• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1999

Phytophthora root rot of Chniese cabbage and spinach is reported for the first time in Korea. The diseases ocurred at Yangju, Seosan and Yeocheon in Korea from 1995 through 1998, mainly in lowland and submerged areas. Symptoms consisted of stunt, yellows, wilt and eventual death due to root rot. Fourteen isolates collected from naturally infected plants were all identified as P. drechsleri based on mycological characteristics. PCR-RFLP analysis of rDNA of the isolates confirmed the above result, since the restriction band patterns of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacers were identical to P. drechsleri and P. cryptogea, but distinct from closely related species of P. erythroseptica, P. cambivora, P. sojae and P. megasperma. The pathogen showed strong pathogenicity to Chinese cabbage, moderate to spinach, radish, cabbage and tomato, and weak or none to brown mustard, kale, chicory and pepper in pathogenicity tests.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2004

Growth promoters were added to skim milk to retain the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum to help the product meet the "therapeutic minimum" at the time of consumption. The experiments were divided into two parts. The first part of the study used chicory inulin, isomalto-oligosaccharides and sucrose to investigate the effects of sugars on the activity of L. acidophilus and B. longum. The results indicated that the addition of isomalto-oligosaccharides stimulated growth of L. acidophilus and B. longum, resulting in a higher level of the probiotics after one month storage and yielded better $\beta$-galactosidase activity during fermentation. The second part studied the effects of three growth promoters on the viability of the probiotic cultures and the response surface method was employed to find the optimal ratio for addition of the growth promoters. The optimal ratio for added calcium gluconate, sodium gluconate and N-acetylglucosamine in fermented milk drinks were established. The response surface method proved to be a very effective way of optimizing the activity of probiotic cultures when developing a new fermented milk drink.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

볶음조건에 따라 치커리의 유리당 함량은 무처리구에서는 sucrose 4.78%, fructose 0.81% 및 glucose 0.53%이었는데 볶음온도가 증가하고 볶음시간이 길어질수록 감소하여 16$0^{\circ}C$ 40분 볶음처리구에서는 sucrose 2.21%, fructose 0.35% 및 glucose 0.20%로 전체 유리당 함량으로는 약 45.10% 잔존하였다 아미노산은 18종이 분리되었고, 그 중 유리아미노산 함량은 arginine이 504.49 mg%, asparagine이 500.78 mg%, glutamic acid가 97.82 mg%이었고, 충아미노산 함량은 arginine이 676.7 mg%, glutamic acid가 583.9 mg%, aspartic acid가 319.2 mg%, prolineol 297.4 mg%로 다른 것에 비하여 높게 나타났다 볶음온도가 증가하고 볶음시간이 길어질수록 아미노산의 함량은 감소하였고, 그 정도도 다르게 나타났다. 전체함량으로 보면 유리 아미노산의 경우 무처리구에서는 1728.6 mg%이었던 것이 16$0^{\circ}C$ 40분 처리구에서 4.37 mg%로 약 0.25%만 잔존하였고, 총아미노산의 경우 무처리구에서 3159.4 mg%이었던 것이 16$0^{\circ}C$ 40분 볶음처리구에서는 1732.5 mg%이었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare seed viability among 42 species after ten years of storage in the midterm storage complex ($4^{\circ}C$, 30-40% RH) at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) Korean genebank maintained by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea and to suggest the relative seed longevity and suitable monitoring intervals. The germination data from initial tests and after ten years of storage were compared to measure changes in viability during storage. The decline in seed viability varied greatly among seeds from -11.5% for Triticum sp. to 80% for melon. Coriander, crowndaisy, safflower, cosmos, Chinesebellflower, waxgourd, melon, castorbean, Welch-onion, hollyhock, wild barley, and tallfescue showed significant decreases in viability of 34.2%, 73.4%, 36.5%, 30.0%, 40.2%, 71.3%, 80.0%, 65.9%, 45.5%, 51.4%, 53.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. Gardenpea, soybean, perilla, onion, wild rice, Italian-ryegrass, and pepper showed a 15-30% decline in viability, while the viability of morningglory, adzukibean, maize, and Capsicum sp. decreased by 15% to 5%. Chicory, radish, Chinese-cabbage, bottlegourd, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, Cucurbita sp., groundnut, kidneybean, clubwheat, sesame, wheat, Triticum sp., rice, barley, orchardgrass, buckwheat, and wild tomato showed changes in viability of <5%. The changes in storage viability also varied within families. The wild types of rice and barley showed rapid viability loss and presented different aspects from cultivars. Since seed viability of species, classified as index 1 or 2, showed germination losses >15% after ten years of storage, a viability test should be conducted with five year intervals, while species with germination loss of <15% (in index 3 or 4) can be retested at ten year intervals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide efficacy and crop safety among different leafy vegetables applied with foliar spraying under greenhouse and to check extrapolating from some trial data to other minor crops. Leafy vegetables used in this study were: lettuce (Lactuca sativar), leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea.), chicory (Cichorium intybus.), chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis), radish (Raphanus sativus), rape (Brassica napus), crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium), edible burdock (Arctium lappa), endive (Cichorium endivia) and mustard greens (Brassica jumcea). Based on the result of control efficacy, all crops were classified into the groups. The results showed the probabilities of extrapolating the control value data of minor crop within the same group. It would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for similar crops to those crops have no registered pesticides.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

Three leaf vegetables, namely green lettuce, red lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and red-veined chicory (Cichorium intybus) were grown in minigreenhouses covered with two new functional films and conventional polyethylene film (PE). Seedlings of leaf vegetables were transplanted in a plastic troughs filled with soil-perlite mixture. Two functional films were made from polyolefin (PO) material. Measurement of optical characteristics showed that polyolefin films have better transmittance for the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400-700nm) and higher absorptance for the ultraviolet radiation (UV, 300-400nm) in comparison with the conventional PE film. After three months of utilization higher loss in PAR transmittance was observed for conventional PE film. Leaf vegetables growth was enhanced and yield was increased in greenhouses covered by new functional films.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.980-985
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a newly developed functional food containing Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP) and other physiologically active materials on the antioxidant system and the process of colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Following a one-week adaptation period, the rats were divided into 3 groups and fed either a high-fat, low-fiber diet (control and DMH groups), or a high-fat, low-fiber diet supplemented with B. polyfermenticus ($3.1{\times}10^8\;CFU/day$) and other physiologically active materials (chitosan, chicory, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and flavonoids) (DMH+BP group). One week after the initiation of the diets, 2 groups of rats were subjected to six weeks of treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 180 mg/kg BW, s.c.). The dietary treatments remained consistent throughout the entire experimental period. Nine weeks after the initial DMH injection, the rats supplemented with B. polyfermenticus had significantly lower numbers of aberrant crypt foci than those in the DMH group. Injections with DMH resulted in significantly higher leukocytic DNA damage and plasma lipid peroxidation levels, as well as in a lower plasma total antioxidant potential. These effects were reversed following supplementation with B. polyfermenticus and other physiological materials. Our results indicate that a functional food containing B. polyfermenticus exerts a protective effect on the antioxidant system and on the process of colon carcinogenesis, thereby suppressing the development of preneoplastic lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.790-794
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological properties and pyrrolizidine alkaloids of comfrey cultivating in Korea. 12 comfrey samples cultivation in Korea was selected and their appearance (whole plant, leaves, root etc.) were observed by expert and microscopy for morphological analysis. It is confirmed that their species are Symphytum officinale Linnaeus. Samples were extracted by hot MeOH and ultra-sonification. Their extracts contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which was identified by TLC analysis. By spraying thin-layer chromatograms of pyrrolizidine alkaloids stable purple spots were developed. But the extracts of chicory, pumpkin and sesame leaves did not show any purple spots. Same HPLC pattern were displayed at about 30 min of retention show peaks an one and the same time.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.84-99
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• 2019

Dietary fiber is defined as soluble and insoluble polysaccharide consisted in the plant cell wall-associated fibers naturally occurring in fruits, vegetables, and cereal products, and of isolated fibers that are added to processed foods which are also artificially modified. There are so many difference types of dietary fibers as arabinoxylan, polydextrose chicory, oligosccharide. inulin, pectin, bran, cellulose, ${\beta}$-glucan, resistant starch and some seaweed polymers as alginate. Most of them provide many biological benefits in the intestine, as lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and some of the gastrointestinal disease like as colon cancer. And also lowering cholesterol levels, improves glycemic and insulin sensitivity to non-diabetic and diabetic persons including immune system. Beside of many benefits, average consumers in developed and under developing countries take far less amounts of dietary fiber that international organization recommended. Adequate intake of dietary fiber is 14g/1,000kcal base using the energy guide line of 2,000kcal/day for women and 26,000 kcal/day for men, dietary intake is 28g/day of adult women and 36g/day for adult men. The mechanisms behind the reported effects of dietary fiber on metabolic health are not fully well established. It is suggested that changes in intestinal viscosity resulting mucus increasing, macro-nutrients absorption, rate of passage of large intestinal, production of short chain fatty acids by fermentation. Production of gut hormones and changes of microbiota in intestine. It is necessary to do more research in this field in the future and combined interdisciplinary works together.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2021

This study evaluated the sanitation management standards for vegetable preparation processes without a cooking stage. The aerobic plate counts (APC), coliform counts, and Escherichia coli of the samples at each production step were analyzed, and microbial growth of the samples stored at different temperatures was measured. The validation was judged in accordance with the microbial criteria stipulated by the British PHLS. After washing and disinfection, the APCs of the two samples decreased to 3~4 log CFU/g in both seasons. Compared to the purchasing stage, the decrease in coliform counts was approximately 0~3 log CFU/g in both seasons; E. coli was not detected. The initial APC and coliform levels of two vegetable samples were 4~5 log CFU/g in both seasons, with an increase of 1 log CFU/g taking more than 6 h at 25℃ and 2 h at 35℃. More than 10 h at 25℃ and 6 h at 35℃ were required to increase the E. coli O157:H7 count by 1~2 log CFU/g for two seasoned samples. In conclusion, washing and disinfection effects and changes in microbial growth during room temperature storage were similar in the two vegetables. Despite the low sanitizing effect of the two vegetables, when cut vegetables were stored under the critical limit within 2 h at two different room temperatures, seasoned lettuce and chicory were at the 'satisfactory' or 'acceptable' levels of PHLS regardless of the storage temperatures. The validation of sanitation management standards applied to vegetable preparation with the no-cook step was approved.