• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chemical exchange

Search Result 1,549, Processing Time 0.02 seconds

Selective Reduction of $\alpha,\beta$-Unsaturated Ketones with Borohydride Exchange Resin-$CuSO_4$ in Methanol

  • Yoon, Nung-Min;Sim, Tae-Bo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.14 no.6
    • /
    • pp.749-752
    • /
    • 1993
  • Borohydride exchange resin $(BER)-CuSO_4$ system readily reduces {\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated ketones to the corresponding saturated alcohols quantitatively. This reduction tolerates many functional groups such as carbon-carbon multiple bonds, chlorides, epoxides, esters, amides and nitriles.

Permeability of anion-exchange membrane for Cl- ions. Dialysis of hydrochloride acid in the presence of nickel chloride

  • Palaty, Zdenek;Bendova, Helena
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.39-47
    • /
    • 2010
  • Using a conventional two-compartment cell with stirrers the separation of an aqueous solution of HCl-$NiCl_2$ by an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was investigated. The dialysis process was characterized by the permeability coefficient of the membrane towards to $Cl^-$ ions. This quantity was determined by the numerical integration of equations, which describe the time dependence of the total concentration of $Cl^-$ ions in compartment initially filled with stripping agent (water), combined with an optimizing procedure. The analysis of the experimental results showed that this permeability coefficient is a satisfactory characteristic for the process studied. It can be graphically correlated with the initial acid and initial salt concentrations in the compartment initially filled with acid+salt mixture.

Advances in electrodeionization technology for ionic separation - A review

  • Khoiruddin, Khoiruddin;Hakim, A.N.;Wenten, I.G.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.87-108
    • /
    • 2014
  • Electrodeionization (EDI), which combines electrodialysis (ED) and conventional ion-exchange (IX), is a mature process which has been applied since more than twenty years on commercial use for the production of ultrapure water (UPW). Eliminating chemical regeneration is the main reason for its commercial success. The increase in acceptance of EDI technology has led to an installation of very large plant as the commercial state of the art that produces $1,500m^3/h$ of water for high pressure steam boiler. More recently, EDI system has found a number of new interesting applications in wastewater treatment, biotechnology industry, and other potential field. Along with further growth and wider applications, the development of stack construction and configuration are also become a concern. In this paper, the principle of EDI process is described and its recent developments, commercial scale, and various applications are pointed out.

Trimerization of Isobutene over Solid Acid Catalysts: Comparison between Cation-exchange Resin and Zeolite Catalysts

  • Yoon, Ji-Woong;Jhung, Sung-Hwa;Chang, Jong-San
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.339-341
    • /
    • 2008
  • Catalytic trimerization of isobutene to produce triisobutenes has been performed over cation-exchange resin and zeolite catalysts. Resin catalysts have the advantage of long lifetime and high trimers selectivity even though the regeneration of an aged catalyst is not satisfactory. On the contrary, zeolite catalysts can be regenerated facilely by simple calcination in air even though the lifetime is short and trimers selectivity is low probably due to small pore size and strong acidity, respectively. It is, therefore highly desirable to develop an inorganic acid catalyst with macro- or meso-pores to show catalytic performances similar or superior to those of macroporous resin catalysts.

Development and Application of a Software Tool for the Interpretation of Organic Mixtures' Spectra - Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange (STORM-HDX) to Interpret APPI HDX MS Spectra

  • Lee, Sunghyup;Cho, Yunju;Kim, Sunghwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.35 no.3
    • /
    • pp.749-752
    • /
    • 2014
  • New software was developed for the assignment of elemental formulae based on high-resolution mass spectra and subsequent hydrogen/deuterium exchange data. Entire peaks in high-resolution mass spectra were grouped by their Kendrick mass defect values, and the weighted RMS deviations between theoretical and experimental values were used to determine elemental formulae. After this initial assignment, formulae containing deuterium atoms were sorted in order to interpret hydrogen/deuterium exchange spectra. The software was successfully applied to hydrogen/deuterium exchange spectra of resins and aromatic fractions from heavy crude oil.

Analysis of Spin Exchange Interactions in (C2N2H10)[Fe(HPO3)F3] on the Basis of Electronic Structure Calculations

  • Koo, Hyun-Joo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.32 no.2
    • /
    • pp.467-471
    • /
    • 2011
  • Spin exchange interactions of $(C_2N_2H_{10})[Fe(HPO_3)F_3]$ were examined by performing a spin dimer analysis based on extended Huckel tight binding method and a mapping analysis based on first principles density functional theory. Spin exchange interactions occur through the super-superexchange paths $J_1$ and $J_2$ in $(C_2N_2H_{10})[Fe(HPO_3)F_3]$. In the super-superexchange path $J_2$ magnetic orbital interactions between eg-block levels are much stronger than those from $t_{2g}$-block levels. Both electronic structure calculations show that the spin exchange interaction through the super-superexchange path $J_2$ is much stronger than that of $J_1$.

Synthesis of 5-bromouracil-$Br^{82}$ by Isotopic Exchange Method (Isotopic Exchange 에 依한 5-bromouracil-$Br^{82}$의 合成)

  • Pyun, Hyung-Chick;Kim, Jae-Rock
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.39-42
    • /
    • 1964
  • As the bromination method with $Br_2^{82}$ for the synthesis of 5-bromouracil-$Br^{82}$ gave products with considerable impurities, e. g. uracil etc. an attempt to produce pure one by isotopic exchange method was performed. Bromide-82 ion such as $NH_4Br^{82}$ or $HBr^{82}$ undergoes no isotopic exchange with 5-bromouracil-Br. However, isotopic exchange between $NH_4Br^{82}$ and $Br_2$, and between $Br_2^{82}$ and 5-bromouracil-Br were too fast to determine the rate. The result indicated that this method can be used in the production of pure 5-bromouracil-$Br^{82}$. It was also found that the use of reducing agent to maintain $Br^{82}$ as bromide form was unnecessary on $NH_4Br^{82}$ production from reactor.

  • PDF