• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 1997

Multiple phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit in RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is thought to play an important role in the transcription cycle. The preinitiation complex in a partially purified complete transcription system suggested that RNA polymerase IIA containing unphosphorylated CTD is involved in complex assembly, whereas RNA polymerase IIO containing Ser and Thr phosphorylated CTD is not involved in preinitiation complex assembly. Recently a minimal transcription system was developed which requires chemically defined minimal components for its transcription: TBP, TFIIB, TFIIF, RNAP II and a supercoiled adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad-2 MLP). It would be using interesting to determine the consequence of CTD phosphorylation on preinitiation complex formation using the minimal transcription system. Contrary to the results from the partially purified complete transcription system, both RNA polymerase IIA and IIO are equally recruited in the preinitiation complex formation. The discrepancy may result from the two different assays used to determine complex formation, the use of chemically undefined complete and defined minimal transcription systems. This implicates that some factors in the complete transcription system are involved in the distinction between RNAP IIA and IIO in complex assembly. In addition multiple tyrosine phosphorylation of the CTD of RNAP II was prepared with c-Abl kinase and its recruiting ability in the preinitiation complex was examined. Compare with Ser and Thr phosphorylated RNAP IIO, Tyr phosphorylated RNAP IlOy forms a stable preinitiation complex in both the minimal and complete transcription systems. Based on these results, it seems that tyrosine phosphorylation of the CTD is important in the transcription cycle on the special subset of class-II promoter or has a different role in the transcription process.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.18 s.18
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2006

Dujeong-dong site of Cheonan is known as the site of Baekje period in the first half of the fourth century. This study investigated the visible properties and the chemical composition of the 18 pieces of the glass found in the site, and considered scientific properties and periodic interrelationship of the glass on the basis of the analysis result. The observation of the visible properties and microstructure of ancient glass was performed with both an electron microscope and an optical microscope, and the chemical composition was conducted by way of both quantitative and qualitative analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). In the analysis result, various chemical composition systems are identified in the glass beads of Dujeong-dong site, such as lead-barium, soda and potash glass, and also different shapes were found such as gold foil glass beads, tubular beads, and round beads. It is estimated that the classification of glass by means of its chemical composition was also closely related to the color of glass.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.435-449
• /
• 2010

Soils in the sloping uplands in Korea are subject to intensive land use with high input of agrochemicals and are vulnerable to soil erosion. Development of the environmentally sound land management strategy is essential for a sustainable production system in the sloping upland. This report addresses the status of upland agriculture and the best management practices for the uplands toward the sustainable agriculture. More than 60% of Korean lands are forest and only 21% are cultivating paddy and upland. Uplands are about 7% of the total lands and about 62% of the uplands are in the slopes higher than 7%. Due to the site-specificity of the upland, many managerial and environmental problems are occurring, such as severe erosion, shallow surface soils with rocky fragments, and loadings of non-point source (NPS) contaminants into the watershed. Based on the field trials, most of the sloping uplands were classified as Suitability Class III-V and the major limiting factor was slope and rock fragments. Due to this, soils were over-applied with N fertilizer, even though N rate was the recommendation. This resulted in decreases in yield, degradation of soil quality and increases in N loading to the leachate. Various case studies drew management practices toward sustainable production systems. The suggested BMP on the managerial, vegetative, and structural options were to practice buffer strips along the edges of fields and streams, winter cover crop, contour and mulching farming, detention weir, diversion drains, grassed waterway, and slope arrangement. With these options, conservation effects such as reductions in raindrop impact, flow velocity, runoff and sediment loss, and rill and gully erosion were observed. The proper management practice is a key element of the conservation of the soil and water in the sloping upland.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2019

To address tremendous needs for developing efficiently heat dissipating material with lightweights, a new class of polymer possessing recyclable and malleable characteristics was synthesized for incorporating model functional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) filler. A good interfacial affinity between the polymer matrix and the filler along with shear force generated upon manufacturing the composite yielded the final product bearing highly aligned filler via simple hot pressing method. For this reason, the composite exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 13.8 W/mK. Moreover, it was possible to recover the h-BN from the composite without physical/chemical denaturation of the filler by chemically depolymerizing the matrix, thus the recovered filler can be re-used in the future. We believe this polymer could be beneficial as matrix for incorporating many other functional fillers, thus they may find applications in various polymeric composite related fields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.131-131
• /
• 2017

Though the Platycodon grandiflorum, has a broad range of pharmacologic properties, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). Taken together, the protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and its metabolic activities in various explants of this essential medicinal plant P. grandiflorum.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.23
• /
• pp.63-106
• /
• 1992

The opening period of Korea was the period of modernisation amidst the conflicts between conservative and progressive sections with penetration of Western powers after 1876. With the opening modernisation accompanied modernisation of education. Missionary schools established by protestant missionaries played a crucial role in educational modernisation in the period of opening. In this article, the process of educational modernisation and the ways in which the ideas of democracy and equality were taught in the earliest schools, Paejae, Ewha, Kyoungsin and Chungsin are analysed through the method of bibliographical investigation of the textbooks used by these schools. No textbook prior to 1900 was found and in general there were no textbooks such as we know today. Usually English reading material and the Bible were the main teaching materials. Teachers kept their own copies of hand-written texts which were translated versions of American textbook. Since the same teacher taught in a number of schools, they shared same curriculum. In the early period, English Bible was taught so that English and the Bible lessons were not separated but gradually history and geography were added. Teaching of Hangul, and Korean history were added to encourage the sense of national identity and patriotism. In the case of Chungsin, for biology class, pupils were sent to Che-jung-won to learn human physiology, chemistry and physics, which shows an emphasis on science education. Vocational education was carried out; in the case of Paejae, a printing workshop was set up enabling students to earn some money at the same time as learning. Also in Kyungsin, skills of woodwork and basket weaving were stressed. Ewha also held a bazaar of the work made in sewing classes. Establishment of missionary schools brought about a great contribution in modernising Korean society and the Christian spiritual education of these schools lay the foundation for building democracy in Korea.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze STEAM learning/teaching program that relates robots and to develop and redesign STEAM teaching/learning program with a robot for elementary and secondary schools. 'Learning with a robot' is considered as one of the best candidates for STEAM education. This article mainly concerns a robot that can be helpful to improve students' interests in learning science and mathematics in schools. As the results of the STEAM learning/teaching program analyzing, the program for elementary schools contained more contents of liberal arts and fine arts, and the program for secondary schools contained more contents of science, technology, and math. In the middle school program, context for learning, class activities of creative design and emotional touch, evaluation, and job and career information were evenly implemented. In the elementary and high school program, there were few information about robotics career. We extracted all robot utilizable subjects and units from school curriculums, and redesigned contents which can be applicable to regular classes for schools. As the result of this study, we conclude that 'learning with a robot' can encourage students' interests in STEM area.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.100-120
• /
• 1993

Middle school students' conceptual changes on physics, chemistry, biology and earth science concepts which were intentionally selected by researchers had been investigated through traditional teaching and learning by paper and pencil tests and P.O.E. The weak points had been studied by individual interviews about the problems of traditional science classroom teaching after students' testing and learning about science concepts. As results, students' conceptual changes could be hardly found through traditional teaching and learning except several concepts in biology, The weak points of traditional science classroom teaching and learning were as follows: 1) Teachers teach science as finding answers. 2) The conventional science test is not performed to find students' concepts out but to recall simple knowledge or calculus. 3) Students hesitate to ask teacher Questions in science class because of their colleagues' or teachers' blame. These mean that science teachers need specially designed teaching methods on the students' concepts and reseachers had to study about science classroom socialogy, what happened in science classrooms.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the items that were used in entrance examination for science gifted education center for middle school students by using content analysis and classical item analysis. In content analysis, objective type items exhibited mathematics and physics were dominant. Science giftedness & creativity items were dominant. And essay type items consisted of physics items, have evaluated creative problem solving ability. Item difficulty and discrimination index, on the whole, were appropriate. Comparing with objective type, essay type has higher discrimination index. In correlation analysis between total score and score of each type of items, total score has the highest correlation with essay type items and science giftedness & creativity. It was recommended that mathematics, physics and chemistry items with focusing giftedness & creativity could give some implications for future selection methods of science gifted education center.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 1997

Many science teachers can be able to miswrite the vocabularies for seven kinds of experimental tool names on blackboard of secondary school in Korean language. The diagnosis test for the miswriting possibility was carried out by science teachers in secondary school. We questioned "How can you write each of Korean vocabulary for seven experimental tools?" to each of one hundred and fourty science teachers in three class of physics, chemistry, and biology during inservice training course of Gyeongsang National University on August in 1997. First of all, for the investigation we showed the real things of seven tools to the teachers and they wrote each vocabulary for each tool name on blackboard in English. In addition we explained the general use of each tool name. And then the teachers answered the vocabularies of them on one written paper. The miswriting results for seven tools were as follows. There appeared various miswriting vocabularies for each tool name. For examples, meas cylinder was miswritten two kinds of Korean name and the miswriting ratio of 4%, Mortar & pestle was miswritten four kinds of name and the ratio of 12%, Beaker & desiccator were miswritten one kind of name and the ratio of 51% and 36%, separately. Separatory funnel & spuit were miswritten two kinds of name and the ratio of 54% and 58%, separately. Schale was miswritten four kinds of name and the ratio of 51%. We might conclude that the cause of miswriting vocabularies for the tool name could be due to the original miswriting in Korean-English or English-Korean dictionaries as well as the seience teachers by themselves.