• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2023

화학물질 사고는 신속한 대응 및 복구가 어렵고, 환경오염과 인명피해가 동반된다는 점에서 매뉴얼의 중요성이 점차 주목받고 있으며, OECD에서는 화학사고 예방, 대비 및 대응을 위한 OECD 지침서(이하 OECD 지침서)를 2023년 6월 개정하였다. 또한, 기존 연구에서는 화학사고에 대한 인식 제고를 통해 법규, 규정, 매뉴얼 등 시스템적 대응이 필요하다는 점을 강조하고 있으나. 매뉴얼에 대한 정보속성 비교연구는 찾아보기 힘들었다. 이에, 본 연구는 기존 OECD 지침서(2판)와 개정된 OECD 지침서(3판)을 비교분석하여 OECD 지침서별 정보속성을 파악하고 시사점을 발굴하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 세부적으로는 어떤 단어가 중요해졌는지 파악하기 위해 TF-IDF(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) 분석을 적용하였으며, 유사하게 사용한 단어와 차별성있게 사용한 단어를 파악하기 위해 Word2Vec을 적용하였다. 최종적으로는 2X2 매트릭스를 제안하고, 각 사분면에 어떤 단어들이 있는지를 도출하여 OECD 지침서별 정보속성을 심층적으로 비교하였다. 본 연구는 연구자들이 정보속성을 파악하는데 도움이 되는 프레임워크를 제공하고자 하였으며, 실무적으로는 국내 화학관련 정부부처 및 기업의 표준메뉴얼 개정에 참고할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

The risk is expressed as consequence of damage multiplied by likelihood of failure. The installation of a protective system reduces the risk by reducing the likelihood of failure at the facility. Also, the protective system has different effects on the likelihood of failure according to the proof test cycle. However, when assessing risks in the Off-site Risk Assessment (ORA) system, the variation in risk was not reflected according to the proof test cycle of protective system. This study was conducted to examine the need for proof test and the importance of cycle setting by applying periodic proof test of the protective system to ORA. The results showed that the likelihood of failure and the risk increased with longer proof test cycle. The risk of a two-yearly proof test was eight times greater than that of a three-month cycle. From the results, the protective system needs periodic proof test. Untested protective system for a long term cannot be reliable because it is more likely to be failed state when it is called upon to operate. In order to reduce the risk to an acceptable level, it is effective to differently set the proof test cycle according to the priority. This study suggested a more systematic and accurate risk analysis standard than ORA. This standard is expected to enable an acceptable level of risk management by systematically setting the priority and proof test cycle of the protective system. It is also expected to contribute to securing the safety of chemical facilities and at the same time, will lead to the development of the ORA system.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to provide temporal Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) for a hazardous substance as a pilot study. Methods: As one of the substances designated by the Korea Ministry of Environment as requiring preparations for potential accidents, formaldehyde was selected to estimate the AEGLs. The calculation was based on Haber's formula (Cn×t=k) using valid toxicity data (for humans/animals). A total of 96 points of AEGL levels were provided using an interval of five minutes over eight hours. Results: The AEGL-1 and 2 values were constant for the entire exposure duration at 0.9 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. The values were obtained from clinical/animal tests, and the adaptation effect after a given exposure duration was also considered. AEGL-3 was based on animal toxicity data, and it was estimated from 127 ppm for the initial five minutes to 35 ppm for eight hours. Conclusions: More specific AEGL levels for formaldehyde could be obtained in this study using toxicity data with Haber's formula. Based on this methodology, it would be also possible to estimate AEGL levels that can be used at the scene of a chemical accident for other substances requiring preparation for potential accidents.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2018

As the types and usage of chemical increase, modern countries should protect their health and environment from the risk of hazardous chemical. Chemical accidents not only affect humans but also cause huge losses to the environment. Moreover, since its effects do not end in a short period of time, it is necessary to identify the extent of the damage and establish a prevention and response system in advance. In 2015, the Chemical Substances Management Act provided a system for assessing the impact on the people and the environment around the workplace. However, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the impact on environmental factors such as vegetation and aquatic, with the current hazard assessment methods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative risk of environmental receptors. This study improved the existing risk assessment formula by using the environmental vulnerability index and established the end point concentration criterion which can estimate the damage range to environmental media. To verify the results of the study, a virtual accident scenario was selected and a case study was conducted. As a result, the extent of impact on the environmental medium can be calculated, and the degree of environmental risk of the zone can be quantified through the risk analysis considering the environmental vulnerability. This study is expected to increase the reliability of the reliability of the existing risk anaylsis method beacause it is a risk analysis method that can be applied when the environmental factors are absolutely necessary and when the residents and environment are complex.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2011

Emergency preparedness plan(EPP) is the systematic management of activities that involve a material degree of risk of loss or other damage to the surroundings(people, property and environment), and the boundary of accident recovery plan(ARP). The main purpose of the program is to provide a safety management system to each facility in order to enable to prevent accident and to control accident immediately. The EPP includes not only typical safety-related documentations such as material safety data sheet(MSDS), standard operation procedure(SOP), emergency response plan(ERP). EPP is established basis of the preliminary safety analysis involving risk identification, assessment and prevention plans. The program is also helpful for government or related agencies to control a number of accidents in small-scale companies in the whole country.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 1990

This research was to describe the organizational safety climate, to examine its implication, and to improve the strategies of industrial accident prevention in chemical industry in Korea. The subjects were 207 directors of department of safety in chemical industry, asked to respond questionnaire sent by mailing. The data in this research were analyzed by SPSS PC＋. The results were as follows ： 1) 24.2％ of surveyed chemical industry had department of safety. 2) 53.6％ of suueyed chemical industry had safety education program. 3) 53％ of employees in surveyed chemical industry were satisfied with supply of personal protective equipments.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

Natural disasters can cause major accidents in chemical facilities where they can lead to the release of hazardous materials which in turn can result in fires, explosions or toxic dispersion. Technological disasters triggered by natural disasters are referred to as NaTech(Natural Disaster Triggered Technological Disaster). These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. In the present study, we proposed some methods for effective disaster management by conducting case study of major NaTech. First, establishing information sharing system of chemical accident for stakeholders and improving disaster manuals and standards of central and local government and co-operation support system. Second, activating information service of emergency planning and community right to know. Third, improving the integrated chemical accident database including NaTech accidents.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.60-71
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose a quantitative toxicity endpoint distance suitable for the initial response of firefighters by comparing and analyzing the commonly applied toxic level of concern (T-LOC), specifically emergency response planning guidelines (ERPG), acute exposure guideline levels (AEGL), and immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). This is to protect the fire brigade, which responds to toxic chemical accidents first during the golden time. Using areal locations of hazardous atmospheres, a damage prediction program, the amount of leakage for both acidic and basic substances, along with the endpoint distance, were analyzed for alternative accident and worst-case accident scenarios. The results showed that the toxicity endpoint distance, serving as a compromise between Level-3 and Level-2 of T-LOC, was longer than ERPG-3 and shorter than ERPG-2 with IDLH, while its values were analyzed in the order of ERPG-2, AEGL-2, IDLH, AEGL-3, and ERPG-3. It is suggested that the application of IDLH in an emergency (red card) and ERPG-2 endpoint distance in a non-emergency (non-red card) can be utilized for the initial response of the fire brigade.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2022

인적오류로 발생하는 화학사고를 예방하고자 첨단 기술을 응용한 화학사고 예방 및 대응 훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 기존에 구축된 파일롯 플랜트(pilot plant)를 바탕으로 가상의 공정을 설계한 후, 화학사고 대응 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 컨텐츠 구현을 위하여 파일롯 설비 일부를 개조하여 원격제어기능을 부여하였다. 또한, 가상환경에서 설비를 제어할 수 있는 DCS 프로그램을 개발하였으며, AR과 연동하여 최종적으로 가상의 화학사고를 대응할 수 있는 화학공정 운전원 교육(OTS)을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 훈련자가 직접 장치를 조작해봄으써 운전역량을 쌓을 수 있고, 가상의 화학사고를 대응함으로써 비상시 대처능력을 기를 수 있었다. 본 연구와 같은 차세대 OTS가 화학산업에 널리 보급된다면 인적오류에 의한 화학사고를 예방하는데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Since the unprecedented hydrogen fluoride leak accident in 2012, there has been growing demand for customized technical information for rapid response and chemical accident management agencies including the Ministry of Environment, the National Emergency Management Agency, and the National Police Agency need more information on chemicals and accident management. In this regard, this study aims to provide reliable technical data and guidelines to initial response agencies, similar to accident management technical reports of the US and Canada. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on initial response agencies like fire stations, police stations, and local governments to identify new information items for appropriate initial response and improvements of current guidelines. We also collected and reviewed the Canada's TIPS, US EPA's hydrogen fluoride documents, domestic and foreign literature on applicability tests of control chemicals, and interview data, and then produced items to be listed in the technical guidelines. In addition, to establish database of on-site technical information, we carried out applicability tests for accident control data including ① emergency shut down devide, safety guard, shut down valve, ground connection, dyke, transfer pipe, scrubber, and sensor; ② literature and field survey on distribution type and transportation/storage characteristics (container identification, valve, ground connection, etc.); ③ classification and identification of storage/transportation facilities and emergency management methodslike leak prevention, chemicals control, and cutoff or bypass of rain drainage; ④ domestic/foreign analysis methods and environmental standards including portable detection methods, test standards, and exposure limits; and ⑤ comparison/evaluation of neutralization efficiency of control chemicals on toxic substances.