• 복식
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2011

In the sense that it performs a function of communication with public, fashion illustration, which visualizes fashion information in an illustrated way, shares similar characteristics with graffiti, which represents the society of its time while having a value as a modern art itself. Therefore, the study aims to seek possibility of graffiti expression of fashion illustration, and to establish theoretical research systems for reestablishment of practical development methods of the graffiti expressions. The concrete contents of this study include followings: First, it examines the methods and characteristics of the graffiti expressions by analyzing the works of graffiti artists in order to understand the concept of graffiti and to find out the theoretical approach to it. Second, it investigates the characteristics of graffiti, and proposes concepts associated with graffiti after analyzing examples of fashion illustration which graffiti expressions are reflected. Third, it draws meanings that the use of graffiti expressions has in fashion illustration. In conclusion, graffiti expressions in fashion illustration are used in brand logos and text, human body deformation and omissions, autonomous expressions of variety of materials, symbolism, amusement, and autonomy as they are characterized by strong colors to express significance.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제29호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to forecast characteristics of dynamic expression in the architecture design by analyzing characteristics and trends in dynamic expressions of the architecture classified by period. The various architectural trends, even in the transition of new paradigm after collapse of the CIAM, consistently expresses dynamics of architecture. In this study, it regards the inherent characteristics of the architecture design as expression of space organization and modelling and it views dynamic expression is important element of the architecture design. The case study shows that the architecture of passed 50 years, the key element of the dynamic expressions are expression of new technology and expression of one's experience. Also, it shows that the dynamic expressions of architecture in 1990's are expression of new technology which consists of lightness, fragmentation, and symbolism that reflects the trend of arts in 1990's.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2012

This study analyzed silhouette expressions in the fashion illustrations by theory based on results of studying the characteristics of the forms and meanings of the silhouette expressions in art historically. For the actual considering this study collected and categorized fashion illustrations from 1990 to the present limitedly, and clarified the meaning of the silhouette expressions. Those expressions in fashion illustrations were categorized to the 5 items; black & white silhouette, color silhoutte, pattern silhouette, paper silhouette, line silhouette. Silhouette expressions of the fashion illustrations were categorized to 3 items: metaphorical fantasy, essential minimization, anonymous representation.

• 복식
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

This study is a discussion of the expressive characteristics of contemporary fashion design with floral images. It aims to help understand the overall trends of contemporary fashion design and textile motif design and expand the potential expression fields of originative design to natural objects such as flowers. Methodologically the study analyzed 976 pieces of data gathered from Haute Couture and Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-Porter collections of 2005S/S-2009F/W, according to their types of expression. The study results show a share of 42.7% for plane type expressions by printing or weaving and a share of 51.5% for relief type expressions, compared with 5.7% for solid type expressions. However, those expressions represented elegant femininity with emphasis on formative beauty and were applied to fashion accessories or hair adornments. The expressive characteristics found from the analysis were represented by natural images, feminine elegance, and decorative aesthetics of handicrafts. Flowers in the contemporary fashion purify the internal emotions of humankind stand for personality and beauty in many different ways of expression and serve as a means of expressing more artistic values breaking out of stereotype.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.577-592
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to propose various directions for effectively proposing window displays that satisfy changing consumer needs by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of unexpected expressions used in recent Christmas windows. Research was conducted by investigating unexpectedness in window displays through literature reviews and previous studies. To observe unexpectedness in Christmas windows, website-based case images of window displays from the six years between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the department stores of Bergdorf Goodman, Printemps, Selfridges, and Isetan. Unexpected expressions in department-store Christmas window displays could be categorized into four expressive methods of hybrid expressions, figurative expressions, amusing expressions, and exaggerative expressions. The results were as follows: First, hybrid expressions are interpreted by consumers as having new or diverse meanings that change the original external forms of subjects or objects. Second, Christmas colors are used in the window backgrounds' figurative expressions, but these windows do not use excessive expressions; furthermore, these windows personify people as animals and anthropomorphize animals as people, using subjects to depict other subjects to show unfamiliar images. Third, amusing expressions are used to decorate windows with unique and novel ideas that provide stimulation and amusement for customers and capture their attention through the composition of windows that entail childish props and elements that create funny. Fourth, exaggerative expressions deliberately stretch and expand subjects or objects in windows to elicit customers' curiosity and interest through emphasis.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.227-227
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine on sperm characteristics and gene expressions(bax and Gpx) in fresh boar semen during in vitro storage. The motility of spermatozoa in Modena, Modana plus taurine 25 mM, Modana plus taurine 50 mM, Modana plus taurine 75 mM and Modana plus taurine 100 mM were 63.1%, 65.1%, 65.3%, 82.5% and 80.8%, respectively. (omitted)

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into several cell types. In addition, many studies have shown that MSCs modulate the immune response. However, little information is currently available regarding the maintenance of immunomodulatory characteristics of MSCs through passages. Therefore, we investigated and compared cytokine and gene expression levels from adipose (AD) and bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs relevant to immune modulation from early to late passages. METHODS: MSC immunophenotype, growth characteristics, cytokine expressions, and gene expressions were analyzed. RESULTS: AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs had similar cell morphologies and surface marker expressions from passage 4 to passage 10. Cytokines secreted by AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were similar from early to late passages. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs showed similar immunomodulatory properties in terms of cytokine secretion levels. However, the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene (TSG)-6 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G were decreased and gene expressions of galectin-1 and -3 were increased in both AD- and BM-MSCs with repeated passages. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the immunophenotype and expression of immunomodulation-related cytokines of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs immunomodulation through the passages were not significantly different, even though the gene expressions of both MSCs were different.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2012

Contemporary design of food and beverage(F&B) space reflects various needs, not only of eating, but also environmental ones. As a way of meeting this conceptual change and the various needs of contemporary consumers, kitsch expression is often utilized actively. Thus, this study intends to analyze the design characteristics and methods of kitsch expression found in contemporary F&B space and their correlations with sensitivity factors, focusing on relevant cases. Specifically, it examined the definition, origin, and changes of kitsch, and identified the sensitive role of kitsch in interior space. Next, it classified the kitsch characteristics and design methods found in interior design, finally analyzing the characteristics of kitsch expressions in contemporary F&B space by sensitivity factors and their correlations with design methods. As a consequence, it was found that the attempts in contemporary F&B space design to differentiate space through active introduction of various kitsch expressions were fulfilling the sensitive needs of changing consumers by providing new cultural experiences. That is, such attempts are considered to have improved the satisfaction of consumers who value sensitivity, by means of wide exchange of sensitivity between designers and consumers. To raise the sensitive satisfaction of consumers more in future, it is necessary to further continuous and in-depth research on the correlation between kitsch expressions and sensitivity factors in interior design.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.502-509
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• 1996

This paper is a survey on the characteristics of reduplication in Bahasa Indonesia(B1). B1 abound in reduplicated sound-symbolic expressions. like Japanes and Korean, as such reduplication is considered as one of the significant morphological processes in B1. Despite the huge number of these expressions in B1. scholarship has not hitherto paid much of attentions to their non-arbitrary characteristics nor has not explained their iconicity systematically so far. This study concerns about the needs to describe the iconic patterns of reduplication in the grammar of B1. Firstly, tense-iconicity could be shown in verbal reduplicatives. Secondly, idiomatic reduplicatives could be considered as the remnants of diachronic reduplicated sound-symbolid expressions. The iconicity of reduplication of B1 must be described in a distinct component of the grammar of B1. As one of the simple-structured languages in the world. B1 shows iconic patterns, being fundamentally language-specific, in the grammar. But at the moment, we do not have the formal lingustic tools necessary for describing iconicity. This problem could probably be solved by modifying formal conventions about rules and features.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Hotels had main functions of providing lodging and food and beverages in the past but hotels theses days have been changing fast to satisfy changes of social paradigm. Hotels are providing various services and further more they are places to represent certain local culture by various ways including improved entertaintment factors. accommodating combined purpose, enhancing characteristics and unique factors. These new trials can be analyzed as concepts of pursuing variety, sensual expression and pursuing originality. The concept of hotel shows new trend of expressions in design by the changes. These trends of expressions can be characterized with differentiation, sameness, heterogeneity, combination and time frame. In this study, by analyzing cases that these characteristics we applied for expanding the range of understanding toward new application method and expect to be applied to appropriate design concept of hotel culture in the future.