• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2008

Lead-free $(K_{0.44}Na_{0.52})(Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.10})-0.04LiSbO_3$ piezoelectric ceramics have been synthesized by conventional sintering process and then investigated on the sintering and piezoelectric properties by high energy ball milling (HEBM) treatment. The powders milled for different time are characterized by XRD, FE-SEM. The powders are pressed into a pellet and sintered. It is found that the piezoelectric properties of sintered specimens are strongly dependent on the milling time. The piezoelectric properties are enhanced by high energy ball milling treatment. The planer electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$) and piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}$) of a specimen sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$ are 0.44 and 267 pC/N, respectively.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.482-486
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• 2004

The application of focused ion beam (FIB) technology in micro/nano machining has become increasingly popular. Its use in micro/nano machining has advantages over contemporary photolithography or other micro/nano machining technologies, such as small feature resolution, the ability to process without masks and being accommodating for a variety of materials and geometries. This paper presents that the recent development and our research goals in FIB nano machining technology are given. The emphasis will be on direct milling, or chemical vapor deposition techniques (CVD), and this can distinguish the FIB technology from the contemporary photolithography process and provide a vital alternative to it. After an introduction to the technology and its FIB principles, the recent developments in using milling or deposition techniques for making various high-quality devices and high-precision components at the micro/nano meter scale are examined and discussed. Finally, conclusions are presented to summarize the recent work and to suggest the areas for improving the FIB milling technology and for studying our future research.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

본 연구는 높은 분산 안정성을 유지하는 antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) 분산액을 제조하기 위하여, 습식 볼밀법으로 분쇄시간에 따른 ATO의 입자크기, 입도분포, 분산성의 변화를 고찰하였다. 또한 각각의 습식 볼밀 처리된 ATO 분산액의 pH를 변화시켜 ATO 분산액의 분산 특성을 고찰하였다. 습식 볼밀 분쇄 조건에 의하여 ATO의 입자크기 및 입도 분포 변화는 레이저회절 입도분석기와 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 평가하였고, 습식 볼밀 분쇄 시간 및 pH조건에 따른 ATO 입자의 분산성은 제타전위 측정법과 다중광산란(multiple light scattering)법을 이용하여 평가하였다. 분쇄 조건 중 60 min 동안 처리된 ATO 입자 크기는 30% 이하로 작아지고, $1{\sim}35{\mu}m$에서 $0.1{\sim}5{\mu}m$로 입도분포를 갖는 균일한 입자를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 분쇄조건을 60 min 이상 처리한 것은 역분쇄 및 재응집 현상의 발생으로 인하여 한계 분쇄 시간이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 ATO 분산액은 습식 볼밀 분쇄 시간을 증가시킬수록 입자 크기가 감소하고 표면 에너지가 증가하여 입자간의 반발력이 커지게 됨을 알 수 있었고, 또한 용액의 pH를 증가시킬수록 입자의 표면 이온화도가 커짐으로 인하여 ATO 분산액의 분산성이 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.224-232
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• 1983

$Fe_2O_3$와 $BaCO_3$ 분체를 철제 ball-mill로 각각 5, 15, 30, 80, 200시간 혼합분쇄하여 얻어진 $BaCO_3-Fe_2O_3$계에서 고체반응 및 생성 Ba-ferrite의 자기적 성질에 미치는 분쇄시간의 영향을 조사하였다. 열천칭, X-선 회절기, 주사형전자현미경 및 B-H 이력곡선기 등을 사용하여 조사한 결과 일정시간 이상 분쇄시켰을 때 입자의 응집현상과 함께 초상자성을 띄는 미립자가 생기게 되어 Ba-ferrite의 생성 및 자기적 성질에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인했다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Fe-6Al-9Si(N) alloy powders were synthesized by hybrid process of chemical nitrification and mechanical milling. The nitriding treatment on Fe-6Al-9Si alloy powders formed $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase on the powders surface. The nitriding-treated powders were pulverized by horizontal high-energy ball milling machine. The longer ball milling time tended to reduce the size of alloy powders. In ball milling for 36h, extremely fine powders with about $7\~9wt\%$ nitrogen were obtained. Through X-ray diffraction analysis on the powders, it was found out that the longer milling time caused a disappearance of the crystallinity of $\alpha-Fe$ in the powders. TEM study confirmed that the powders is comprised of a few tens nano-meter sized crystals, including $\alpha-Fe$ phase with partially $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase. Hysteresis curves of the synthesized powders measured by VSM revealed lower saturation magnetization and higher coercivity, which seemed to be attributed to nitrogen-impregnation and severe residual stress developed during the high energy milling. Microstructure observation on the powder annealed at 873 K for 1 h showed 10 to 20 nm sized $\alpha-Fe$ crystal. Such a enhanced crystallinity significantly increased the magnetization and decreased the coercivity, which was attributed to not only the crystallinity but also residual stress relaxation.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2012

An ${\alpha}$-Ferrite (Fe) powder dispersed with 4 vol.% of $Al_2O_3$ was successfully produced by a simple miling at 210 K with a mixture of $Fe_2O_3$, Fe and Al ingredient powders, followed by 2 step high temperature consolidation: Hot Pressing (HP) at 1323 K and then Hot Isostatic Pressing at 1423 K. The microstructure of the consolidated material was characterized by standard metallographic techniques such as XRD (X-ray Diffraction), TEM and STEM-EDS. The results of STEM-EDS analysis showed that the HIPed materials comprised a mixture of pure Fe matrix with a grain size of ~20 nm and $Al_2O_3$ with a bimodal size distribution of extremely fine (~5 nm) and medium size dispersoids (~20 nm). The mechanical properties of the consolidated materials were characterized by compressive test and micro Vickers hardness test at room temperature. The results showed that the yield strength of the ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) Fe alloy are as much as $674{\pm}39$ MPa and the improvement of the yield strength is attributed to the presence of the fine $Al_2O_3$ dispersoid.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2005

In this paper. micro electrochemical machining (ECM) for micro structure fabrications is presented. By applying ultra short pulses. the chemical reaction can be restricted only to the region very close to the electrode. Micro ECM is applied to machining micro structures through electrochemical milling process becasuse it doesn't suffer from tool wear. Using this method. 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. It was found that micro machining is possible with good surface quality in the low concentration electrolyte,0.1 M H₂SO₄. In ECM, as the machining depth increases, better flushing of electrolyte is required for sufficient ion supply. Layer-by-layer milling is advantageous in flushing. However, layer-by-layer milling causes taper of structures. To reduce the taper, application of a disk-type electrode was introduced. By electrochemical milling, various 3D micro structures including a hemisphere with 60 ㎛ diameter were fabricated.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2017

High energy ball milling is employed to produce iron matrix- multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced composite. The damage caused to MWCNT due to harsh ball milling condition and its influence on interfacial bonding is studied. Different amount of MWCNT is used to find the optimal percentage of MWCNT for avoidance of the formation of chemical reaction product at the matrix - reinforcement interface. Effect of process control agent is assessed by the use of different materials for the purpose. It is observed that ethanol as a process control agent (PCA) causes degradation of MWCNT reinforcements after milling for two hours whereas solid stearic acid used as process control agent, allows satisfactory conservation of MWCNT structure. It is further noted that at a high MWCNT content (~ 2wt.%), high energy ball milling leads to reaction of iron and carbon and forms iron carbide (cementite) at the iron-MWCNT interface. At low percentage of MWCNT, dissolution of carbon in iron takes place and the amount of reinforcement in iron matrix composite becomes negligibly small. However, under the present ball milling condition (ball to metal ratio~ 6:1 and 200 rpm vial speed) iron-1wt.% MWCNT composite of good interfacial bonding can retain the tubular structure of reinforcing MWCNT.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.558-560
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• 2004

We report the effect of wet ball milling conditions on the transparency of glass frit. Generally, the particle size of glass frit decreased as the milling time increased. And the transparency of glass frit changed with the particle size variation. The transparency of glass frit A increased as the milling time increased. But, the transparency of glass frit B, containing high $B_2O_3$ decreased as the particle size decreased. It seems to be the result of chemical reaction with water and glass frit.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.II
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• pp.828-831
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• 2005

Producing high transparency dielectric is still one of the most important subjects in the PDP process for improving luminous efficiency. It has been reported by many workers that transparency is improved by controlling the composition of the frit, the frit size and distribution, and the firing atmosphere. To understand the mechanism of discoloration of frit, $Bi_2O_3$ and $B_2O_3$ glasses were used for a leaching test using water and alcohol solution in milling. As a result, the frit prepared by wet milling had lower chemical durability than that prepared by dry milling. The leached layer around the frit showed high stability for heat treatment because the frit surface was covered with hydroxides or hydrates which was resulted from a reaction between the frit and the solution during milling.