• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

근대이전 동아시아의 상류사회는 시서화 삼위일체의 통합체제를 유지해왔고 이에 따라 정원조성의 원리 또한 산수화의 작화원리를 참조하며 발전해 왔다. 본 연구는 중국의 산수화론과 원림론을 비교, 양자 간의 상호관계를 검토함으로써 동양그림의 경관관이 원림의 작정원리에 미친 영향을 고찰하고자 하였다. 양자 간의 비교는 내용과 형식의 양 측면에서 이루어졌다. 여기서 내용은 주로 가치와 의미 등 비가시적 측면을 말하고, 형식은 주로 시각과 공간 등 가시적 측면을 말한다. 먼저 산수화론에 있어 내용면의 주요 주제는 무엇보다도 '기운생동(氣韻生動)'이었다. 이는 음양사상을 기반으로한 동양문화 고유의 가치인데, 남조의 사혁이 이론화한 것이다. 이에 대응하는 원림론의 주요 주제는 '풍수(風水)'와 '의경(意境)'이었다. 풍수 역시 음양사상을 기반으로 한 지기(地氣)의 원리이고, '의경'이란 시서화 공동의 가치로서 마음의 경지를 의미하는데, 특히 원림론에서는 가시적 경관 이면의 상징적 의미를 말하고 있다. 형식면에서 산수화론의 두드러진 주제는 북송조 곽희에 의해 정립된 '삼원법(三遠法)'이라는 일종의 동양화의 투시도법으로 다원적 조망을 특징으로 한다. 이에 대응하는 원림론의 주제는 '인지(因地)'와 '차경(借景)'으로 명조의 계성이 이론화하였으며, 각각 대상지 내외부 경관자원의 조성과 차용을 의미한다. 특히 차경의 세목들은 삼원법의 각 관점에 대응하고 있다. 결론적으로 동아시아 원림론에 등장하는 주요 개념들은 화론과 매우 긴밀하게 연관되어 있었으며 이로서 원림술은 예술의 한 분야로 인정받아 왔다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.336-345
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• 1999

This study looks at the various alternative therapy methods used in day to day life by elderly, over 60 years of age. The elderly have come to know and practice these methods for the following reasons it is good for the health ; it is the method used in the of fen days when there wesn't modern medicine ; it has been passed down from generations ; it can be done at home without having the need to go to the hospital ; acupuncture or poulticing can be used ; it can be done at home, which was an important factor in rural areas where hospitals are few and far between ; and 〔herbal〕 medicine could be prepared at home at no cost ; it derives from experience ; it is impossible to ignore tradition passed down through the generations. Diet control and plants (herbs) are methods most often used. as they are easy to find and can be readily used in critical situations. Other methods include oriental medicine practices of moxibustion with moxa cone, negative therapy, hand and finger acupunture, finger press method. ordinary acupunture, manual healing methods of massage. diaphoretic therapy and meditation to reach a state of calm, and qigong dirigation. The reasons for its use are as follows ; it has been used before ; it is effective ; there is some improvement after the treatment ; it is not harmful to the body ; medicine cannot be obtained and it is the only thing available ; it is not good for an old person to go to the hospital everyday. the symptoms are not serious enough to go to a hospital : and acupuncture is for these things. The means that the elderly have come to practice these methods are : it has been used since the past ; it has been told by the elders ; they have been told by friends ; it was part of their knowledge ; and they have come to know by watching their mother. Further, to regain vitality lost through old age, the elderly have relied on hot soup. a hearty meal. brewed honey water, pumpkin, or ginseng. Humans, by instinct. would rub or massage the areas that caused pain. These actions, combined with a breathing technique have been recognized in Tong-Eui-Bo-Gam(the essential of eastern medicine), the complete work of early modern medicine, are a useful means to revive chi(기). This knowledge is thought to have greatly affected our heathy lifestyle. Furthermore, though the demand for medical services would increase with age, the elderly have not always been able to tend to their needs at the hospital for reasons economic or other. Hence, these alternative therapy methods seem to have been practiced as a temporary means of relief. The excellence of our traditional therapeutic custom has not received full recognition due to the argument relating to its scientific merits. As a result, it has become vital to prove their effectiveness through scientific and other experimental means. The potency of moxibustion with moxa cone and hand and finger acupunture have been proven scientifically. but diet and herbal methods appear to be practiced as a result of customs passed down from generations. In addition, it is submitted that the effectiveness of the traditional methods of disease control and our heathy lifestyle that are easily found in the nursing field must be verified.