• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

Migration behavior of selected solvents and food samples showed differences of the chemical structures and polarities, the food samples which have similar polar expresses more higher affinity than different polar degrees. Water which is polar has a highest partitioning coefficient values on polar isopropanol, and oil which is nonpolar has highest partitioning value on non-polar toluene. The increasing order of partitioning values was accord with increasing water contents in food samples. It is showed that the wheat flour with 13.2% moisture content has the highest partitioning coefficient values on the isopropanol with -OH. Kp value of sugar showed remarkable lower partitioning coefficient values than other food samples due to high degree crystallinity. This phenomenon can be predictable with ${\delta}$ values, because order of partitioning coefficient values which comes out through the experiment and the sequence of Hildebrand solubility parameter value difference between food sample and printing ink solvent correspond almost. This Hildebrand solubility parameter value can be easily applied to the food package industry because the effect of food-safety can be considered without passing through complicated steps by using this method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.743-748
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• 2013

The temperature dependence of the partition coefficients of a neuropeptide, substance P (SP), in isotropic acidic bicelles was investigated by using a pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion technique. The addition of negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylserine to the neutral bicelle changed the SP partitioning a little, which implies that the hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic residues of SP and the acyl chains of lipid molecules is the major interaction while the electrostatic interaction is minor in SP binding in a lipid membrane. From the temperature dependence of the partition coefficients, thermodynamic functions were calculated. The partitioning of SP into the acidic bicelles is enthalpy-driven, as it is for small unilamellar vesicles and dodecylphosphocholine micelles, while peptide partitioning into a large unilamellar vesicle is entropy-driven. This may mean that the size of lipid membranes is a more important factor for peptide binding than the surface curvature and surface charge density.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ${\Delta}Hmix$ (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2006

The widespread use of packaging materials on food packages sometimes causes off-flavor and deterioration in the food by migration of packaging materials which consist of mainly plastic materials and printing ink solvents. Even though migration of the residual packaging materials does not generally cause safety problems in the contained food, it certainly can generate off-flavor and finally deteriorate quality of the finished product. In highly consumer-oriented markets, quality of the finished product is gaining more importance economically, so profound and thorough study about migration into food to maintain the fine quality of the end product becomes an importance issue. Studies have been conducted about migration of various packaging materials and the chemical reactions between the food components and the materials used for food packaging (Brody, 1989; Mcneal and Breder, 1987; Lawson, G and Lawson, C, 1996). Several of these studies have measured partition coefficient values (Kp) between packaging materials and various food samples and involved finding factors that affected the partitioning behavior of packaging materials into the contained food. However, to enable prediction of partitioning, data are still needed on the relation of packaging material chemical structure and properties to partitioning behavior, and on the partitioning behavior of various food ingredients and the total food compositions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1183-1186
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• 2007

A shake-flask method was used to determine the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfachloropyrazine from (298.15 to 333.15) K. The results showed that the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of each sulfonamide decreased with the increase of temperature. Based on the fluid phase equilibrium theory, the thermodynamic relationship of n-octanol/water partition coefficient depending on the temperature is proposed, and the changes of enthalpy, entropy, and the Gibbs free energy function for sulfonamides partitioning in n-octanol/ water are determined, respectively. Sulfonamides molecules partitioning in n-octanol/water is mainly an enthalpy driving process, during which the order degrees of system increased. The temperature effect coefficient of n-octanol/water partition coefficient is discussed. The results show that its magnitude is the same as that of values in the literature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.2047-2050
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• 2008

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1992

The partitioning of recombinant human interleukin-2(rhII-2) in PEG 8000-dextran 38800 aqueous two-phase system has been investigated using three different sources of rhIL-2. In the case of pure rhIL-2, the solubility in a PEG-dextran two-phase system was low and most of rhIL-2 was partitioned into the bottom phase. For the recovery of rhIL-2 from insoluble protein aggregates, the inclusion bodies of recombinant E. coli were solubilized by the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The addition of SDS significantly enhanced not only the solubility of rhIL-2 but also the partitioning of rhIL-2 to the top phase. When the ratio of SDS to rhIL-2 was 2.0, the partition coefficient(K) and the recovery yield(Y) at the top phase were 4.5 and 88%, respectively, at pH 6.8. In order to reduce the recovery steps further, SDS was directly added to the intact recombinant E. coli cells and then partitioned into the PEG/dextran aqueous two-phase system. The observed partition coefficient ($K{\cong{3.0$) and recovery yield ($Y{\geq}80%$ )of this method were comparable to the rhIL-2 recovery from insoluble protein aggregates. The results obtained in this work indicate that PEG-dextran two-phase partitioning might provide a simple way for the recovery and partial purification of recombinant proteins which are produced as inclusion bodies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The increasing use of plastics in food packaging materials has led to the issue of food-packaging mutual interactions from residues in the plastics. Plastic films are commonly printed by using solvent-based ink to decorate the packaged food for consumer attention. However, the residual solvents can not be completely removed and they can migrate into the contained food which lead to undesirable off-flavors. Partitioning (Kp) of printing ink solvents was studied in two types of plastic films with different chemical structure and polarity. At $25^{\circ}C$, Kp of toluene is higher than that of isopropanol in PP, but isopropanol showed higher Kp value than toluene in EVOH. This showed that polarity had a significant effect on the partitioning of printing ink solvents into the plastic films. Printing solvents had a higher affinity to the polymer with similar polarity than it did to the different one.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3279-3283
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• 2013

We present an elementary pedagogical derivation of the Brillouin-Wigner and the Rayleigh-Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger perturbation theories with Epstein-Nesbet partitioning. A variant of the Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory is also introduced, which can be easily extended to the quasi-degenerate case. A main advantage of the new theory is that the computing time required for obtaining the successive higher-order results is minimal after the third-order calculation. We illustrate the accuracy of the new perturbation theory for some simple model systems like the perturbed harmonic oscillator and the particle in a box.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

A piperazinylalkylisoxazole library containing 86 compounds was constructed and evaluated for the binding affinities to dopamine (D3) and serotonin (5-HT2A/2C) receptor to develop antipsychotics. Dopamine antagonists (DA) showing selectivity for D3 receptor over the D2 receptor, serotonin antagonists (SA), and serotonin-dopamine dual antagonists (SDA) were identified based on their binding affinity and selectivity. The analogues were divided into three groups of 7 DAs (D3), 33 SAs (5-HT2A/2C), and 46 SDAs (D3 and 5-HT2A/2C). A classification model was generated for identifying structural characteristics of those antagonists with different affinity profiles. On the basis of the results from our previous study, we conducted the generation of the decision trees by the recursive-partitioning (RP) method using Cerius2 2D descriptors, and identified and interpreted the descriptors that discriminate in-house antipsychotic compounds.