• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2020

기관 내 평활근종은 중간엽 세포 유래의 변형된 세포로 구성되어 있다. 초기 흉부 X선 사진에서 간과된 기관 내 종양의 평가에 있어서 디지털 단층촬영술의 유용성을 보여준 기관 내 평활근종의 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2004

유독성 물질의 흡인은 화학성 폐렴을 유발하며 이는 직업성 폐질환의 한 원인이다. 질산은 흔한 대기 오염물질의 한가지이고 작업장에서 사용되는 강력한 산화제로 직업적 노출의 가능성이 있다. 52세 남자 환자가 질산을 이용한 에어컨 도관 세척작업 중에 발생한 증기의 흡입 후 기침, 호흡곤란을 호소하며 병원에 방문하였다. 내원 당시 호흡수 분당 26회였고, 산소 투여 없이 시행한 동맥혈 가스분석에서 $PaO_2$ 42.6 mmHg, $SaO_2$ 80.2%로 저산소혈증이 나타났으며, 흉부 방사선 검사에서 양측폐야에 미만성 폐침윤과 젖빛유리 음영이 나타났다. 환자는 전신적인 스테로이드를 사용하지 않고, 보존적인 치료만으로 입원 2일째부터 임상적인 증상과 방사선 사진의 호전이 있었고 퇴원 후 폐기능의 손상 없이 호전되었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Background: A novel 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and disseminated to all over the world. There are few reports on the clinical characteristics of patients with complications. We describe the clinical features of pneumonia in adult patients hospitalized, who have novel influenza infection. Methods: There were 43 adult patients enrolled into the study with pneumonia of 528 hospitalized patients confirmed influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, between 24 August 2009 and 31 January 2010. The clinical data of patients with pneumonia were collected retrospectively. Results: There were 22 of 43 (51.2%) influenza patients with pneumonia that had higher risk factors for complications. Compared to 28 patients with influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia and 15 patients, who had isolated bacteria from cultures, those with mixed viral and bacterial pneumonia were significantly more likely to have unilobar consolidations on chest radiographs (53.3 vs. 10.7%, p<0.01) and higher scores of pneumonia severity index (PSI; 90 [66~100] vs. 53 [28~90], p=0.04). Six patients required mechanical ventilation support in an Intensive Care Unit and were more likely to have dyspnea (83.3 vs. 29.3%, p=0.02) and low levels of $PaO_2$ (48.3 [37.0~70.5] vs 64.0 [60.0~74.5] mm Hg, p=0.02) and high levels of pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (108.0 [74.5~142.8] vs. 56.0 [40.5~91.0], p=0.03). Conclusion: The majority of pneumonia patients infected with novel influenza improved. Chest radiographic findings of unilobar consolidations suggest that mixed pneumonia is more likely. Initial dyspnea, hypoxemia, and high levels of PSI score are associated with undergoing mechanical ventilation support.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been reported to be associated with a variety of medical and surgical conditions, including All-trans-retinoic acid (ATTA). ATRA is very efficaceous drug to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This drug can induce complete remission at APL without fatal risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. But ATRA treatment, sometimes, produces the symptoms of fever, weight gain and acute respiratory distress, renal function impairment. The causes of these symptoms are not fully proved, but supposed as the result of leukostasis and capillary leak syndrome from excessive leukocyte differentiation and cytokines release. Recently, we experienced a 24-year-old woman who complained gum bleeding for 6 days. At bone marrow biopsy, she was diagnosed as APL. 2 days after ATRA treatment, she was suffered from the symptoms of dyspnea and general ache. At laboratory examination, total leukocyte count was 50,400/$mm^3$, $PaO_2$ was 42.5 mm Hg and chest PA revealed the findings compatible with ARDS. Treatment with low dose ara-C, corticosteroid and general supportive cares were tried. Within 3 days after treatment, the patient recovered from ARDS by evidence of arterial blood gas study and chest radiographs. She has acquired complete remission of APL with maintenance of A TRA. And so, we present this case with a review of related literatures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.212-215
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• 1998

폐의 저악성 점액성 낭종은 보고된 예가 매우 드물며 기관지성 낭종 및 뮤신을 분비하는 기관지폐포암 형태의 선암과 감별이 필요하다. 63 세의 여자환자로서 흉부단순촬영 사진에서 우측 폐하엽에서 종괴가 관찰되었다. 술전 경피생검상에서 기관지폐포암으로 진단되었고 우측 폐하엽 절제술 및 임파절 제거술을 시행하였다. 절제된 폐내에서 다양한 크기의 다발성 낭성 종괴들이 보였고 종괴내에는 점액으로 채워져 있었다. 현미경상에서 낭종은 키가 큰 주상구조의 점액성 상피세포들로 구성되어 있었고 한정된 일부분에서 기관지폐포암양 병소가 관찰되었으나 기관지폐포암과 비교하여 세포의 비정형성(atypism)은 부족하였다. 수술후 환자는 합병증없이 퇴원하였고 12개월 추적관찰에서 재발이나 원격전이 소견은 보이지 않았다. 폐의 저악성 점액성 낭종은 술후 예후가 상당히 좋은 것으로 보고 되고 있으며 폐에서 발생하는 다른 신생물과는 감별이 필요할 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.321-330
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• 1993

Purpose: A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of radiation induced lung damage after the radiation therapy for the patients with carcinoma of the lung. Method and Materials: Sixty-six patients with lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma 27, adenocarcinoma 14, large cell carcinoma 2, small cell carcinoma 13, unknown 10) were treated with definitive, postoperative or palliative radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy between July 1987 and December 1991. There were 50 males and 16 females with median age of 63 years (range: 33~80 years). Total lung doses ranged from 500 to 6,660 cGy (median 3960 cGy) given in 2 to 38 fractions (median 20) over a range or 2 to 150 days (median in days) using 6 MV or 15 MV linear accelerator. To represent different fractionation schedules of equivalent biological effect, the estimated single dose (ED) model, $ED=D{\dot}N^{-0.377}{\dot}T^{-0.058}$ was used in which D was the lung dose in cGy, N was the number of fractions, and T was the overall treatment time in days. The range of ED was 370 to 1357. The endpoint was a visible increase in lung density within the irradiated volume on chest X-ray as observed independently by three diagnostic radiologists. Patients were grouped according to ED, treatment duration, treatment modality and age, and the percent incidence of pulmonary damage for each group was determined. Result: In 40 of 66 patients, radiation induced change was seen on chest radiographs between 11 days and 314 days after initiation of radiation therapy. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis was increased according to increased ED, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Roentgenographic changes consistent with radiation pneumonitis were seen in $100\%$ of patients receiving radiotherapy after lobectomy or pneumonectomy, which was not statistically significant. In 32 patients who also received chemotherapy, there was no difference in the incidence of radiation induced change between the group with radiation alone and the group with radiation and chemotherapy, among the sequence of chemotherapy No correlation was seen between incidence of radiation pneumonitis and age or sex. Conclusions: The occurrence of radiation pneumonitis varies. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis depends on radiation total dose, nature of fractionation, duration of therapy, and modifying factors such as lobectomy or pneumonectomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2005

Background : The development of bronchoscopic equipment along with the precision of radiographic techniques had reduced the mortality rate of patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies but has been no change in the incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies since their introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of a tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality in children and adults. Methods : This is a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent bronchoscopic procedures for the treatment of aspirated foreign bodies from December 1994 through March 2004 at the Chonnam national university hospital. Results : There were 47 males and 17 females, aged from 1 month to 78 years. Most of the patients had no underlying illness except for one patient with a cerebrovascular accident that contributed to the foreign body aspiration. The most common symptom was cough, which was noted in 54 patients (84.3%). The other presenting symptoms were dyspnea (48.8%), fever (20.3%), sputum (14%), vomiting (7.8%), and chest pain (4.6%). Those whose tracheobronchial foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration (21 patients) were more likely to have pneumonia than those whose foreign bodies were diagnosed within 2 days (p = 0.009). Foreign bodies were visualized in the plain chest radiographs in 12 cases (18.8%), while others showed air trapping (21, 32.8%), pneumonia (15, 23.4%), atelectasis (7, 10.9%), and normal findings (9, 14.1%). The foreign bodies were more frequently found in the right bronchial tree (36) compared with the left bronchial tree (22, p = 0.04). In order to remove the foreign bodies, twenty (31.2%) cases were removed using flexible bronchoscopy, while 42 (65.6%) and 2 (3.2%) cases required rigid bronchoscopy and surgery, respectively. Conclusions : Tracheobronchial Foreign body aspiration had a bimodal age distribution in the infancy and old age around 60 years. They were found more frequently in the right bronchial tree. In addition, patients whose foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration were more likely have a infection. Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for uncooperative children and for those with foreign bodies lodged deeply in the small bronchial tree.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1918-1928
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• 2021

Objective: With the recent development of various MRI-conditional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), the accurate identification and characterization of CIEDs have become critical when performing MRI in patients with CIEDs. We aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning-based algorithm (DLA) that performs the detection and characterization of parameters, including MRI safety, of CIEDs on chest radiograph (CR) in a single step and compare its performance with other related algorithms that were recently developed. Materials and Methods: We developed a DLA (X-ray CIED identification [XCID]) using 9912 CRs of 958 patients with 968 CIEDs comprising 26 model groups from 4 manufacturers obtained between 2014 and 2019 from one hospital. The performance of XCID was tested with an external dataset consisting of 2122 CRs obtained from a different hospital and compared with the performance of two other related algorithms recently reported, including PacemakerID (PID) and Pacemaker identification with neural networks (PPMnn). Results: The overall accuracies of XCID for the manufacturer classification, model group identification, and MRI safety characterization using the internal test dataset were 99.7% (992/995), 97.2% (967/995), and 98.9% (984/995), respectively. These were 95.8% (2033/2122), 85.4% (1813/2122), and 92.2% (1956/2122), respectively, with the external test dataset. In the comparative study, the accuracy for the manufacturer classification was 95.0% (152/160) for XCID and 91.3% for PPMnn (146/160), which was significantly higher than that for PID (80.0%,128/160; p < 0.001 for both). XCID demonstrated a higher accuracy (88.1%; 141/160) than PPMnn (80.0%; 128/160) in identifying model groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The remarkable and consistent performance of XCID suggests its applicability for detection, manufacturer and model identification, as well as MRI safety characterization of CIED on CRs. Further studies are warranted to guarantee the safe use of XCID in clinical practice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.870-878
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• 2000

목적 : 초진시 흉부 X-선 소견상 경증의 폐결핵 병변을 보이면서 활동성 미정으로 판독되었을 때, 객담 검사장 결핵균이 검출되지 않은 경우가 많아 그러한 환자군에서 결핵의 활동성 평가를 위한 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상의 가치를 확인하고, 일반적으로 평면영상보다 민감도와 정확도가 높다고 알려진 SPECT과의 비교 분석을 통해 두 검사간의 유용성올 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년 6월부터 1999년 12월까지 본원 내과에 내원 한 환자 중 최초 흉부 X-선 소견상 경증의 폐결핵 병변을 보이면서 활동성 미정으로 판독된 69예를 대상으로 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상과 SPECT를 동시에 시행하였다. 결과 : 전체 대상환자 69예 중 최종 활동성 폐결핵으로 판정된 37예 중 객담 결핵균 도말 검사에서 8예(22%), 객담 배양검사에서 8예(22%)가 균양성 이었으며，임상적으로 항결핵제를 투약하여 6개월 지나 추적 검사한 흉부 X-선에서 호전을 보인 경우가 21예 (57%)였다. 최종 활동성으로 판정된 37예 중 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상에서 섭취 소견이 보인 경우는 24예(65%), 섭취소견이 보이지 않은 경우가 13예(35%)였으며, SPECT에서 섭취 소견이 보인 경우는 25예(68%), 섭취소견이 보이지 않은 경우가 12예(32%)였다(Table 2). 최종 비활동성 폐결핵으로 판정된 32예 중 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상에서는 모든 예에서 섭취 소견이 보이지 않았고, SPECT에서 섭취 소견이 보이지 않은 경우가 31예(97%), 섭취 소견이 보인 경우가 1예(3%)였다. 결론 : X-선 소견상 경증의 폐결핵 병변을 보이면서 활동성 미정인 폐결핵 환자의 활동성 판정에 있어서 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상은 민감도가 65%, 특이도가 100%, 음성 예측율이 71.1%이고, SPECT은 민감도가 68%, 특이도가 97%, 음성 예측율이 72.1%로 나타났다. 흉부 X-선 소견에서 초진시 활동성 미정으로 판독된 경증 폐결핵 환자에서 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상과 SPECT은 초진시 활동성 여부 판정에 모두 유용한 것으로 사료되며 $^{67}Ga$ 평면영상과 SPECT의 비교분석에서 민감도와 특이도, 음성예측율에서도 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 발견하지 못하였다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2019

목적: 인공관절 치환술 및 고관절 골절 환자에서 시행한 2가지 정맥혈전 색전증 예방요법의 준수율을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 수술 후 발생하는 정맥혈전 색전증은 인공 슬관절 치환술이나 인공 고관절 치환술 및 고관절 골절 수술 후 발생하는 가장 심각한 합병증이다. 이에 대한 적절한 예방이 무엇보다 중요하기 때문에 항응고제 사용의 필요성 또한 증가하고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년 3월부터 2011년 2월, 2012년 3월부터 2014년 2월까지 순천향대학교 부속 서울병원에서 인공 슬관절 치환술, 고관절 전치환술 및 고관절 골절로 고관절 반치환술 및 내고정술을 시행받은 환자들을 의무 기록과 영상 검사를 검토하여 각각 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 가이드라인과 American College of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) 가이드라인에 따라 시행한 정맥혈전 색전증 예방요법의 준수율을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 인공관절 치환술 및 고관절 골절 환자에서 정맥혈전 색전증 예방을 위한 가이드라인이 적용되고 있으며 실제로 ACCP 가이드 라인에 따라 준수하고 있는 경우가 화학적 요법에서는 수술 전에 56.0%, 수술 후에는 67.0%, 물리적 요법에서는 80.5%의 준수율을 보였다. 또한 AAOS 가이드라인에 따라 준수하고 있는 경우가 화학적 요법에서는 74.1%, 물리적 요법에서는 88.3%의 준수율을 보이며 ACCP 가이드라인에 비해 높은 준수율을 보였다. ACCP 가이드라인의 수술 전 후 화학적 예방요법과 물리적 예방요법의 준수율과 AAOS 가이드라인의 화학적 예방요법과 물리적 예방요법의 준수율을 비교 분석하였으며, 인공 슬관절 치환술의 수술 전과 후, 고관절 골절 수술의 수술 전과 후, 전체 고위험군 수술에서 수술 전과 후 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론: 정맥혈전 색전증 고위험군 수술에서 정맥혈전 색전증 예방요법의 가이드라인에 따른 준수율을 전반적으로 높여서 적절한 예방이 이루어지도록 해야 하며, 일선 정형외과의를 위한 통일된 방향의 가이드라인이 필요할 것이다.