• 약학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1979

The authors investigated the biodegradability and toxicity of polyoxyethylene-alkyl citric diester-triethanolamine(PAT), which is one of new non-ionic detergents. 1) The PAT is very biodegradable, which 50% is biodegraded for one day and 100% for eight days by the activated sludge treatment and 40% for one day and 93% for eight days by the aerobic domestic sewage treatment. 2) $LD_{50}$ of PAT for chicken, mouse, and rat by oral adminstration are 7.1g/kg, 8.4g/kg and 14.0g/kg reactively. 3) $TL_{m}$ of PAT for goldfish is 64.0mg/l in 24bours. 4) No reaction for humun skin is determined by PAT.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1853-1859
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on the growth performance, skin color, and carcass pigmentation. Methods: A total of 192 healthy 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers weighing an average of 1,279±81 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 8 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: i) CON group, fed with basal diet; ii) LTN group, supplemented with lutein; iii) MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigment including dehydrated lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-cryptoxanthin; iv) LTN+MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigment in proportion to 1:1. The supplementary content of LTN, MDP, and LTN+MDP was 2 g/kg. Skin color was measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of feeding the dietary treatments. The breast, thigh, and abdominal fat of slaughtered chickens were stored in cold storage at 4℃ for 24 hours and then the meat color of lightness (L^*), redness (a^*), and yellowness (b^*) values was determined. Results: The results showed that all treatments enhanced the yellow scores of subwing skin on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05), and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment promoted the yellow scores of shanks on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05). The mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment increased the yellow scores of beaks and all treatments enhanced the yellow of shanks on day 28 (p<0.05). In addition, all treatments improved the yellow (b^*) values of breast and thigh muscle, moreover, the monohydroxyl pigment and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment enhanced the values of redness (a^*) and yellow (b^*) of abdominal fat (p<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold significantly increased the yellow scores of skin color and the yellow (b^*) values of carcass pigmentation. Especially, the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment was more efficient on skin color.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 국내에서 소비되고 있는 육류인 소고기, 닭고기, 돼지고기의 부위별 비타민 K 함량을 분석, 비교하고, 사용된 분석법의 신뢰성을 확보하여 분석품질관리를 통한 국가표준식품성분 데이터베이스 구축 및 개정을 위한 자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 모든 부위별 육류에서 비타민 K₁은 검출되지 않았고, 비타민 K₂는 소간과 선지, 천엽 생것(raw)을 제외한 모든 부위에서 검출되었으며, 육류의 종류 및 부위 그리고 조리방법에 따라 함량의 차이가 나타남을 확인하였다. 소고기의 부위별 비타민 K₂ 함량은 0.00-5.87 ㎍/100 g, 닭고기의 부위별 비타민 K₂ 함량은 16.59-46.64 ㎍/100 g이었으며, 돼지고기는 부위별로 4.33-22.90 ㎍/100 g의 범위를 나타내었다. 삶은 닭고기(meat and skin)의 비타민 K₂ 함량이 46.64 ㎍/100 g로 모든 부위별 육류 중 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 비타민 K 분석법에 대해 정확성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계를 검증하였으며, 비타민 K₁과 비타민 K₂ 모두 높은 정확성과 직선성을 확인하여 분석품질관리를 통해 분석을 진행한 기간 동안 모든 육류 시료에 대해 분석이 신뢰성 있게 진행되었음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분석된 부위별 육류의 비타민 K 함량은 정확한 영양성분 정보와 국가표준식품성분표 개정을 위한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2011

The commercial Korean native chickens (WR_CC) was developed by crossing a few native chicken breeds in Korea. In order to investigate the breed identification markers, SNPs from TYR gene and MC1R gene, which are associated with skin and feather colors respectively, were initially identified. In case of 3 identified SNPs in the TYR gene, yellow shank color was identified in Loss, Harvard, AA, RIR and CC, which have the fixed SNPs in most of the animals. On the other hand, SNP variations were observed in KNC_RB, C_B, WR_CC and HH_CC, which have the black, yellow and mixed color with black and yellow shank colors. Also, the investigation of 3 SNPs in the MC1R gene indicated that there were associations between shank and feather colors in RIR, SF, KNC_B, C_B and RIR. However, these results are not consistent among breeds. These SNP type inconsistencies within breeds suggested that the selection was performed based on the phenotypes, which is not include the genotype information. Thus, selection based on genetic information is required in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

A food allergy is an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a given food. In those with food allergies that are thought to cause aggravation of eczema, food avoidance is important. The objective of this study was to research the nutritional status of patients with food allergies. A total of 225 subjects diagnosed with atopic dermatitis underwent a skin prick test as well as measurement of serum immunoglobulin E. Food challenge tests were conducted using seven food items: milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, beef, pork, and chicken. At post-food challenge visits to the test clinic, participants completed a three-day dietary record, which included two week days and one weekend day, in order to evaluate energy intake and diet quality during the challenge. We analyzed nutrient intake based on differential food allergens. Subjects with a food allergy to milk showed lower intake of Ca, Zn, and vitamin B2, and subjects with a food allergy to egg showed lower intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, niacin, and cholesterol. Subjects with a food allergy to wheat and soybean showed lower intake of Ca, P, Fe, K, Zn, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and niacin; and subjects with a food allergy to beef, pork, and chicken showed lower intake of Fe and higher intake of K, vitamin A, B2. Subjects with atopic dermatitis were lacking in several nutrients, including vitamin A and vitamin C. A greater number of food allergies showed an association with a greater number of nutrient intake deficiencies. Allergen avoidance is the basic treatment for atopic dermatitis. However, when the allergen is food, excessive restriction can lead to nutrition deficiency. Findings of this study suggest the necessity for enhanced nutritional education in order to provide substitute foods for patients with food allergies who practice food restriction.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2008

This study examined the ingredients and cooking methods of side dishes in "Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub" during the year of 1924, approximately. In the recipe for Tang (Guk), there was much use of various parts of beef, fish, shellfish, vegetables, and mushrooms, and soybean paste, hot pepper paste, and soy sauce were used as seasonings. For Chootang and Byulchootang, cinnamon powder was added at the end of cooking. In foods such as Tang (Guk), Gigimi, Chigye, Chim, and steamed dishes, which were made of beef, pork, chicken, various fish, Chinese cabbage, and over ripened cucumbers, and thickened by adding buckwheat powder or wheat powder, the taste of the food was changed by controlling the gravy content. In the recipe for Gorim-Cho, ingredients such as beef, pork, chicken, and various fish were used, which were cooked in boiling water and soy sauce. Boiling or steaming were employed as the cooking methods for Baeksuk, where beef rib Baeksuk was seasoned with salt and fermented shrimp and then boiled. For porgy and herring Baeksuk, the internal organs of the fish were first removed, and then they were steamed with pine needles. Hoei incorporated the flesh of various meats, various beef organs, pork skin, and fish as ingredients, and different dipping sauces and pine nut powder were also used.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 초분광 형광영상과 반사영상 융합을 이용한 닭의 종양인식방법을 제안하였다. 형광영상에 밴드비율을 적용하여 피부의 정상과 종양부분을 구분한다. 이를 위해 각각 부분의 확률밀도함수의 중첩된 면적을 최소화하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이 방법으로 획득한 4개의 특정영상에 분할-합병법을 적용하여 형광영상 분류결과를 얻었다. 반사영상 분석에서는 단일 밴드가 정보량에 주는 영향에 근거하여 밴드 선택 방법을 제안하였다. 학습데이터에 의해 투영 축을 선택하는 선형변환을 정의함으로써 영상분류에 효과적인 많은 특징을 확보하였다. 이에 따라 반사영상에서도 세밀한 영상의 해석이 가능하였고 특징 선택의 자동화를 실현하였다. 반사영상에서 획득한 특정영상도 분할-합병법으로 분류하였으며 형광영상의 분류결과와 융합하여 종양을 인식하였다. 모의실험을 통해 제안한 방법은 기존의 방법에 비해 오인식이 낮음을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.657-663
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• 1996

The API STAPH system was compared with conventional methods for identification of 214 strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from cases of exudative epidermitis in piglets, skin of healthy pigs, skin of healthy chickens and bovine intramammary infections, and biochemical characteristics among the swine, avian and bovine strains were also compared. All of the swine and bovine strains produced acid within 24 hours from fructose, lactose and trehalose by conventional methods, but some of the avian strains showed a delayed positive reaction in these carbohydrates. These delayed positive strains in conventional methods gave usually negative results for them in the API STAPH system. With the API STAPH system, eighteen different profile numbers were encountered in 214 strains of swine, avian and bovine origin. The swine and bovine strains, respectively, were distributed among 4 profiles, while the avian strains were distributed among 17 profiles. The profile number observed most frequently in the strains of each animal species was uniformly 6 516 153. By conventional methods, approximately 96% of the swine strains were positive for ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, but not in any strains from chickens and cattle. For hyaluronidase production determined by degradation of sodium hyaluronidate in a solid culture medium, all the swine and bovine strains were positive, but only 37.5% of the avian strains were positive for it. From these findings, there were differences in the production of extracellular active substances between swine strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and those isolated from chickens and cattle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.711-720
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of eri silkworm pupae meal (Samia ricini) to add to the broiler diet. Methods: Two hundred 1-day-old male chicks with initial weight at 50.03±0.56 g/chick were divided into four groups (five replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate): a control group fed a corn-soybean diet and experimental groups supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% eri silkworm pupae meal. All experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated respecting nutrient requirements. Growth performances were collected during the experimental period and other parameters were collected at the end of experiment when broilers reached thirty-eight days old. Results: A higher cold carcass weight and skin yellowness in the broilers fed 10% eri silkworm pupae meal compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 10% eri silkworm pupae meal is suggested for the broiler diet formulation because it did not cause any serious negative consequences on growth performance, health status, carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, the usage of eri silkworm pupae meal at 15% is not recommend because it led to negative outcomes Conclusion: The addition of eri silkworm pupae at 10% can be used as an alternative protein sources for broiler chickens which provided benefits on cold carcass weight and skin yellowness without adverse effects.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

생존계로부터 체내지방축적함량을 추정할 수 있는 육종 기초자료를 얻기 위한 연구이었다. 공시계는 White Plymouth Rock C계통으로. 부계 13수와 모계 52수간에서 생산된 429수이었고 모든 자료는 8주령에 도살하여 얻었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생체종은 암수 각각 1,856g과 1,483g으로서 상용종계의 정상범위였고, 체중에 대한 각부위％는 수컷에 비하여 암컷이 낮았다. 2. 체지방 총량％는 암컷이 수컷보다 유의적으로 높았고. 피부지방량과 복강지방량의 비율도 암컷이 높았다. 3. 체중에 대한 각부위내 축적지방량의 비율이 대형군에서 다소 높기 때문에 체중에 대한 체지방총량의 비는 대형군에서 높았다. 4. 비만군의 개체들은 저지방군에 비하여 각 부위 체중이 모두 크고, 또 체중에 대한 이들 비율 역시 비만군에서 높았다. 5. 체중과 각부위내 축적지방양간에는 비교적 높은 상관도를 보이는데 비하여 체중과 체중에 대한 체지방총양비율 및 피부나 박피도체내 지방％간에는 상관이 낮았다. 6. 체중의 유전력은 암수 다같이 높았으며 모체효과가 작용하는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 피부체중이나 복강지방총량의 유전력은 0.20이하로 낮았다. 7. 체지방총양의 유전력은 낮고. 체중에 대한 체지방총양의 유전력은 중정도이며. 이들은 모두 모분산성분에 추정치가 커서 모체효과가 작용한 것으로 판단되었다. 피부내 지방％와 함량의 유전력과 복강지방양의 유전력은 모두 중정도(0.20∼0.30)였다. 8. 체중과 각 형질간 유전상관에서 각피도체내지방％. 피부지방％, 그리고 체지방 총량비율등은 부상관을 보이는 반면. 체지방총양, 각피도체지방, 그리고 피부지방량등은 정상관을 나타냈다. 9. 복강지방량과 박피도체내 지방％, 박피도체지방량, 피부내 지방％, 그리고 피부지방함총간 유전상관은 암수 모두 낮은 반면. 피부지방량과 각피도체내 지방％. 그리고 도체지방 함양간에는 높은 상관을 보인다. 따라서 선발에 의해서 복강지방량을 감소시킬 때 도체내 지방％나 축적지방량에_ 큰 영향은 받지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 이상을 종합하면 비만계는 체내지방％가 높고 체중도 무겁지만. 실체중과 체중에 대한 체지방총량비간에는 상관도가 낮기 때문에 체중의 감소 없이 체지방량을 줄일 수 있으며, 근육내 지방량을 현저히 줄이지 않고서도 복강지방을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.