• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2021

The mass spectrometry (MS) provides the mass-to-charge ratios of atoms, molecules, stable/metastable complexes, and their fragments. I have taken a long journey with MS to address outstanding issues and problems by experiments and theory and gain insights into underlying principles in chemistry. By looking through the mass-to-charge ratio, I have studied thermochemical problems in silicon chemistry, the infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy of organometallic intermediates, unimolecular dissociations of halotoluene radical cations, and the kinetics of association/dissociation of alkali halide triple ions with Lewis bases. Various MS platforms have been used to characterize non-covalent interactions between porphyrins and fullerenes and those between the group IIB ions and trioctylchalcogenides, and to examine the binding of the group IA, IIA and porphyrin ions to G-quadruplex DNA. Recently, I have focused on mass-balanced H/D isotope dipeptide tags for MS-based quantitative proteomics, a simple chemical modification method for MS-based lipase assay, and the kinetics and dynamics of energy-variable collision-induced dissociation of chemically modified peptides. Now, I see an important role of MS in global issues in the post-COVID era, as the society demands high standards for indoor air quality to contain the airborne-pathogen transmission as well as in-situ monitoring and tracking of carbon emissions to reduce global warming.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권10호
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• pp.2005-2010
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• 2009

Water droplet ejection characteristics of a point-to-plate airgap, with a wet porous point as a corona electrode, has been investigated. And the water droplet traces, charge, mass and number were measured experimentally. More particles are observed with wet porous point than metal point because the corona-discharging wet porous point can eject a number of water droplets. The water droplets ejected from the positive-corona-discharging wet porous point showed very fine traces as compared with those from the negative-corona-discharging wet porous point. Moreover, the water droplets ejected from the AC-corona-discharging wet porous point showed granular-like larger traces. It was shown that the weak corona discharge can eject smaller water droplets with larger ratio of mass-to-charge than the intense corona discharge.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine combines the combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine and a spark ignition engine. HCCI engines take advantage of the high compression ratio and heat release rate and thus exhibit high efficiency found in compression ignition engines. In modern research, simulation has be come a powerful tool as it saves time and also economical when compared to experimental study. Engine simulation has been developed to predict the performance of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. The effects of compression ratio, cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, flame temperature, rate of heat release, and mass fraction burned were simulated. The simulation and analysis show several meaningful results. The objective of the present study is to develop a combustion characteristics model for a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine running with isooctane as a fuel and effect of compression ratio.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.558-566
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• 2007

The performance characteristics of water-chilling heat pump using $CO_2$ with respect to variation of refrigerant charge amount was investigated experimentally. An experimental apparatus is consisted of a compressor, a gas cooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a liquid receiver. All heat exchangers used in the test rig are counter-flow-type heat exchangers with concentric dual tubes, which are made of copper. The gas cooler and the evaporator consist of 6 and 4 straight sections respectively arranged in parallel, each has 2400 mm length. The experimental results summarize as the followings : As the refrigerant charge ratio of $CO_2$ heat pump system increases, the discharge pressure and compressor ratio increases, but mass flow rate of refrigerant decreases. Also the compressor work increases with the increase of refrigerant charge ratio. However, the heating and cooling capacity of $CO_2$ heat pump decreases as the refrigerant charge ratio increases. The maximum heating COP of $CO_2$ heat pump system presented at 0.25 refrigerant charge ratio. It is possible to confirm the optimum charge ratio of $CO_2$ heat pump system by the viewpoint of heating COP.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.893-898
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to characterize water droplet charging performance of an electrostatic spraying nozzle for an electrostatic wet scrubber. Charge-to-mass ratios, the nozzle currents divided by the mass flow rate of water were obtained with respect to the applied voltage to the ring-electrode for 2 different flow conditions. It was shown that the charge-to-mass ratio increased in proportion to the applied voltage and tended to saturate at a certain higher voltage.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2016

A reflective electronic display that uses negatively and positively charged particles has excellent bistability, a welldefined threshold voltage, and an extremely fast response time in comparison with other reflective displays. This type of display shows images through the movement of charged particles whose motion depends on the value of q/m (charge per mass for a particle). However, the ratio q/m can easily be changed by the forces acting on the charged particles in a cell of the panel and by friction that occurs after mixing oppositely charged particles and in the particle-insertion process. In this study, we propose a method to determine the appropriate range of q/m by using the reflectivity and response time of charged particles to modify q/m. In this manner, the electrical and optical properties of reflective displays are improved.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

A cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at spark plug and the combustion characteristics of inhomogeneous charge methane-air mixture under several parameters. The flow characteristics such as mean velocity and turbulence intensity was analyzed by hot wire anemometer. Combustion pressure development measured by piezoelectric pressure transducer was used to investigate the effect of initial charge pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on combustion pressure and combustion duration. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value at 200 or 300ms and then decreased to beneath 0.05m/s gradually at 3 seconds. Second mixture is accompanied by an increase in the combustion rate, and that the higher the mass which is added in the second stage injection, the faster the burn rate.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

A cylindrical constant-volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at the spark electrode gap and the combustion characteristics of an inhomogeneous charge methane-air mixture under several parameters such as stratified pattern, initial charge pressure, ignition time and the excess air ratio of the initial charge mixture. Flow characteristics including mean velocity and turbulence intensity were analyzed by a hot-wire anemometer. The combustion pressure development, measured by a piezo-electric pressure transducer, was used to investigate the effect of initial charge pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on combustion pressure and combustion duration. It was found that the mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value around 200-300 ms and then decreased gradually to near-zero value at 3000 ms. For the stratified patterns, the combustion rate under the rich injection (RI) condition was the fastest. Under the initial charge conditions, the second mixture was accompanied by an increase in the combustion rate, and that the higher the mass which is added in the second stage injection, the faster the combustion rate.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.904-912
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• 2019

본 연구는 항공기에 근접하여 폭발하는 고폭형 위협 무기의 파편 발사속도 및 발사각을 수치 해석적으로 추정한 결과이다. 고폭형 위협 무기에 대한 항공기의 취약성을 평가하기 위하여 탄두 구성품의 물리량을 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 고폭형 위협 무기에 대한 구성품의 질량, 길이 및 직경 등 물리적 변수는 알려져 있지 않다. Terrier, Sparrow 등 유사 위협 무기들의 데이터를 이용하여 charge to mass 비율, 길이와 직경 비율 등과 관련된 경험식을 수치 해석적으로 유도하였다. 근접신관에 의하여 외부에 폭발하는 탄두에서 탄두 덮개 구성비는 20% 수준으로 나타났으며, 고폭 화약의 양쪽 끝부분에서 방사되는 파편의 발사속도 구배 현상이 뚜렷이 나타났지만 법선 방향에 대한 발사각은 6° 이내로 나타났다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

Understanding the mechanisms that control and concentrate the observed electrospray ionisation (ESI) response from peptides is important. Controlling these mechanisms can improve signal-to-noise ratio in the mass spectrum, and enhances the generation of intact ions, and thus, improves the detection of peptides when analysing mixtures. The effects of different mixtures of aqueous: organic solvents (25, 50, 75%; v/v): formic acid solution (at pH 3.26) compositions on the ESI response and charge-state distribution (CSD) during mass spectrometry (MS) were determined in a group of biologically active peptides (molecular wt range 1.3 - 3.3 kDa). The ESI response is dependent on type of organic solvent in the mobile phase mixture and therefore, solvent choice affects optimal ion intensities. As expected, intact peptide ions gave a more intense ESI signal in polar protic solvent mixtures than in the low polarity solvent. However, for four out of the five analysed peptides, neither the ESI response nor the CSD were affected by the volatility of the solvent mixture. Therefore, in solvent mixtures, as the composition changes during the evaporation processes, the $pK_b$ of the amino acid composition is a better predictor of multiple charging of the peptides.