• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.371-376
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• 2021

The article analyzes the impact of factors affecting the internal control system of chemical enterprises in Vietnam, providing more empirical evidence on factors affecting the system of internal control. Research data is collected in the form of face-to-face interviews and email interviews with managers and employees working in different positions, managers at all levels, chief accountants, and accountants of 52 chemical enterprises in Vietnam. The survey results collected 310 questionnaires. After eliminating the invalid questionnaires due to many blank cells, the authors chose to use 297 questionnaires. Quantitative research was carried out with SPSS 25 software. Research results show that Business Strategy, Organizational Structure, Organization's perception of the instability of the external environment, and Organizational culture are the factors that positively affect the internal control system of chemical enterprises. This can be explained that, for chemical enterprises, Business strategy, Organizational structure, Organization's perception of the instability of the external environment, and Good organizational culture will positively impact the internal control system of chemical enterprises. Based on the research results, the authors have proposed recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the internal control system of chemical enterprises in Vietnam, thereby contributing to improving the performance of enterprises in the chemical Vietnamese.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2015

Background: Goal-oriented communication of risk of hazards is necessary in order to reduce risk of workers' exposure to chemicals. Adequate training of workers and enterprise priority setting are essential elements. Cleaning enterprises have many challenges and the existing paradigms influence the risk levels of these enterprises. Methods: Information on organization and enterprises' prioritization in training programs was gathered from cleaning enterprises. A measure of enterprises' conceptual level of importance of chemical health hazards and a model for working out the risk index (RI) indicating enterprises' conceptual risk level was established and used to categorize the enterprises. Results: In 72.3% of cases, training takes place concurrently with task performances and in 67.4% experienced workers conduct the trainings. There is disparity between employers' opinion on competence level of the workers and reality. Lower conceptual level of importance was observed for cleaning enterprises of different sizes compared with regional safety delegates and occupational hygienists. Risk index values show no difference in risk level between small and large enterprises. Conclusion: Training of cleaning workers lacks the prerequisite for suitability and effectiveness to counter risks of chemical health hazards. There is dereliction of duty by management in the sector resulting in a lack of competence among the cleaning workers. Instituting acceptable easily attainable safety competence level for cleaners will conduce to risk reduction, and enforcement of attainment of the competence level would be a positive step.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) have many difficulties to set up the OSHMS because of limited natural and human resources. Therefore, this study is developed and proposed the certification standard of an OSHMS for SMS based on the case study on advanced countries, actual conditions of SMS in Korea, and opinion of specialists.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) has many difficulties to set up the OSHMS system because of limited natural and human resources. In this study, the rating system as a judgment method of an OSHMS based on the certification standard of the OSHMS, which was suggested in previous study, was developed for SMS to adopt voluntarily the OSHMS, certify KOSHA 18001, and improve the safety and health level.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.99-119
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• 2007

This research probes into the execution of small and medium-sized enterprises' value creativities by a difference analysis with different classifications, different capital, different turnover, different employees, and different established years. This study develop a questionnaire about value creativity with five dimensions and thirty-five items according to "Valuation" by McKinsey and Company, Inc. and Copeland et al., such as: "Aspiration and target," "Portfolio management," "Organization design," "Process management," and "Business and individual performance management." The results are as follows: (1) Most small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have executed value creativities; (2) There is a difference in the execution of value creativities between the livelihood industry and the chemical industry; the execution of value creativities by livelihood industry is better than the chemical industry; (3) For value creativities of the execution of different capital and turnover for SMEs, bigger entities are better than smaller ones; (4) For the value creativities of the execution of different numbers of staff in SMEs, those with more staff are better than those with fewer staff; (5) For the value creativities of the execution of different established years for SMEs, those established longer are better than those established shorter.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of workplace hazards and organizational protection resources according to the size of the enterprise in the manufacturing industry of the Republic of Korea. Methods: We analyzed data of waged workers (weighted N = 5,879) from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). Enterprise sizes were categorized as "micro enterprises" (less than five employees), "small enterprises" (5-49 employees) and "medium-large enterprises" (50 or more employees). Self-reported exposure to 18 physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychological hazards were measured. The presence of organizational protection resources such as a labor union, a safety delegate working at the company, designated spaces to deal with safety, and the provision of health and safety information was evaluated. Results: Compared to workers in medium-large enterprises, those in micro enterprises showed a higher proportion of exposure to most of physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychological hazards, except for exposure to solvents, prolonged sitting, and experiencing a state of emotional unrest. On the other hand, workers in micro enterprises had the lowest proportion of access to organizational protection resources. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that manufacturing workers at the micro enterprise in the Republic of Korea are exposed to the most hazardous work environment and yet have access to the fewest organizational protection resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to ascertain the important factors for SMEs in managing the risks of chemicals and to suggest a government role in strengthening the responsibility of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) as employers. Methods: About 100 enterprises were surveyed in Incheon. A questionnaire for employers and walk-through surveys by occupational hygienists were performed at each enterprise. Results: The results showed that most employers thought chemicals were not hazardous but chemical management was needed. When employers determine how to manage chemicals, they rely heavily on personal experience and rather less on information from the government or experts. However, if employers think the chemicals are hazardous, they do more to manage the chemicals. Conclusions: When employers think chemicals are hazardous, risk assessment would be an effective tool to control chemical hazards in SMEs. Employers' position on chemical hazards is very important. Since the government is the initiator, it is the government who develops messages for SMEs, such as "Chemicals are hazardous and management can reduce the risk of chemicals." Governmental messages can play an invaluable role in strengthening the responsibility of SME employers to manage chemical hazards.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.189-201
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• 2013

With the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the boundaries of markets become blurred, and with the increasing uncertainties and risks of the future, competition among global companies becomes more intense. Accordingly the enterprises are considering or already taking cooperation strategies with enterprises in a competitive relationship as well as cooperative enterprises in a high correlation with one's own company as a plan to actively cope with changes in management environments. Thus, a cooperation strategy is an important element for the strengthening of the competitiveness of enterprises as well as the survival of the enterprises. However most preceding studies on cooperation strategies focus only on the effects of the properties of cooperation enterprises on the selection of cooperation partner enterprises and the business performance of the enterprises. Therefore, this study carried out an empirical analysis of the motivation and purpose of the construction of cooperation strategies by enterprise and what differences there are in factors to which importance is attached in selecting partners. In addition, this study analyzed the differences depending on the size: large and small enterprises and depending on the industry: electronics and chemical industries during AHP using a pairwise comparison technique.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The occupational health and safety accidents were continuously increased during handling, usage and manufacturing the chemical materials according to increase of small and medium sized enterprises in domestic industries. These accidents mainly resulted from insufficient occupational health and safety management and deteriorative facilities and focused on corresponding operation to minimize the damage of accidents after occurrence. But, it was required that we grasped the occurrence causes of occupational health and safety risk in handling, usage and manufacturing the chemical materials and develop the adequate corresponding operation and system according to the possible occurrence of occupational health and safety risk. This study deals with the development of risk assessment model to derive the risk and important risk of occupational health and safety and then help to construct the self-controlled occupational health and safety system for small and medium sized enterprises handling the chemical materials.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.161-190
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the technological performance of national R&D programs, and to compare these factors with those that affect R&D in the machinery and chemical industry. This study also seeks to explore policy implications for the national R&D programs to meet the characteristics of each industrial technology. The results of this study are as follows: First, big enterprises create more Korean patents than small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the machinery R&D. Moreover, government-funded research institutes produce more SCI articles than enterprises in the chemical technology R&D. Second, there is no significant difference in the number of institutions that participate in the machinery technology R&D. Third, the production of Korean patents and Science Citation Index (SCI) articles on all samples in the machinery industry are influenced by government grants. For instance, in the samples, which consist of enterprises, the creation of overseas patents is influenced by the amount of government grants. Fourth, there is no significant difference in the magnitude of private investment, regardless of the sample and industry. In conclusion, different factors influence the technological performances of the national R&D programs in the chemical and machinery technology R&D. This shows that it is necessary to consider the characteristics of industry-specific technology when making science and technology policies for the national R&D programs.