofructus, and A. chiisanensis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

The leaves of Acanthopanax species have traditionally been used as a tonic and a sedative as well as in the treatment of rheumatism and diabetes. Chiisanoside is the major active lupane triterpenoid of Acanthopanax leaves. To investigate the bioactivities of chiisanoside, which act on bone metabolism, the effects of chiisanoside on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were studied. Chiisanoside $(0.02{\sim}20\;{\mu}M)$ significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and nodules mineralization in the cells (P < 0.05). The effect of chiisanoside (2 ${\mu}M$) in increasing ALP activity was completely prevented by the presence of tamoxifen, suggesting that the effect of chiisanoside might be partly estrogen receptor mediated. Moreover, cotreatment of p38 inhibitor SB203580 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited chiisanoside-mediated ALP upregulation, suggesting that the induction of differentiation by chiisanoside is associated with increased activation of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by chiisanoside may result in the prevention for osteoporosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1980

A new glycoside was isolated from Acanthopanax chiisanensis Nakai (Araliaceae) leaves and its biological activity was investigated. The new glycoside was tentatively assigned the structure of Asecotriterpenoid glycoside, $C_{48}H_{76}O_{19}$ m.p. $208~209^{\circ}$ and named chiisanoside. Chiisanoside exhibited non-toxic effects and significant antihistaminic activity. It was found that chiisanoside showed the antidiabetic activity against epinehrine-and alloxan-induced diabetes, decreased the toxicity of $LD_{50}$ by ephedrine hydrochloride and promoted the elimination of chloramphenicol from blood. Chiisanoside also increased the survival rate in rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride from death and led to re-establishment of normal enzymatic function. In the histopathological studies, chiisanoside improved fatty degeneration and parenchymal cell necrosis of the liver induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-266
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• 2007

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of chiisanoside in each stem and root of Acanthopanax senticosus collected from South Korea, North Korea, China and Russia. A reverse-phase system using a gradient of H$_{2}$O and acetonitrile as the mobile phase was developed and detection was at 210nm. The analysis was successfully carried out within 30 min. Chiisanoside was measured in the stem and root of A. senticosus collected from various countries.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2007

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of chiisanoside in Acanthopanax species. A reverse-phase system using a gradient of H$_2$O and acetonitrile as the mobile phase was developed and a wavelength of detection was at 210 nm. The analysis was successfully carried out for 30 min. Chiisanoside was measured in the fruit, stem and root of A. sessiliflorus, A. koreanus, A. divaricatus and A. senticosus.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 1991

Chemical constituents of fruits, leaves and barks of Acanthopanax senticosus forma inermis were studied. Their fruits have higher contents of crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, fructose and glucose than those of other Acanthopanax species, and contained larger amount of glutamic acid and malic acid among amino acid and organic acid, respectively. The compounds identified from their barks and leaves, were $\beta$-sitosterol and stigmasterol, sesamin, savinin, syringaresinol diglucoside, oleanolic acid, chiisanoside and polyacetytene ($C_9H_{10}O_2$, mp. 62~63).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index Acanthopanax in eleven species of China and Korea. The phytochemical components from the berry of Acanthopanax species, were measured by the HPLC analysis. Protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, scopolin, rutin, hyperoside, chiisanoside, oleanolic acid were found in ethanol extracts from the berry of Acanthopanax species. Total phenolic compound of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis berry (0.682%) was about seven times higher than those of Acanthopanax divaricatus f. distigmatis berry (0.091%). As a result, the order of the eleutheroside E content was 1) Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis (0.554%), 2) A. divaricatus var. albeofructus (0.501%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.452%). And also, the order of the chiisanoside content was 1) Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (8.434%), 2) A. seoulense (0.94%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.798%).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1986

Among the Araliaceae plants indigenous to Korea, those whose medicinal usage are comparatively high have been selected in this serial studies. Chiisanoside and acanthoside D were isolated and identified from the Acanthopanax chinensis leaves and root bark. Chiisanoside and acanthoside D have been found to have the lowering S-GPT, S-GOT value and BSP-retention rate and survival rate, anti-histaminic effect in the toxic state through the bio-pharmacological experiments. ${\alpha}-hederin$, hederagenin pentaglycoside were isolated both stem bark of Kalopanax pictum Nakai var. magnificum and Kalopanax pictum Nakai var. Max. respectively. Syringoside, acanthoside D were also isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum. The biological activity of ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$, Re were examined. Ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$, Re promotes the antileaking effect in X-ray (Co 60) irradiated toxic state.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 1999

The effects of five lupane-triterpenoids from leaves of two Acanthopanax spp., chiisanogenin, chisanoside and $22{\alpha}-hydroxychiisanogenin$, acakoreoside A and acantrifoside A on the mitogen-induced proliferation were investigated in vitro. T cell proliferation (TCP) to concanavalin A (Con A) and the B cell proliferation (BCP) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were increased by chiisanogenin. TCP to Con A was significantly increased by chiisanoside and acankoreoside A, but not affected by chiisanogenin, $22{\alpha}-hydroxychiisanogenin$ and acantrifoside A, BCP to LPS was significantly increased by acankoreoside A and acantrifoside A, and slightly increased by chiisanoside, chiisanogenin and $22{\alpha}-hydroxychiisanogenin$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.269-273
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• 2003

The leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seem. (Araliaceae), which is native plant to Korea, have not been studied yet on triterpene constituents. Three 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids (Compound I-III) were isolated from the MeOH extract of this plant using Diaion HP-20P, silica gel and ODS column chromatographes. Based on physicochemical and spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of these compounds were identified as follows ; chiisanogenin (Compound I), chiisanoside (Compound II), $22{\alpha}-hydroxychiisanoside$ (Compound III).