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Study on the Correlation between Patients Complaints of Dyspepsia and Stress -Through comparison between functional dyspepsia patients and nonsymptomatic chronic gastritis patients- (소화불량(消化不良)과 과심상(過心傷)의 상관성(相關性)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察) -스트레스, 기울(氣鬱), 비병증(脾病證)의 평가(評價)를 통(通)해-)

  • Kim, Jin-Sung;Yoon, Sang-Hyub;Ryu, Bong-Ha;Ryu, Ki-Won;Lee, Sang-Wook
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.306-317
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    • 2004
  • Background & Object : Dyspepsia for which no organic causes are disclosed is referred to as functional dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia is here studied in connection with a biopsychosocial model. From the aspect of individual response to external environment, in connection with stress response, functional dyspepsia is studied by both the psychology department and the internal medicine departments. The disease is taken as approachable from the aspect of internal injury due to seven emotions and stress as differentiated by Oriental medicine. Materials and Methods : Targeted at 223 patients underwent medical checks and endoscopy at Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University. They agreed to join this clinical experiment. Stress response inventory, GARS (global assessment of recent stress scale), GSRS (gastrointestinal symptom rating scale), diagnostic scores for Ki-depression, and Spleen Disease Differentiation of Syndromes were all measured and evaluated. The test group was comprised of functional dyspepsia patients. The control group was comprised of nonsymptomatic chronic gastritis patients who were found to suffer from chronical gastritis in endoscopy and thus could be diagnosed with functional dyspepsia if symptoms would arise, but did not complain of subjective symptoms. Results showed these corelations: Functional dyspepsia patients were found to have more serious Ki-depression compared to nonsymptomatic chronic gastritis patients. The more serious Ki-depression the more serious the dyspepsia symptoms. The higher the stress response inventory the more serious the dyspepsia. Deficiency of spleen Eum, and Deficiency and Sinking of spleen Gi were found to coincide with serious Ki-depression.

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Development of 3 layer EVM(Earned Value Management) Guideline for XP(eXtreme programming) based on CMMI (CMMI기반의 XP를 위한 3단계 EVM 적용 지침 개발)

  • Jeong, Mi-Seo;Han, Hyuk-Soo
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.155-163
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    • 2008
  • Project Monitoring and Control is one of the required activities in project management. This activity provides the information about whether a project is making a progress as it is planned. It is usually performed in weekly meetings or milestone meetings where the project manager checks the project's current status based on project measures such as schedule, cost and work performance. One of the popular method for project monitoring and control is EVM(Earned Value Management). The major characteristic of EVM is that it uses only one measure 'cost' for schedule and work performance so that it enables 2 independent graphs to be illustrated in one integrated graph based on cost. For applying EVM to a project, it is essential to break whole work to work packages and to assign value of cost to each work package at the initial stage of the project. Therefore EVM is well matched with the lifecycle which requires whole plan at the beginning of project. However, in XP(eXtreme Programming), whole customer requirements are difficult to define and to make a complete plan at the beginning and are more detailed in each Iteration. Therefore EVM is not comfortable method for XP. Therefore in this research we suggest 3 layer EVM which can be applied in XP, and develop a process guidelines based on CMMI(Capability Maturity Model Integration) PMC(Project Monitoring and Control) process area.

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An Empirical Study about Students' Attitudes over the Loss and Mutilation of Research Materials in University Library - with an Emphasis on Research Analyses of 1989 and 1994 - (대학 도서관 자료의 분실과 훼손에 대한 이용자들의 태도에 관한 경험적 연구 -1989년과 1994년의 조사분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Kang Mia Hye
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.28
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    • pp.83-107
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitudes of students, who are used to study at the Library of Duksung Women's University, concerning about the loss and mutilation of books, articles and other research materials m a university library, and to take measures for preventing the library materials from being lost and mutilated. This study made the surveys of student's recognition about the immoral behaviors like larcenous and mutilating acts, the causes of such destructive works and effective preventive measures to keep library materials in good condition, including student's opinion about library services. The investigations were conducted in two times with the same questionnaire on randomly selected 480 students and 540 students of 1989 and 1994 respectively. The sample size is estimated to reach each $10\%$ of the total number of students of 1989 and 1994 in Duksung Women's University. And then, the students were divided into two groups. The one is a group that has had experiences stealing and mutilating the materials from the Library of the University. The other is another group which has done none of them. Thereafter the responses of the two groups are analyzed to compare the differences of the students' behaviors between 1989 and 1994, and thereby finding out important factors inviting the loss and mutilation and accordingly improving effective checks to deter the students from stealing and mutilating the library materials. Some of the research findings suggested in this paper are pointed out as follows: 1) The students who has experienced neither stealing nor mutilating the library materials visited the library more frequently and are more serious about such destructive behavior as stealing and mutilating. 2) The attitudes of the students about services and equipments supplied by the library are slightly different among the students who experienced such immoral activities or not. For example, the experienced students had more preference about an application of self-help duplicating machine being able to use card. 3) To prevent the students from stealing and mutilating the library materials, the non-experienced students demanded an education for them to duly recognize the public interest of the library and also suggested to keep more duplicate materials ready in the library, meanwhile, the experienced students indicated strongly such proposals as strict regulations against stealing and mutilating behaviors, having a correct understanding of costing a lot of time and money to restore the damaged materials to their original state and keeping many duplicates ready in the library. 4) It appears to be that there were different between the experienced and non- experienced students concerning causes invited stealing and mutilated behaviors. 5) Over all, the number of the non-experienced students is more increased in 1994 than that of 1989.

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A Tactical Internet Geocasting Protocol for Efficient Message Delivery (효율적인 메시지 전달을 위한 전술인터넷 지오캐스팅 프로토콜)

  • Yoon, Sun-Joong;Ko, Young-Bae
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.34 no.10B
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    • pp.1050-1061
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    • 2009
  • The Tactical Internet(TI) managed by Infantry Brigades is used for the purpose of sharing information of Command Control and Situation Awareness. When there are more than two destinations to transmit data in the TI system, a multicasting is utilized based on pre-defined multicast groups. However even in the case when a source node needs to send some messages like weathercast and attack alarm etc to only a part of Battalion or Brigades in a specific geographical region (destination region), the current TI multicasting protocol is designed to transmit the messages to the pre-defined group or all of the Battalion/Brigade nodes, resulting in inefficiency in terms of end-to-end delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose more efficient protocol for such cases, named as "Tactical Internet Geocasting (TIG)". The proposed scheme firstly checks whether the destination region belongs to one Battalion region or more than two Battalion regions using location information, and then performs a greedy forwarding from the source node to the destination region, followed by a local flooding inside of the destination region. With performance analysis and simulations using NS-2, TIG is compared to the current TI multicasting protocol (i.e., Simplified MDP) and the LBM (Location-based Multicast). The simulation results show that the proposed TIG is more efficient than both in terms of delay and network overhead.

Comparison of Behaviour of Straight and Curved Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls from Numerical Analysis Results (수치해석을 통한 보강토옹벽 직선부와 곡선부의 거동 특성)

  • Jung, Hyuk-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.83-92
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    • 2017
  • This paper deals with numerical analysis of behavior of curved mechanically stabilized earth(MSE) walls with geosynthetics reinforcement. Unlike typical concrete retaining walls, MSE wall enables securing stability of higher walls without being constrained by backfill height and is currently and widely used to create spaces for industrial and residential complexes. The design of MSE walls is carried out by checking external stability, similarly to the external checks of conventional retaining wall. In addition, internal stability check is mandatory. Typical stability check based on numerical analysis is done assuming 2-dimensional condition (plane strain condition). However, according to the former studies of 3-dimensional MSE wall, the most weakest part of a curved geosynthetic MSE wall is reported as the convex location, which is also identified from the studies of the laboratory model tests and field monitoring. In order to understand the behaviour of the convex location of the MSE wall, 2-dimensional analysis clearly reveals its limitation. Furthermore, laboratory model tests and field monitoring also have restriction in recognizing their behaviour and failure mechanism. In this study, 3-dimensional numerical analysis was performed to figure out the behaviour of the curved part of the geosynthetic reinforced wall, and the results of the straight-line and curved part in the numerical analysis were compared and analysed. In addition, the behaviour characteristics at each condition were compared by considering the overburden load and relative density of backfill.

A Validation Study on the Drive Ability Cognitive Assessment Tool of Elderly Drivers (고령자 운전능력 인지 검사 도구의 타당화 연구)

  • Cheong, Moon Joo;Lee, Young Mi;Seo, Puluna
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.298-308
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    • 2020
  • This study was designed to verify reliability and feasibility by analyzing elderly drivers' ability test tools for older drivers aged 65 or older, which were improved in 2018 and are currently being conducted by the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. Only those aged 65 or older who voluntarily applied to the elderly driving ability evaluation system implemented by the Seoul branch of the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. The research was conducted for about 50 days until Aug. 31, 2018, starting with the registration and inspection of the first study subjects. The analysis performed a correlation analysis with existing tools and cognitive testing tools (MMSE_K) to determine their feasibility and reliability as an improved tool in 2018. As a result, the first, the speed distance, time-space memory, and dispersionism of each sub-component of the old version showed statistically significant static correlation with the sub-factor of the current version. Persistence, on the other hand, was not statistically significant to the current version. The limitations of this study were as follows. Most of the people in the study were highly educated and residents in the metropolitan area. Therefore, it is likely that the results of MSE_K, which checks cognitive and judgment skills, have been upgraded. Also, cognitive tools that are measured by computers are likely to have real measurement errors for generations who are not familiar with computers. Therefore, it is expected that improvement and development of tools for improving the limit points at the site and assessing actual operation capability will be required.

A Study of Prevention Model the Spread of Phishing Attack for Protection the Medical Information (의료정보 보호를 위한 피싱공격 확산방지모델 연구)

  • Choi, Kyong-Ho;Chung, Kyung-Yong;Shin, Dong-Kun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.273-277
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    • 2013
  • Phishing attacks have been implemented in smarter, more advanced ways with the passage of time. Hackers use intelligent phishing attacks to take over computers and to penetrate internal networks in major organizations. So, in this paper, a model for a prevention of phishing attack spread is conceptual designed in order to protect internal users and sensitive or important information from sophisticated phishing attacks. Internal users simultaneously utilize both external web and organizational mail services. And hackers can take the both side equally as a vector. Thus, packets in each service must be monitored and stored to recognize threatening elements from both sides. The model designed in this paper extends the mail server based security structure used in conventional studies for the protection of Internet mail services accessed by intranet users. This model can build a list of phishing sites as the system checks e-mails compared to that of the method that directly intercepts accesses to phishing sites using a proxy server, so it represents no standby time for request and response processes.

Influencing of Electrical Stimulation to Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Ganglion on the Temperature Change of Body Surface (경흉교감신경절부의 전기자극의 체표면 체열변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang Tae-Yeun;Park Rae-Joon;Kim Tae-Yul;Kim Yong-Nam
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.121-132
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to determine the influencing of electrical stimulation to cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion(CTSG; stellate ganglion) u the sympathetic tone. For the purpose of this study. the stimulation was given to both the interferential current stimulation(ICS: AMF 100Hz) group consisting of 10 person(males 8, females 2) and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation(TENS: 100 Hz) group of 10(males 7, females 3) in the right side of the trachea with probe electrodes. Then. the temperature changes on the surfaces of the forehead. cheek, neck and internal ear of cephalocervix, which is subject to the influence of the cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion, and the palm. which is the end of the upper limbs. measured before. immediately alter. 10 minutes after and 20 minutes after experiment. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The emergence of remarkable Horner's symptoms which appear due to the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion was not seen. However, in the interferential current stimulation group there were two felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and one person who felt it in the upper limbs, and in the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group there was each one person who felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and in the upper limbs, respectively. Both groups have each one person who felt the sense of oppression in the eyelids. Three persons of the interferential current stimulation group and two persons of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group have the sense of hoarse voice or numbness in the neck. These are the symptoms that appeared during stimulation, so it is difficult for them to be considered as the direct effects of the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion. 2. The t-test was performed to determine the significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significant changes were seen in the necks of the interferential current stimulation group and in the cheeks and internal ears of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation immediately after experiment(P<.05). And the interferential current stimulation group showed a very high significance in the cheeks immediately after experiment and in the necks ten minutes after experiment(p<.01). Therefore, it could be seen that the electrical stimulation had an influencing on the changes of body temperature of the cephalocervix. 3. In both the interferential current stimulation group and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group, the forecheads, checks and necks of the cephalocervix in the experimental side(right) rather than the non-experimental side(left) had mostly a statistically significant rise in temperature immediately after experiment. The one-way ANOVA was carried out to determine the temperature change of on the surface of the body with the lapse of time; before, immediately after, ten minutes after and tewenty minutes after experiment. But no statistical significance was found from both the right and left sides.

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Real Option Study on Cookstove Offset Project under Emission Allowance Price Uncertainty (배출권 가격 불확실성을 고려한 고효율 쿡스토브 보급사업 실물옵션 연구)

  • Lee, Jaehyung
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.219-246
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    • 2020
  • From the Phase II (2018~2020) of K-ETS, the offset credit from 'CDM projects that domestic companies and others have carried out in foreign countries' can be used in the K-ETS. As a result, stakeholders in the K-ETS market are actively developing overseas CDM projects, such as the 'high-efficiency cook stove project'. which can secure a large amount of credits while marginal cost is relatively low. This paper develops the investment decision-making model of offset project for the 'high-efficiency cook stove project' using the real option approach. Under the uncertainty of the emission allowance price, the optimal investment threshold (p) is derived and sensitivity analysis is conducted. As a result, in the standard scenario (PoA-S), the optimal investment threshold is 29,054won/ton, which is lower than the stock price (pspot). However, allocation entities are not only economics in the CDM project, but also CDM risk factors such as non-renewable biomass ratio, cook stove replacement ratio, equity ratio with host country, investment period and submission limitation of emission allowance. In addition, offset project developers will be able to derive the optimal investment threshold for each business stage and use it for economic feasibility checks.

Aging Deterioration for Electric Power Transmission Tower on Offshore Through Periodic Inspections (해상송전철탑 구조물의 주기점검을 통한 경년열화 변화특성)

  • Lee, Ho Beom;Jang, Il Young
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2012
  • In electric power transmission tower structures on offshore, implementation of life management using the event data of regular safety inspections for structural and material damages is strongly recommended. In this study, six tower structures in Sihwa Lake around Yeoungheung island were target bodies for the safety inspections. safety inspections for deterioration about each of six towers were performed about three items for steel member, five items for concrete foundation, and four items for steel-pipe pile in seawater and seawater itself. Safety inspections for steel members included the visual observations of surface appearances, the measurements of member thicknesses, and the checks of painting states. Also safety inspections for concrete foundations comprised the estimation of crack features, the evaluation of non-destructive compression strengths, and the measurements of neutralization depths and chlorides contents. For steel-pipe piles in seawater the inspections comprised the surveys of corrosion states in accordance with potential levels tests and anode tests, the analyses of photos taken on surfaces of the piles as well as the evaluation of seawater quality. A set of deterioration inspections was performed at the same positions around october of each year for three consecutive years. As a result in this study, Newly developed deterioration indexes have been applied profitably to maintain structural safety for electric power transmission towers by utilizing these event data systematically.