• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.634-642
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• 2001

We calculate the facet reflectivity of buried channel waveguides and ridge waveguides as a function of the waveguide width for various thicknesses using the angular spectrum method and the two dimensional field profiles obtained by the variational method (VM) and the effective index method (EIM). The variation of the reflectivity of buried channel waveguides as a function of the waveguide width is large, while that of ridge waveguides is very small. The accuracy of the field profiles necessary for the calculation of the facet reflectivity using the angular spectrum method greatly affects that of the facet reflectivity. The difference between the exact reflectivity and that using EIM increases as the waveguide width and thickness decreases due to the inaccuracy of the field profiles obtained by EIM. However, the difference between the exact reflectivity and that using VM is smaller than that using EIM regardless of waveguide width and thickness. The difference between the facet reflectivities u sing EIM and VM is small in the area where the EIM works very well.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

In this paper, in order to derive the two-dimensional field effect of n-InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs, we suggested analytical model by solving the two-dimensional Poisson's equation in both InAlAs and InGaAs regions by taking into account the longitudinal field variation, field-dependent mobility, and the continuity condition of the channel current flowing within the quantum well shaped channel. Derived expressions for long and short channel devices would be applicable to the entire operating regions in a unified manner. Simulation results show that the drain saturation current increases and the threshold voltage decreases as drain voltage increases. Compared with the conventional model, the present model may offer more reasonable explanation for the drain-induced threshold voltage roll-off, the Early effect, and the channel length modulation effect. Furthermore, it is expected that the proposed model would provide more reasonable theoretical basis for analyzing various long and short channel InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT devices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.217-227
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• 2017

The object of this study is to estimate the net volume transport and the residual flow that changed by space and time at southern part of Yeomha channel, Gyeonggi Bay. The cross-section observation was conducted at the mid-part (Line2) and the southern end (Line1) of Yeomha channel for 13 hours during neap and spring-tides, respectively. The Lagrange flux is calculated as the sum of Eulerian flux and Stokes drift, and the residual flow is calculated by using least square method. It is necessary to unify the spatial area of the observed cross-section and average time during the tidal cycle. In order to unify the cross-sectional area containing such a large vertical tidal variation, it was necessary to convert into sigma coordinate system by horizontally and vertically for every hour. The converted sigma coordinate system is estimated to be 3~5% error when compared with the z-level coordinate system which shows that there is no problem for analyzing the data. As a result, the cross-sectional residual flow shows a southward flow pattern in both spring and neap tides at Line2, and also have characteristic of the spatial residual flow fluctuation: it northwards in the main line direction and southwards at the end of both side of the waterway. It was confirmed that the residual flow characteristics at Line2 were changed by the net pressure due to the sea level difference. The analysis of the net volume transport showed that it tends to southwards at $576m^3s^{-1}$, $67m^3s^{-1}$ in each spring tide and neap tide at Line2. On the other hand, in the control Line1, it has tendency to northwards at $359m^3s^{-1}$ and $248m^3s^{-1}$. Based on the difference between the two observation lines, it is estimated that net volume transport will be out flow about $935m^3s^{-1}$ at spring tide stage and about $315m^3s^{-1}$ at neap tide stage as the intertidal zone between Yeongjong Island and Ganghwa Island. In other words, the difference of pressure gradient and Stokes drift during spring and neap tide is main causes of variation for residual current and net volume transport.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

Generally, water is taken through channels and rivers, in which there are many weirs and structures, which cross rivers and temporally hold up water. But this way has its own shortcomings. It is main reason that the water flows through structures, and backwater come into being. So it causes many water quality problems and some flood side-effects and so on. In this study, among the various movable weirs, we installed bottom-discharged and air pressure movable weir in the experimental channel. And we analyzed flowing influence, which is followed by the angle variation of movable weir. We also make further study the flow characteristic variation followed by installing entrance at the bottom to discharge the bottom water. The analysis result was that installed weir angle was increased, and the discharge also gradually increased. The installed weir angle depended on the water quantity, which can be excluded in the bottom. In case of velocity, there was increased as maximum 21.9 times, according to there is entrance or not at the bottom. And in case of water level, it showed the water level of locally above the average decrease in the upper river of weir.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: Methods: Three-dimensional CFD modeling was conducted to analyze the flow structure and discharge flow rate corresponding to the variation in the geometry of the flow channel in a microtube. Additionally, experiments were carried out, and the discharge flow rate was measured at various inlet pressures and inclination angles of the microtube. Results: The quantitative data of velocity distribution and discharge flow rate were obtained. As the width and length of the microtip increased, the discharge flow rate decreased significantly because of the increase in the loss of pressure along the microtube. As the depth of the microtip increased, the flow rate also increased because of the reduction in the flow resistance. However, in this analysis, the variation in the angle of the microtip did not influence the flow rate. From the experimental results, it was observed that the flow rate increased linearly with the increase in the inlet pressure, and the effects of the inclination angle were not clearly observed in those test cases. The values of the flow rate obtained from the experiments were significantly lower than that obtained from the CFD analysis. This is because of the distortion of the shape of the flow path inside the microtube during the fabrication process. The distortion of the flow path might decrease the flow cross-sectional area, and it would increase the flow resistance inside the microtube. The variation in the flow rate corresponding to the variation in the inlet pressure showed similar trends. Conclusions: Therefore, the results of the numerical analysis obtained from this study can be efficiently utilized for optimizing the shape of the microtip inside a microtube.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-22
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• 2014

In the past few decades, CMOS logic technologies and devices have been successfully developed with the steady miniaturization of the feature size. At the sub-30-nm CMOS technology nodes, one of the main hurdles for continuously and successfully scaling down CMOS devices is the parametric failure caused by random variations such as line edge roughness (LER), random dopant fluctuation (RDF), and work-function variation (WFV). The characteristics of each random variation source and its effect on advanced device structures such as multigate and ultra-thin-body devices (vs. conventional planar bulk MOSFET) are discussed in detail. Further, suggested are suppression methods for the LER-, RDF-, and WFV-induced threshold voltage (VTH) variations in advanced CMOS logic technologies including the double-patterning and double-etching (2P2E) technique and in advanced device structures including the fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFET and FinFET/tri-gate MOSFET at the sub-30-nm nodes. The segmented-channel MOSFET (SegFET) and junctionless transistor (JLT) that can suppress the random variations and the SegFET-/JLT-based static random access memory (SRAM) cell that enhance the read and write margins at a time, though generally with a trade-off between the read and the write margins, are introduced.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.36-42
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• 2000

We calculate the facet reflectivity as a function of the waveguide width of buried channel waveguides using the angular spectrum method and the field profiles obtained by the effective index method, the variational method and the modified variational method, respectively and discuss the results. As the waveguide width increases, the facet reflectivity of buried channel waveguides approaches to that of slab waveguides. As the waveguide width decreases, the facet reflectivity of quasi-TE mode decreases from that of slab waveguides, while that of quasi-TE mode increases from that of slab waveguides. The variation of the facet reflectivity of quasi-TE mode as a function of waveguide width is much larger than that of quasi-TM mode. When the aspect ratio is one, the difference between the facet reflectivity of quasi-TE mode and that of quasi-TM mode using the variational method and the modified variational method is negligible, while the difference between the facet reflectivity of quasi-TE mode and that of quasi-TM mode using the effective index method is large. In the case of quasi-TE mode, the facet reflectivity using the angular spectrum method and the field profiles obtained by the modified variational method could be more accurate than that obtained by the effective method. In the case of quasi-TM mode, the facet reflectivities obtained by the various methods are almost the same.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2006

A dual-channel glass coil sampling technique was used to measure hourly formaldehyde concentration in the ambient air. The dual-channel coil sampling assembly consists of three parts; an all-pyrex 28-turn coil made of 0.2-cm internal diameter glass tubing for gas-liquid contact and scrubbing of soluble gases, an inlet section upstream of the coil for introducing sample air and scrubbing solution, and a widened glass section downstream of the coil for gas-liquid separation. The scrubbing solution used was a dilute aqueous DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) solution. Hourly concentration of formaldehyde was determined at a Gwangju semi-urban site during two intensive studies between September and October using the dual channel glass-coil/DNPH sampling technique and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis. The mean concentration was 1.7($0.4{\sim}4.7$) and 3.0($0.5{\sim}19.1$) ppbv for the September and October intensives, respectively, which are considerably low, compared to those measured in polluted urban areas around the world including several urban areas of Korea. The diurnal variation showed significant increase of formaldehyde in the daytime suggesting the dominance of formation of formaldehyde due to photochemical oxidation of methane and other hydrocarbons. An increase in the formaldehyde sometimes in the night might be due to an increase in primary source, i.e. traffic emissions. It was also found that rapid increase in formaldehyde levels from 3.0 to 19.1 ppbv in the afternoon on October 20 was due to plumes from burning of agricultural wastes such as rice straw and stubble. It is expected from the measurement data that the constructed dual-channel glass coil sampling system can be utilized for measuring atmospheric concentration of the formaldehyde with high time resolution.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Turbulent flow structure in the high amplitude meandering channel is complex due to secondary recirculation with helicoidal motions and shear layers formed by flow separation from the curved sidewall. In this work, the secondary flow and the superelevation of the water surface produced in the high-amplitude Kinoshita channel are reproduced by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations using the VOF technique for resolving the variation of water surface elevation and three statistical turbulence models ($k-{\varepsilon}$, RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$, $k-{\omega}$ SST). The numerical results computed by a second-order accurate finite volume method are compared with an existing experimental measurement. Among applied turbulence models, $k-{\omega}$ SST model relatively well predicts overall distribution of the secondary recirculation in the Kinoshita channel, while all three models yield similar prediction of water superelevation transverse slope. The secondary recirculation driven by the radial acceleration in the upstream bend affects the flow structure in the downstream bend, which yields a pair of counter-rotating vortices at the bend apex. This complex flow pattern is reasonably well reproduced by the $k-{\omega}$ SST model. Both $k-{\varepsilon}$ based models fail to predict the clockwise-rotating vortex between a pair of counter-rotating vortices which was observed in the experiment. Regardless of applied turbulence models, the present computations using the VOF method appear to well reproduce the superelevation of water surface through the meandering channel.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.716-725
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• 2002

In this paper, we showed the applicability of power symmetric MSSI(Mid-Span Spectral Inversion) to the long-haul WDM system with the channel interference due to FWM(Four Wave Mixing). And we showed the degree of performance improvement. We used 1 dB EOP(Eye-Opening Penalty) criterion so as to evaluate the degree of compensation dependent on the variation of chirp parameter of optical pulse for the various input power in high speed tansmission system. And we evaluated the maximum input power of channel be able to be the signal to crosstalk noise (SNR) above 20 dB in the transmission link with the channel interference due to FWM. Consequently the proposed MSSI compensation method is capable to transmitting the total 68 WDM channels simultaneously with a 0.4 nm channel spacing and 5.3 dBm maximum input power in a 10 Gbps transmission link. Therefore the proposed power symmetric MSSI compensation method may be very useful for the implementation of long-haul wideband WDM transmission systems with relatively high power and improved performance.