• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of social carrying capacity at mega-events, especially the 2000 Kwangju Biennale in Korea. In particular, this paper has proposed some management policies for mega events taking into account the relations between social carrying capacity, satisfaction and crowding. The research method was to look into the general characteristics and distributive forms of the location, and then to confirm the possibility of sampling the factors involved in satisfaction degree; last, A factor analysis for causal analysis of perceived crowding was performed. The study needed correlation analysis in order to compare expected crowding and perceived crowding, and performed regression to examine the causality of perceived crowding and satisfaction. The research results were as follows: the correlation of expected crowding, perceived crowding, and the total satisfaction was very low or meaningless. The relation between satisfaction and elements for factor analysis such as convenient facilities and value experience showed partial meaningfulness. The factors of convenient facilities, entrance fee, parking lot use, toilet convenience, and exhibit room use had meaningful results; on the other hand, the factors of value experience showed a meaningful result in the guide service of an event place. In conclusion when those holding an event make a basic project, they should consider management measures for convenience of facilities, proper education for guide service, and systematic guidance. Also, as a method for perceived crowding lower than expected crowding, the study has proposed that it is possible to lower expected crowding by providing appropriate information on the number of tourists expected on the weekends and weekdays. Future research should control variables such as personal characteristics, seasons proper for vacation and holidays, and carefully consider their investigation and design. Moreover, it is necessary to study variables involved in expected crowding of more various space-intensive sightseeing places (mesa-events).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2021

In Korea, efforts have been made continuously to improve the environment of traditional markets concerning the issues of urban regeneration. In particular, many old cities and traditional markets face a lack of parking spaces. As a solution to this, attempts are being made to prepare underground parking spaces by designing urban planning facilities in three-dimensional ways and utilizing the upper part as a more meaningful space. This study is about the master plan to use the upper green area while creating an underground parking lot at 571 Sinmae-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu. This green area was defined as a space with dual values, 'defensive green space' that needs to be ecologically protected, and 'active cultural space' where walking flows to the market and various events are concentrated. Three specific design strategies to balance these values were presented. First, to prevent indiscriminate occupation and damage by people and maintain a healthy green environment, securing the maximum amount of undivided green space in the site was suggested. Second, a space layout and a topography and planting patterns that can overcome the morphological characteristics of narrow and long-shaped sites enable the experience of abundant green spaces. Third, providing space to strengthen the connections with nearby urban facilities such as Sinmae Market and Gosan Library can also intensively accommodate cultural activities in various cities. This study has academic significance in providing implications for urban regeneration projects with similar contexts in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.281-291
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• 2009

In Total Water Pollutant Load Management System of Korea, unit load approach based on land register data is currently used for the estimation of non-point pollutant load. However, a problem raised that land register data could not always reflect the actual land surface coverages which determine runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources. As a way to overcome this, we tried to establish quantitative relationships between the aerial images (0.4m resolution) which reflect actual land surface coverages and the land registration maps according to the 19 major designated land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed. Analyses showed different relationships according to the land-use categories. Only a few land-use categories including forestry, road and river showed essentially identical and some categories such as orchard, parking lot and sport utility site showed no relationships at all between image data and land register data. Except for the two cases, all the other categories showed statistically significant linear relationships between image data and land register data. The analyses indicate that using high resolution aerial maps is a better way to estimate non-point pollutant load. If the aerial maps are not available, application of the linear relationships as conversion factors of land register data to image data could be an possible option to estimate non-point pollutant loads for the specific land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the systematic report and analysis about Apartment VE application in Design Phase. In this study, the method of VE application is classified into foure groups-changing materials, changing a method of construction, acceptance of new technology, and use of new device. The facts found in this study can be summarized as follows. Application rate of VE is highest in building circumference parts. The main reason would be that there are many applicable factors according to locations, types of work, etc. Parking lots also show similar results with the same reason. It means there are a lot of possibility to adapt value engineering in these steps during the work. So far application of value engineering has been so limited that just small changes of process or method have been tried. One reason is the lack of challenging and the other is some characteristics of construction work which is very difficult to fix after completion. In the future, it would be more efficient to apply new technology and new device in construction work. Though these attempts have been ignored in Korea so far, there are still lots of possibilities to be developed in value engineering.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2019

Global Solar Radiation (GSR) is the key element for performance estimation of any Solar Power Plant (SPP). Its forecasting may help in estimation of power production from a SPP well in advance, and may also render help in optimal use of this power. Seasonal Auto-Regressive Moving Average (SARMA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are combined in order to develop a hybrid model (SARMA-ANN) conceiving the characteristics of both linear and non-linear prediction models. This developed model has been used for prediction of GSR at Gorakhpur, situated in the northern region of India. The proposed model is beneficial for the univariate forecasting. Along with this model, we have also used Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA), SARMA, ANN based models for 1 - 6 day-ahead forecasting of GSR on hourly basis. It has been found that the proposed model presents least RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and produces best forecasting results among all the models considered in the present study. As an application, the comparison between the forecasted one and the energy produced by the grid connected PV plant installed on the parking stands of the University shows the superiority of the proposed model.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2019

Background: Motorcycles are one of the important members of commercial transportation because of the convenient use during congested traffic conditions and the ease of parking in narrow streets. This study investigates the characteristics of crashes and traffic signal violations caused by motorcycle couriers. Methods: From the national compensation data, this study analyzed the traffic crashes caused by 671 motorcycle couriers. Results: Among 671 injured couriers, 50.6% were aged less than 40 years, 49.2% run in a small business of <5 employees, and 47.2% had work experience of <6 months. Motorcycle crashes occurred mainly due to "rider overturned alone" (67.5%), in the daytime (73.5%), or on cloudy or clear days (77.2%). However, the violation rate caused by motorcycle couriers was high in couriers in a small business of <5 employees (13.9%), with work experience of <6 months (13.9%), on cloudy or clear days (12.4%), on an intersection (29.8%), in the type of "crash with a vehicle" (31.2%), or in a death accident (35.7%) Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used as a baseline in devising policies for preventing crashes of motorcycle couriers.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

In this study, an examination and an analysis are carried out on the forms and components of the access spaces of hotel entrances from the front gate of five star hotels in Jejudo, Korea. The results of the study are as follows. In terms of the arrangement of the hotel, city hotels with a relatively narrow site area are influenced by site shape, while resort hotels with a relatively wide site area are affected by the environment. However, the location of the front gate was determined by the access road from the outside. Therefore, forms of access space are related to the front gate, which is governed by the access road, and to the entrance, which is determined by the hotel arrangement. If the front gate is in line with the hotel entrance, a straight line and the hotel are arranged vertically to the front gate(side arrangement) or the hotel is arranged horizontally to the front gate, but if the entrance is not in line with the front gate, it appears as a curved shape. However, those who use their own cars have a variety of choices for access route depending on the location of the parking lot.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

The urban heat island phenomenon that accelerates global warming has always been controversial when summer heatwaves have occurred since it was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s. In Korea, since 2014, government have been interested in Cool Roof and painted white coating on the rooftops of the aging and weak buildings, and the cool roof business has expanded nationwide. However, the roof occupies 20-25% of the entire city surface, much less than 37-45% of the pavement area consisting of roads, parking lots and sidewalks, there is a need to expand the policy of Cool Pavement as a way to reduce the urban heat island phenomenon. Domestic cities are high-rise buildings centered on apartments, and the area occupied by outer walls is larger than that of rooftops compared to foreign low-rise buildings. Therefore, as a way to reduce the urban heat island phenomenon, there is a need for a policy to expand the Cool Roof in buildings and use Cool Wall in parallel. Therefore, this study aims to present the expansion of Cool Wall in buildings and Cool Pavement in urban areas, expanding the installation range of Cool Roof, by comparing and reviewing the thermal characteristics of eco-friendly ceramic coating with excellent thermal proof performance and coatings used for roof waterproofing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed the new vehicle license plates detection method which is available in a various fields, including vehicle access control, illegal parking and speeding vehicle crack down. First, we binarize an image by using difference of gaussian filter to find a sequence of numbers of plates. Second, we determine the plate region by labeling repeatedly using the morphological characteristics of the plates. Finally, we use a projective transformation for correcting the distortion that occurs because of the camera or the location of the vehicle.