• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.421-425
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the soft tissue changes of the midfacial area at the repose position and the natural smiling position for the improvement of evaluation and planning in the orthognathic surgery. Methods: The total of 30 subjects, 15 male and 15 female, were included in this study. The metal point landmarks were placed at the cheek, orbital rim, subpupil, and nasal base. The movements of the landmarks were evaluated at the repose position and smiling position in the lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms. Paired t test and correlation analysis were used for the evaluation of the soft tissue changes statistically. Results: In the lateral cephalograms, the cheek point (4.49 mm in female, 4.87 mm in male) showed the most distant movement. All points presented significant movements, except the orbital rim and nasal base point in male. Cheek point presented significant positive correlation between the horizontal and vertical change in male. Subpupil point presented significant positive correlation between horizontal and vertical change in both male and female. In the posteroanterior cephalograms, the nasal base point (5.41 mm in female, 6.30 mm in male) showed the most distant movement. Subpupil point and nasal base point presented significant movements in both female and male. Nasal base point presented significant negative correlation between the horizontal and vertical change in both male and female. In the lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms, the positional changes of all points presented significant positive correlation with each other in both female and male. Conclusion: The cheek point in the sagittal view and the nasal base point in the frontal view showed the most distant movement on smile. In the sagittal view, the subpupil point and cheek point moved anteriorsuperiorly on smile. In the frontal view, the nasal base points moved laterosuperiorly on smile. In both the sagittal and frontal view, the positional changes of all point were highly correlated to each other. These results may be used in the soft tissue references for the treatment planning of the dentofacial deformity patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

Prediction of the soft tissue changes following hard tissue movement is very important from the esthetic view point for patients who have orthognathic surgery. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone and soft tissue on the lower lip and chin region but few soft tissue analysis on the midface after mandibular setback surgery. This study was performed to obtain whether the mandibular posterior movement has influence on the midface and the predictable ratio of post-operative measurement values of the soft tissue changes following mandibular setback surgery. Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery were selected and analyzed the soft tissue movement on the upper lip and the cheek region. Post-operative changes of the soft tissue measurements after mandibular surgery were examined on pre- and post-operative cephalometrics and the ratio of changes were analyzed after drawing the reference line on the face with the barium sulfate solution. The reference lines were perpendicular to the intercanthal line from infraorbital foramen and lateral canthus. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were tendancy of anterior movement of soft tissue adjacent the nose after mandibular surgery 2. There were incerased tendancy of the amount of anterior movement from the nasal crease to the cheek region. 3. The amount of anterior movement of the soft tissue was larger below the palatal plane compared with above the palatal plane in the cheek region. 4. The upper lip length was increased and moved posterior direction after mandibular setback surgery 5. The lower lip was moved posterior direction by posterior movement of the mandibular structure 6. Soft tissue of the midface around the nose moved anterior direction after mandibular setback surgery but there was no correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the amount of the soft tissue changes

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.561-569
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• 1999

The present case illustrates an arteriovenous malformation of the cheek in a 25-year-old male. The clinical presentation. radiographic findings, differential diagnosis, treatment and histopathologic description are presented. Diagnosis of the lesion was confirmed by angiography, and the lesion was treated by angiographically controlled vascular embolization followed by complete surgical excision.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1977

The author thought that the results of cytologic tests could be changed according to the fixative methods. So the author has studied several methods of fixing exfolaiative cells collected from normal adult cheek mucosa with a solution of equal parts of ether and 95% ethylalcohol, 95 ethylalcohol and Isoprophyl alcohol, and compared the results with each other. The results were as follows : The effects of fixation, and staining efficiency of nucleus and protoplasm are similar in each method, but the staining efficiency of cytoplasm and the conversation of cytoplasmic membrane were best in 95% ethylalcohol.

• Proceedings of The Korean Cleft Lip And Palate Association
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.25-25
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• 1998

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

o Cohort study became the major approach to study of chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer o Cohort can be population-based or volunteer-based o Types of be population-be categorized by source population and selection mechanism o More and more cohort studies involve biological specimens, such as blood, urine, toenail, cheek cells, etc. o Multi-center and multi-national collaboration is an effective way to increase sample size. o Current statistical method typically use time-to-event analysis by Cox proportional hazard model.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.20 no.4 s.222
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• pp.36-42
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• 1988

자조금제도(cheek off system)를 실시해야 된다는 의견들을 심심치 않게 듣고 있다. 양축가들의 관심이 매우 높기 때문이다. 언제 누가 어떻게 교육을 하였기에 이렇게 여론이 조성되었는지 참으로 신기할 따름이다. 자조금에 대한 이야기를 계속하다 보면 많은 양축가들이 자조금만 실시되면 우리 업계의 모든 문제들이 한꺼번에 해결되는 만병통치약으로 알고 있는데 놀라지 않을 수 없다. 값이 떨어지면 즉시 수매비축하고 이 돈으로 유통구조도 개선하여 문제들을 해결한다는 것이다. 일은 사람이 하고 유능한 사람을 구해서 일을 하려면 돈이 필요하고 돈을 모으는 방법과 사용처에 대한 업계의견을 들어 본다.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.227-230
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• 2018

"Paraffinoma" is a well-recognized complication of paraffin oil injection into various body parts for an aesthetic purpose. After a variable latency phase, paraffinoma can present as a wide range of clinical symptoms. This paper is a case report of surgical excision of the paraffinoma and subsequent reconstruction of the associated skin defect on bilateral preauricular cheeks, manifesting 50 years after a primary injection.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.210-214
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• 1990

We used cervicofacial flap in reconstruction of Cheek detects with good results. So we recommended its use in reconstruction of large cheek defects.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.853-862
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of self-report symptoms for temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and related factors in the third grade students of high school. Methods : A total of 1,043 high school the 3rd students age 16 20 completed a questionnaire from 11 high schools in Andong city from April to June 2010. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference of TMD number. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on TMD number. Results : 1. Students who have one TMD were 71.3%, two 41.7% and over three 25.7%, respectively. 2. The number of TMD symptom of students who have no good habits such as clenching, bite lip and cheeks, resting on hand, chewing gum, hard foods, and unilateral chewing was a statistically significant higher than those who doesn't have ones(p=0.00). 3. TMD number of students who have been under more stress was a significantly higher than those who didn't have been(p=0.00). 4. Bite lip and cheek(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.037), chewing gum(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.029), resting on hand(${\beta}$=0.04, p=0.006), hard foods(${\beta}$=0.07, p=0.000), and stress out(${\beta}$=-0.03, p=0.018) were significantly associated with TMD number by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions : Variables associated with TMD were bite lip and cheek, chewing gum, resting on hand, hard foods, and stress out factor. According to our findings, it is so important to teach good habits on oral health to the 3rd grade students in high school. Further prospective study should explore cause of TDM from those variables.