• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2000

Arthrobacter sp. A-6 was cultivated and DFA III(di-fructofuranose dianhydride) was produced with inulin fructotransferase from the chicory root. The specific growth rate, yield of cell mass and yield of enzyme from the culture in variable chicory root extracts were studied and the results compared. Standard inulin solution(10%) was treated with the crude enzyme solution of inulin fructotransferase from the cell culture, 1.14mg/ml of DFA III was produced. The enzyme reactions were processed with various preparations of chicory root extracts in the same conditions. The highest yield of DFA III production(2.29 mg/ml) was obtained from the chicory roots without washing or extraction. The yield of DFA III from the washed chicory roots without extraction was at lowest(0.44 mg/ml). The production process of inulin fructotransferase and DFA III from the chicory root without prewashing or extraction steps were more efficient.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

Effects of water-soluble extract from roasted-chicory root on the cholesterol metabolism in rats fed cholesterol diet were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats received a hypercholesterolemic diets without (control group) or with 5.0% water-soluble extract from roasted chicory root for 2 weeks. Roasted chicory extract group showed significantly higher body weight gain and food intake compared with the control group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in rats fed roasted chicory extract diet. However, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and atherogenic index were not significantly affected by the dietary roasted chicory extract. Fecal net weight, fecal cholesterol, and bile acid excretion were significantly higher in the chicory extract group. The results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect in rats fed roasted chicory extract may be caused by an alteration in the absorption of cholesterol by an increase in the fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate correlation between external factors of chicory root and chicon fresh weight, whereby, to provide basic information of external yardstick of producing standardized chicon. For correlation between external factors (root diameter, root weight) of chicory root and chicon fresh weight were highly correlated. The relationship between external factors (root diameter, root weight) of chicory root and chicon fresh weight, root diameter was strongly affecting chicon fresh weight due to significant at its regression coefficient ($6.06^{***}$). In order to verity this correlation, the root diameter (x) of chicory that were 3 different varieties were based on the 4 different root diameter treatments, such as x ${\leq}$ 30 mm, 30 < x ${\leq}$ 40 mm, 40 < x ${\leq}$ 50 mm and x > 50 mm. The chicon production increased as root diameter increased and the chicon fresh weight, chicon width, and the number of leaves increased as well. Therefore, the measure of root diameter of chicory instead of the internal factors (carbohydrate, and so on.) can be used to predict the chicon fresh weight.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 1995

Occurrence of soft rots was observed on chicory that was massively grown in-In-jae, Kangwon-Do, Korea. At first, a creamy lesion was appeared on the chicory root, which was enlarged slowly in diameter and in depth. The affected root area became soft and mushy. This eventually resulted in wilting and death of the aboveground parts of the chicory. The causal organism isolated from the lesions was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the physiological and chemical characteristics, and on the results of the Biolog Program (Biolog Inc. U.S.A.). Since E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first described bacterium that causes soft rot on chicory in Korea, we proposr to name the chicory disease caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora as "bacterial soft rot of chicory".

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.258-262
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• 1978

Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid in dried chicory root (moisture content 7.0%) are analyzed and subsequent results are as follows: Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total sugar and ash content in chicory root are 8.6%, 1.6 %, 6.9%, 58.5% and 4.2%, respectively. Mineral content of Ca, P, Fe, Mg and Si in the root are 1,560, 180, 10,600 and 180 mg%, respectively. Other minerals such as K, Na, Al, Zn, Ag, Cu and Ti are also determined. Unsaturated fatty acid content in total fat of the root is 65.4%, Particularly high in linoleic acid. Uridine-5'-diphospho-glucose, as sole nucleotide-sugar in the root, was detected.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.329-335
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate physiological activities of chicory root (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus). The anti-hepatotoxic activity of roasted chicory was studied using primary cultured rat hepatocytes where cytotoxicity was induced by galactosamine. The water extract of roasted chicory did not induced of cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Treatment with 5 mM galactosamin for 5.0 hr showed maximum increase in activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the medium. The water extract of roasted chicory inhibited significantly and dose-dependently the release of LDH activity increased by galactosamine-induced cytotoxity. The antidiabetic activity of water extract of roasted chicory was examined in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The increased blood glucose level in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased by the administration of chicory extract (800 mg/kg). Chicory water extract (800 mg/kg) prevented weight losses in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The antimutagenic activities of chicory water extract were tested using Salmonella thyphimurium YG 1024 as tester strains and 2-aminofluorence as a potent carcinogen in the presence of S-9 mix. No mutagenic activities of the water extracts of roasted chicory were observed on all the tested strains at dose $10{\sim}5,000$ ${\mu}/g$ per plate. Water extract of roasted chicory did not inhibit the mutagencities of Salmonella thyphimurium YG 1024 induced by 2-aminofluorene.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L$^{-1}$ and 0.1 mg NAA L$^{-1}$ . Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

Chicory roots were roasted under various conditions. For roasted chicory roots, chemical compositions were investigated to develop new food materials from Korean chicory roots. Raw chicory root consists of 76.34% of moisture, 20.50% of nitrogen free extract, 1.03% of crude protein, 0.13% of crude fat, 1.02% of crude fiber and 0.98% of crude ash. Dried chicory root contains 3.44% of moisture, 79.52% of nitrogen free extract, 5.63% crude protein, 5.51% of crude fiber, 4.85% of crude ash and 1.05% of crude fat. Moisture content of chicory root decreased gradually with the increase of roasting time at $130^{\circ}C\;and\;140^{\circ}C$, while decreased significantly by roasting at $150^{\circ}C\;and\;160^{\circ}C$ and dropped below 1.0% in the 40 min. of roasting at all roasting temperatures tested. Crude protein content decreased with an increase of roasting temperature and time. Crude protein content decreased by 1.60% after 40 min of roasting at $160^{\circ}C$. The amount of reducing sugar decreased gradually as roasting time at $130^{\circ}C\;and\;140^{\circ}C$ increased. It reduced remarkably roasting at $160^{\circ}C$. Crude protein and reducing sugars seemed to be consumed as substrate for maillard reaction. $2,705.1{\sim}2,735.5mg%\;of\;K,\;175.8{\sim}179.3mg%\;of\;P,\;152.7{\sim}157.3mg%\;of\;Ca\;and\;76.2{\sim}79.6mg%$ of Mg were contained in chicory root and theirs contents were not changed in different roasting conditions. Thirteen fatty acids were isolated and identified from chicory root and it among them linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and oleic acids were the major components. Saturated fatty acid content was 22.81% and unsaturated fatty acid content was 77.19% and fatty acid composition was not changed by roasting under different conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.518-524
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• 2000

치커리 물추출물은 실험동물의 지질대사에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 이러한 영향에 대한 대사가 작은 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. \ulcorner음처리한 치커리(roasted-chicory)또는 볶음처리하지 않은 치커리(unroasted-chicory)로부터 물추출한 치커리 추출물을 5% 수준으로 식이에 첨가하여 SD계 수컷흰쥐에 2주간 자유 섭취시켜 혈청 및 간장의 지질 농도와 간장 MTP(microsomai triglyceride trasfer protein) 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 체중 증가량, 장기 중량 및 식이 섭취량은 각군잔의 유의적 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 혈당치는 대조군과 볶음처리한 치커리군에 비교해서 볶음처리하지 않은 치커리군에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 혈청의 TG 농도는 치커리 첨가군에서 감소하는 경향으로 나타났으며, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 인지질 및 유리지방산 농도와 간장 지질농도는 실험군간의 유의적 치이는 없었으나, HDL콜레스테롤 농도는 치커리 첨가군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 간장에서 중성 지질 합성의 조절효소로 알려진 PAP(phosphatidate phosphohydrolase)활성은 각 실험 군간의 유의적 치이는 없었다. 그러나, 중성지질-rich 리포단백질의 합성, 분비에 필수적인 간장 MTP활성을 대조군에 비교하여 치커리군에서 현저하게 저해되었다. 간장 MTP 활성과 혈청 중성지질 농도의 사이에 높은 정의 상관관계(r=0.81)가 인정되어, 본 실험에서 치커리 뿌리 추출물에 의한 혈청 중성지질 억제효과는 간장 MTP 활성의 저해에 기인하는 것으로 시사되었다.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2004

Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus) is potential alternative medicinal and sugar crop which accumulates a high amount of linear polyfructan, inulin in its roots. A problem in root production is that over-wintered stock plants often flower. Once the plant becomes reproductive, stem elongation and root growth slows and floral buds arise from every node, rendering the plants useless for propagation. The objectives of this research was to examine the effectiveness of manipulating environmental factors containing photoperiod, temperature and number of leaf states. The experiment was performed in growth chamber to create two photoperiods (8 h, and 16 h) with three temperature regimes (5$^{\circ}C$/3$^{\circ}C$, 1$0^{\circ}C$/8$^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$/13$^{\circ}C$ day/night temperature) for a total of six treatments on three type of true-leaf stage of plant. Data of bolting rate, shoot and root length, shoot and fresh weight was invetigated in each treatments. This is the first report on changes in bolting rate and shoots and roots production during a whole growing season and differences in the effect of cold and photoperiod treatment depending on the true-leaf stage of plant.