• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.555-566
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• 1987

Fifty ancient Korean coins originated in Yi Dynasty have been determined for 9 elements such as Sn, Fe, As, Ag, Co, Sb, Ir, Ru and Ni by instrumental neutron activation analysis and for 3 elements such as Cu, Pb, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry. Bronze coins originated in early days of the dynasty contain as major constituents Cu, Pb and Sn approximately in the ratio 90 : 4 : 3, whereas, those in latter days contain in ratio 7 : 2 : 0. Brass coins which had begun in 17 century contain as major constituents Cu, Zn and Pb approximately in the ratio 7 : 1 : 1. The multivariate data have been analyzed for the relation among elemental contents through the variance-covariance matrix. The data have been further analyzed by a principal component mapping method. As the results training set of 8 class have been chosen, based on the spread of sample points in an eigen vector plot and archaeological data such as age and the office of minting. The training set and test set of samples have finally been analyzed for the assignment to certain classes or outliers through the statistical isolinear multiple component analysis (SIMCA).

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1997

Of all HLA class I molecules, HLA-C gene products are most poorly understood because they express at a low level on the cell surface compared to HLA-A and -B. In order to identify serologically detectable and undetectable HLA-C antigens, we have established a DNA-based tissue typing method for the HLA-C locus by PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers). Genomic DNA prepared from Iymphoblastoid 21 B-cell lines and 120 Korean individuals by proteinase K digestion and pheno/chloroform extractions have been typed by PCR-SSP (23 primer mixes were used). The PCR-SSP results of control cell lines were discrepant from serology in 1 case among 21 cases: Cw6 which was negative by serology but positive by PCR-SSP (cell line: MANIKA). Twenty four HLA-Cw "blank" antigens among fifty Korean individuals were completely determined by PCR-SSP DNA typing. HLA-Cw*0101 (15.3%), Cw*1401 (12.3%) and Cw*0701 (11.7%) alleles were frequently found in 120 Korean individual samples. In conclusion. the high level of discrimination for HLA-C alleles may prove useful and informative in the study of transplant survival, and identify the importance of allelic differences, not readily detectable by serology, on host and donor compatibility.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.487-495
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• 2021

Using self-regulation learning strategies that can cultivate the creative and critical thinking required in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it was applied to the exploration experimental class of the section 'quantitative relationship in chemical reactions' in high school chemistry and the effects on academic performance and scientific attitudes were analyzed. In case of academic achievement, although there was no meaningful difference between the two groups in the pre-test, the average value of the experimental group was significantly higher in the post-test. In the case of scientific attitudes, the difference in average points between the two groups was the greatest in readiness and curiosity. In the post-test of the experimental group, academic achievement showed the highest correlation with meta-cognition and scientific attitude with behavioral regulation, respectively. Considering the effectiveness of metacognition and scientific attitudes, self-regulation learning strategies are the most suitable teaching-learning forms for creativity and personality education in this era.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2005

This study investigates student achievement and science-related attitudes on STS hypothetical deductive instruction strategy in the water section of high school chemistry. Two 11th grade co-ed high school classes participated in the study; one control group and one treatment group. After being taught for 10 class periods during the second semester. ANCOVA analysis revealled no significant difference (p>.05) between two groups' achievement tests. However, analysis by ANCOVA did show that the scores for science-related attitudes in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<.05). In particular, the scores of science learning contents and science value about science-related attitude were significantly higher in the treatment group.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2015

In this study, the effects of writing a weekly report on the students' self-directed learning, the attitudes toward science, and the academic achievements were examined. Two hundred and three students, second graders of a high school participated. Experimental group performed writing a weekly report, while the comparative group performed regular science lessons. The results of this study are as follows: First, MSLQ test showed that there was statistically significant difference in the self-directed learning skills(p<.05). For sub-factors of motivation region, such as internal goals, extrinsic goals, learning beliefs, task value, and self-efficacy and for sub-factors of learning strategy region, such as meta-cognition, peer learning, time management, critical thinking, and demonstrations showed statistically significant results. Second, TOSRA test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the attitudes toward science (p>.05). However, for sub-factors, such as scientific inquiry and joy to science class showed statistically significant results. Third, there was no statistically significant difference in the academic achievement in Chemistry I class (p>.05). However, top and low achievement level showed statistically significant results.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1996

HLA-B27 gene, one of the HLA-class I molecule, is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis. It has been most frequently used as a disease-correlated HLA gene by clinicians. In most laboratories, conventional HLA-B27 typing is still performed by cell cytotoxicity tests or fluorescence serology with specific antibodies. In this study, DNA typing method for HLA-B27 was developed by using group specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Four HLA-B27 cell lines (HOM-2, JESTHOM, WT24 and BTB) and fifty six B27 Korean individuals defined by serology were used. The results of control cell and B-27 positive individual samples were correlated well with the data which was performed by serological method. All of B27 positive PCR products gave positive signals on Southern blot hybridization with B27 specific probe. This study shows that the HLA-B27 DNA typing is a relatively simple, fast and practical tool for the determination of the HLA-B27 gene in routine clinical laboratory work.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.739-750
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cognitive demands level of the description about 'pure substance and mixture compound', 'ionic compound', 'molecule' on the 'science2' textbooks by the 2007 revised curriculum. The three types of Curriculum Analysis Taxonomy have been used to analyze the cognitive demands level of those contents on the 6 kinds of 'science2' textbooks. The first, the cognitive demand level about 'pure substance and mixture compound' on many textbooks is a late concrete operational stage because of class inclusion and hierarchical classification. And the descriptions as 'pure substance is conserved even when mixed with other pure substance' is a early formal operational stage. The second, the cognitive demand level about 'ionic compound' and 'molecule' is a early formal operational stage, because of "Formal modeling is the indirect interpretation of reality by deductive comparison from a postulated system with its own rules" and "Atoms have a structure". The third, the terms as 'ionic bonding', 'ionic compound', 'chemical formula', 'covalent bonding', 'covalent compound', and 'molecular formula' have been used on many 'science2' textbooks. Those terms would be used later on 'chemistry I' and 'chemistry II' in senior high school but not even 'science3' and 'science'.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2017

Though the Platycodon grandiflorum, has a broad range of pharmacologic properties, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). Taken together, the protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and its metabolic activities in various explants of this essential medicinal plant P. grandiflorum.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.297-317
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Science Social and Emotional Learning(SSEL). The factors of SSEL were suggested, and by utilizing them, the contents of middle school's science and Chemistry 1 textbook were analyzed. The factors are as follow: numeracy, information and communication technology, critical thinking, creative thinking, personal and social capability, ethical understanding, and intercultural understanding. The results showed that the 60~70% of textbooks put emphasis on numeracy, information and communication technology, critical thinking, creative thinking while some factors were limited in th contents, which were personal and social capability, ethical understanding, and intercultural understanding. Therefore, teacher should try to reconstruct the teaching and learning materials and fill in the deficiencies of SSEL factors through class activities. In addition, it is suggested to study specific application methods such as science activities or experiment activities in detail to meet social and emotional learning.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to survey the perceptions of the elementary school teachers on the smallscale chemistry(SSC) following its training session. The teachers participating in the survey were 266 teachers in the Gyeongnam province. They were given a questionnaire that focused on the nine areas of the SSC: Needs for the teacher training and its application, its benefits, issues of safety and danger as well as treatment of environmental pollution, its economic efficiency and the development of investigative skills. The designed questionnaire was checked by an authority, and the responses to each question were tallied and analyzed. The results are as follows. The biggest problems of the traditional experimental methods as rated by the teachers were, in the order of importance, the preparation time, the legal liability of teachers for the safety and accidents, financial issues, disposal of the experimental wastes and the lack of relevant data. Since most of the teachers had not experienced the SSC lab programs in the field, they responded positively to the questions of need for its introduction and training. The implementation of the experimental SSC lab programs should proceed in the following order: introduction into the textbook, teacher training program, after-school education and the invitation of instructors. The most useful materials for the SSC program were CDs, videos, books and various printed materials, in that order. The responses regarding benefits of the SSC program included its simplicity, convenience, time savings, diversity, qualitative and quantitative aspects, integration into the regular class and use of toys. In particular, the teachers mentioned the increased safety due to the small amount of experimental reagents needed and the durability of plastic instruments. The familarity from the use of everyday tools as well as easy access to and the low-cost of the instruments were other important benefits. The teachers in general rated the educational content of the program highly, but many also found it to be average. Some pointed out the lack of sufficient discussion due to the individual or pair groupings as a potential shortcoming. The potential for development of problem solving ability and improvement of skills was rated positively. The number of teacher who rated the development of creativity positively was just over the half. As for the area of improving investigative skills, many found its assessment difficult and confusing because of the lack of its systemic definition and categorization. Based on the findings of this study, I would like to recommend the application and a wider dissemination of the small-scale chemistry lab program into the elementary school science curriculum.