• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C₃L₁), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C₂L₁), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C₁L₁) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M₃L₁), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M₂L₁), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M₁L₁) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C₃L₁ experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C₃L₁ experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

국내산 치커리 뿌리를 가공식품으로 개발하기 위한 기초자료 조사의 일환으로 여러 조건에서 볶음처리 하였을 때 화학성분을 조사하였다. 생치커리는 수분이 76.34%, 탄수화물 20.50%, 조단백질이 1.03%, 조지방 0.13%, 조섬유 1.02%, 회분 0.98% 이었으며, 건조치커리는 수분이 3.44%, 탄수화물 79.52%, 조단백질이 5.63%, 조섬유 5.51%, 회분 4.85%, 조지방 1.05%로 나타났다. 볶음조건에 따라 치커리의 수분함량은 $130^{\circ}C$와 $140^{\circ}C$에서는 볶음시간에 따라 서서히 감소하였으나, $150^{\circ}C$와 $160^{\circ}C$에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 모든 볶음온도 40분에서는 1.00%이하로 나타났다. 조단백질함량은 볶음온도와 볶음시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, $160^{\circ}C$, 40분에서는 1.60%의 함량을 나타내었다. 환원당 함량은 $130^{\circ}C$와 $140^{\circ}C$에서 볶음시간에 따라 서서히 감소하였으며, $160^{\circ}C$에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 무기물은 K는 $2,705.1{\sim}2,735.5mg%$, P는 $175.8{\sim}159.3mg%$, Ca는 $152.7{\sim}157.3mg%$, Mg는 $76.2{\sim}79.6mg%$ 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 볶음조건에 따른 함량 변화는 없었다. 볶음 조건에 따른 지방산의 함량변화는 지방산은 총 13종을 동정 확인되었으며, 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid이며, 볶음조건에 따른 지방산의 조성비는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.258-262
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• 1978

Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid in dried chicory root (moisture content 7.0%) are analyzed and subsequent results are as follows: Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total sugar and ash content in chicory root are 8.6%, 1.6 %, 6.9%, 58.5% and 4.2%, respectively. Mineral content of Ca, P, Fe, Mg and Si in the root are 1,560, 180, 10,600 and 180 mg%, respectively. Other minerals such as K, Na, Al, Zn, Ag, Cu and Ti are also determined. Unsaturated fatty acid content in total fat of the root is 65.4%, Particularly high in linoleic acid. Uridine-5'-diphospho-glucose, as sole nucleotide-sugar in the root, was detected.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.413-418
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• 1998

한국산 치커리 뿌리의 식품학적 가치를 재조명하기 위하여, 볶음온도$(120{\sim}180^{\circ}C)$와 볶음시간($10{\sim}40$분)을 달리하면서 치커리차의 품질에 관련된 관능적 및 기능적 특성의 변화를 검토하였다. 갈색도는 볶음이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 볶음조건별 치커리 추출물의 전자공여작용과 아질산염 소거작용은 볶음처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하면서, 무처리 대조구보다 각각 2배와 3.6배 정도의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 치커리의 볶음처리에 따른 페놀성 성분의 함량과 과산화물가 측정에 의한 항산화성의 변화는 볶음온도 $160^{\circ}C$, 볶음시간 30분에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 치커리차의 관능적 기호도는 볶음이 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하였으나, 고온에서 장시간 볶음시에는 기호도가 떨어져 볶음온도 $170^{\circ}C$, 볶음시간 30분 이상의 조건에서는 기호도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 볶음조건에 따른 치커리차 물추출물의 기능적 특성들 간의 상관관계에서 전자공여작용은 갈색도 및 페놀성 성분 함량과 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 치커리추출물의 항산화성과 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 아질산염 소거작용은 갈색도 및 전자공여작용과 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 1997

Chicory is used popularly. We use leaves of the plant as ordinary mea1, and roots as a substitute of tea materials. It also has been asserted that it has clinical effects on weakness, hepatic disease, diabetes, etc. However, experimental evidences are so insufficient that we started these studies. For antiinflammatory activity, MeOH Ex. was orally administered to rats, and decreased amounts of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection were measured. For bile secretion increament, rats were administered total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. respectively. One hour later, bile ducts were cannulated, and we collected bile every 20 minutes for 4 hours. For hepatoprotective activity, CCl$_4$-intoxicated mouse were treated with MeOH Ex., then s-GPT, S-GOT, and liver weight were measured. For antidiabetic activity, rats were induced diabetes by streptozocin 45mg/kg(i.v) injection. One week later, 1000mg/kg of total MeOH Ex. of chicory root was orally administered. We divided rats into three groups. Group 1 rats were administered only once, group 2 ones once a day for one week, and group 3 ones for three weeks. The concentrations of serum glucose were measured before and after administration. For antihypertensive activity, SHR were administrated total MeOH Ex. of chicory once a day for 8 days, and were measured blood pressure on 1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th day. Total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. increased bile secretion in rats, and decreased liver toxicity induced by CCl$_4$ in mouse. Total MeOH, Ex. of chicory roots has antiinflammatory effect, and decreased blood glucose concentration in group 2 and 3 rats. It was revealed not lowering blood pressure significantly in SHR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1444-1452
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• 2007

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in microbial activity of five faecal inocula from weaned pigs and one faecal inoculum from unweaned pigs in combination with 6 substrates. The substrates tested were negative control diet, corn, soybean meal, oligofructose (OF), ground chicory roots and a mixture (60% chicory pulp and 40% OF). The inocula used were derived from pigs fed either a corn-soy based diet without antibiotics (NCON), the NCON diet supplemented with oligofructose (OF), a mixture of chicory pulp (40%) and OF (60%) (MIX), ground chicory roots (CHR) or the NCON diet supplemented with antibiotics (PCON). The cumulative gas production measured fermentation kinetics and end products, such as total gas production, ammonia and volatile fatty acids, were also determined. Both the substrate and the inoculum significantly affected the fermentation characteristics. The cumulative gas production curve showed that different substrates caused more differences in traits of fermentation kinetics than the different inocula. Inocula of weaned pigs gave a significantly higher VFA production compared to the inoculum from unweaned animals, whilst the rate of fermentation and the total gas produced did not differ. OF showed the highest fermentation kinetics and the lowest $NH_3$, pH and OM loss compared to other substrates. It was concluded that the microbial activity was significantly affected by substrate and inoculum. Inoculum from weaned pigs had more potential for microbial fermentation of the carbohydrate ingredients and oligofructose than that of unweaned pigs. A combination of high and low polymer inulin may be more beneficial to the gut ecosystem than using high- or low-polymer inulin alone.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2003

Systematic analysis of caffeine from the commercial samples of Indian tea leaves was performed by a routine method and the content of caffeine was found to be 19.0-37.4 mg/100 g leaves. The caffeine contents from coffee seeds and chicory from Indian origin were analyzed and found to be 0.6540-1.4920 g/100 g seeds. Caffeine contents of roasted Indian chicory roots were lower than either those of Indian tea leaves or Indian coffee seeds. The multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing effects were tested on a mouse leukemia cell line of L-5178 cells by methanol extracts [M1-M15] of Indian tea leaves and coffee seeds, comparing to a control of $({\pm})-verapamil$. The effects were measured by fluorescence ratio between treated and untreated group cells. Among fifteen methanol extracts, a Gemini tea [M6] (fluorescence activity ratio 5.26) had the most potent effect for L-5178 cells. The extract M6 was 0.63-fold of $({\pm})-verapamil$. We suggest that one of mechanisms of reversal by M6 might have strong affinity to dopamine $D_1$ and D_2$ receptors. Further studies with many more tumor and normal cell lines are necessary to confirm the MDR reversal specificity of coffee methanol extracts.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2006

연구에서는 세정 및 표면살균처리 시스템을 개발 제작에 의한 세정, 표면살균처리 및 저장효과를 살펴보기 위해 치커리를 시료 로 수확후 저장기간별 품질평가를 실시하였다. 표면살균처리를 위해 오존수와 염소수를 사용한 결과 3 ppm 오존수와 염소수 100 ppm의 표면살균 처리는 미생물적 결과에서 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 두 살균수 모두 식품가공에 있어 제균력을 가지고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 처리 조건을 신선편이 치커리에 적용해본 결과 저장 조건에 있어서는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 시료들은 관능적 평가에 있어서 9일까지는 양호한 상태를 보였으나, 이화학적 특성인 총비타민C와 총클로로필 함량을 시험해보았을 때, 영양소적 손실을 보였고, $10^{\circ}C$에 저장한 치커리의 경우 6일 이후 급격히 상품가치를 잃었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 위생적이고 안전한 최 소가공 농산물의 생산을 위하여 기계세정을 이용한 공정시간의 단축과 살균과정을 이용하여 식품 안전성의 위험이 될 수 있는 미생물의 오염을 막을 수 있고, 오존수를 이용하여 염소수 소독에 의존하고 있는 일반적인 생산과정의 중점관리로 지적되었던 사항을 개선할 수 있는 새로운 위생관리 방안으로써 이용 가치 있다고 평가된다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L$^{-1}$ and 0.1 mg NAA L$^{-1}$ . Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 $1^{\circ}C$ 및 $5^{\circ}C$의 냉수와 $10^{\circ}C$의 지하수를 이용하여 세척한 후 PP film bag과 PETE tray로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 및 $10^{\circ}C$에서 9일간 저장하며 품질을 비교하였다. $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장하고 PP film bag에 보관한 세척하지 않은 치커리는 9일째 1.58%로 감모율이 가장 높았으나 $1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척 처리한 후 PETE tray에 담아 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 치커리는 0.14%로 감모율이 가장 낮게 나타났다. $1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척처리한 후 PEIT tray에 담아 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우 9일째 치커리의 호흡속도는 20.34 mg $CO_2/kg/hr$로 동일한 세척처리 후 PP film bag에 저장한 치커리의 호흡속도 26.12 mg $CO_2/kg/hr$보다 낮게 나타났다. 표면색의 변화에 있어서 시료별 개체차이가 심하여 L, a, b값의 유의적인 변화는 없었지만 저장 초기와 9일째를 비교하였을 경우 값이 전반적으로 다소 증가하였음을 알 수 있었고, 비타민 C는 $4^{\circ}C$의 저장고에서 저장한 경우가 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우보다 비타민 C함량이 높게 유지되었다. 미생물에 있어서는 $1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척 처리하고 PETE tray로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 후 9일째의 치커리는 총균수 $2.59{\times}10^5CFU/g$, 대장균군수 $6.80{\times}10^2CFU/g$로 미생물수의 증식속도가 가장 느렸다. $1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척하고 PETE tray로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$로 저장한 경우 치커리 고유의 초록색과 아삭한 조직감을 유지하고 있어 저온냉수 세척과 tray 포장이 세척 청경채의 선도 유지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.