• 복식
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2008

This study focuses on the analysis of Baudelaire's aesthetic perspective which has established a theoretical basis on research of the critical reviews' salon exhibitions as written by Baudelaire. Charles Pierre Baudelaire(1821-1867) having lived during the latter part of Neo-classicism and the era of Romanticism and Impressionism, Baudelaire displayed opposition to customary realities such as social ideology or religious authority that suppressed human nature. Also he pioneered a new genre known as art criticism and wrote much that provided important insights on the essential elements of artistic work, modernity and trend, as well as art definition and art categories. The aesthetic perspective and creative spirit were formed by Baudelaire, during his age were also reconfirmed in the successive ages of modernism and postmodernism. As such, this study sheds light on how Baudelaire's aesthetic perspective was not only temporarily assertion but it is consistently applied to modern art and fashion area. What is more important that, Baudelaire admired new artificial beauty that is created by the human soul liberated from natural instincts or desires. Especially, informed by strangeness and distinctiveness, Baudelaire's view of fashion ran along the same vein as his view of art, and these views form the basis of that creative spirit which situated western fashion on a center of the world. In conclusion, the research on Baudelaire's aesthetic perspective will reaffirm a firm awareness of the creative spirit essential to globally-oriented creative artists and designers who work within the circumstance of the 21st century, a time when the paving of new aesthetic paths is necessary. The research also offers a clear understanding of the aesthetic values demanded by this age.

• 철학연구
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• 제143권
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• pp.245-266
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• 2017

발터 벤야민의 독특한 개념인 아우라는 주로 "사진의 작은 역사" (1931), "기술복제" 시대의 예술작품 (1935-1939), "보들레르의 몇 가지 모티프에 관하여"(1939)에서 제시되지만, 지금까지 연구는 주로 앞의 두 텍스트에 의거하여 논의되었다. 그러나 벤야민이 보들레르 연구를 통해 아우라 개념을 심화시켰다는 점에서 이 개념은 "보들레르의 몇 가지 모티프에 관하여"의 논의를 중심으로 다시 검토될 필요가 있다. 그는 "아케이드 프로젝트" 의 구상 아래 보들레르 연구에 몰두했지만, 1938년 보들레르 연구를 독자적인 저작으로 낼 생각을 하면서 이 연구는 새로운 지평을 획득하게 되며, "보들레르에게서 제2제정기의 파리"(1938)를 거쳐 이 연구의 최종 결과물인 "보들레르의 몇 가지 모티프에 관하여"로 수렴된다. 벤야민에게 보들레르는 후광을 상실한 시대의 시인이며 자본주의 전성기에 대도시와 군중이라는 새로운 시적 모티프를 전면적으로 발전시켰고 나아가 아우라의 상실을 누구보다 예리하게 증언한 시인이다. 그는 대도시의 충격 체험을 시적 양분으로 받아들여 대도시의 군중 속에서 시를 찾는다. "보들레르의 몇 가지 모티프에 관하여"에서 아우라는 시선의 응답, 또는 시선을 부여할 수 있는 능력으로 규정되는데, 이렇게 인간뿐만 아니라 동물, 심지어 사물에게도 시선을 열 수 있는 능력을 부여하는 것은 시적 능력이다. 벤야민에 따르면, 하나의 시선이 그 시선의 대상에게 시선의 응답을 받을 때 우리는 그 대상의 아우라를 체험한다. 반면에 사진이나 영화 같은 기술복제 매체는 시선을 돌려받고자 하는 기대 자체를 좌절시키기 때문에 아우라의 붕괴를 가져온다.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-97
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• 2010

Representation of destitution may be considered as an expression of a social desire toward forging a bond or solidarity with the impoverished. However, political and ethical demands of the solidarity force the formulaic framework structuring the form of representation to its limits. The thesis aims to examine the responses to such demands within the tradition of modernist literature that can be traced from Charles Baudelaire, Knut Hamsun to Franz Kafka and that somehow culminates with Samuel Beckett, and to analyze how the issue of destitution that weaves through Beckett's works criticizes and inherits such a heritage. Whereas destitution in 19th century Realism is structurally fixed and its potential for change is inherently excluded, for these writers, destitution is no longer the state of rigid reality in which any possibility is limited. It is destitution as an imperative that calls for exploitation of possibilities that can be recuperated from the impoverished condition of destitution. What these writers consistently resist against is destitution that leads to compensation and reward. Since occupying a superior position toward the other as the subject of description or sympathy can be seen as one form of profit or reward, they have persistently pursued absolute solitariness and austere conditions rather than prematurely simulating a sense of solidarity and community. The ultimate goal of destitution as an imperative is to pursue destitution in order to worsen it by identifying and then excluding and expending possessions and assets to a state of penury. This is a paradoxical process that opens up the realm of possibilities of destitution and redefines it as abundance and wealth. Destitution for Beckett as seen in the writers above is the objective of literature. But, what he focuses on is to amplify the shreds of economic world that still remain in a state of poverty and to reveal extreme poverty as a state of odd affluence and to transform it into a pursuit of accumulation and profit. One of his famous axioms, "less is more", contains the essence of such a paradoxical strategy. In a sense, such approach is a twist on the strategy that identifies and uses any remaining potential hidden in destitution as was pursued by other writers. It also expands on the imagination of the destitute described by Hamsun. But Hamsun and Beckett are diametrical opposites. Unlike Hamsun, Beckett does not link imagination with a sense of guilt. Imagination is not intended to overcome the destitute reality nor to culminate in artistic martyrdom as in the case of Kafka's hunger artist. The imagination of the impoverished in Beckett is simply a hilarious game and not an escape that ends in a sense of guilt. This game formulates a "rhetorical question" or derision at the ironical situation where the pursuit of hunger and art as the disinterestedness has been turned into symbolic capital. It is inherently a fundamental critique at the aestheticization of destitution that has been pursued by Modernism. Beckett's efforts at divulging falsehood inherent in non-profit acts such as charity, donation and hospitality are dissections of social fictions in which aestheticization of destitution remains a part of the whole.