• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2012

Salinity distribution in estuary and tidal river is presented by many parameters including tidal forcing, river discharge and geographical effect. Understanding the characteristics of salinity structure is very important in the aspect of water-quality, ecological, and engineering viewpoint. Field measurement was carried out to study the distribution of salinity structure at 2 surface stations at Yeomha channel in the Han River estuary. The results of short- and long-term salinity change according to short and long tidal variability is investigated. For analyzing the axial salinity distribution at Yeomha channel, the salinity data from NFRDI is used in this study. The relationship between freshwater discharge and salinity distribution is represented through the nonlinear regression equation. The empirical equation for salt intrusion length scale, including tide, river discharge, and topographical effect is presented. As the comparison of empirical equation and existing data collected in study area, the characteristic of salt intrusion length and salinity distribution is changed by tide, fresh water, and geographical effect.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.475-500
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• 2011

One of the first important strategic decisions when a starting an organic marketing initiative (OMI) is to plan the right strategy for distributing products. This decision depends to a large extent on whether the OMI has chosen a quality-premium product strategy or a price-quantity strategy. All distribution decisions interact strongly with other aspects of the marketing mix. Where and how a product is distributed objectives, its chosen strategy and the availability of human and capital resources. To select a market channel, frequent contact and discussions with possible partner are important. Generally, a distribution is made between the direct and indirect physical distribution of organic products to consumers. The longer the supply chain, the lower the chances that an OMI can steer the market through its own marketing measures and convince consumers through its own promotion activities. Generally speaking, the shorter the chain between OMI products and the final consumer, the less dependent the OMI will be on the success of other market actors. Direct selling activities to the retail or food industries also requires an OMI to undertake additional processing and marketing activities. For example, retailers often expect products to have been packed and labelled ready for sale. To conclude, distribution channels should be chosen in accordance with the product and price policy as well as the management capacity of the OMI.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.324-330
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• 2013

The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the effect of inlet geometries on the distribution of two-phase annular flow at header-channel junctions simulating the corresponding parts of compact heat exchangers. The cross-section of the header and the channels were fixed to $16mm{\times}16mm$ and $12mm{\times}1.8mm$, respectively. Experiments were performed for the mass flux and the mass quality ranges of $30{\sim}140kg/m^2s$ and 0.3~0.7, respectively. Air and water were used as the test fluids. Three different inlet geometries of the header were tested:no restriction (case A), a single 8 mm hole at the center (case B), and nine 2 mm holes around the center (case C) at the inlet, respectively. The tendencies of the two-phase flow distribution were different, in each case. For cases B and C (flow resistance exists), more uniform flow distribution results were seen, compared with case A(no flow resistance), due to the flow pattern change to mist flow from annular flow at the inlet, and the flow recirculation near the end plate of the header.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The goal of this study is to examine what makes young people more likely to use digital banking. This is because digital banking services and their distribution channels are technologically advanced, which can be a double-edged sword between ease of use and resistance to technology. Research design, data and methodology: This study included 320 participants from generation Z in Jakarta who use digital bank and used a quantitative method with PLS-SEM. Results: This study explains how, in addition to usefulness, costs, and self-efficacy, resistance to technology has a direct effect on usage attitudes. Meanwhile, if the attitude of use is preceded by aspects of usefulness, self-efficacy, and awareness, resistance to technology will be felt indirectly. Conclusions: This demonstrated that most discussed factors, such as Ease-of-Use and security of use, are important for Generation Z users but no longer a major consideration in accepting digital banking. Aside from being more open to the use of technology in digital banks, Generation Z also desires a balance of technology services and benefits. The limitations of this study are that it excludes social variables, uses certain generations, and limits the research area to one large city, which can be expanded in future studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 1995

Black and White aerial photogrphs are much useful to obtain the information on the channel-bed fluctuation in the following aspects. 1. In the decision of river width, the linear regression formula between the value of aerial photograph interpretation and that of field surveying is Y=1.0+0.94X(the decision coefficient is $r^2=0.98$). Therefore, aerial photographs are proved effective for the measurement of river width. 2. Aerial photograph interpretation makes it possible to classify the plane channel and the deposits in river, and suggests the situation of the plane distribution of deposits, the size of channel and the course of channel formation. 3. The periodical channel situation can be figured out through the interpretation of aerial photographs pictured in different times. Also, the comparing and analyzing each interpretated information can be able to guess the course of the variation of channel influencing powerfully channel - bed fluctuation. 4. The microtopographic map of river can be made through the decision of river with, the interpretation of the plane shape of channel - bed and the analysis of variation of channel. On the basis of this map, the plane analysis of deposit is possible.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Unlike the past, brick-and-mortar is no longer on the priority list for the shopping activity. Instead, it is replaced by various non-store shopping alternatives, such as Internet, TV, catalog, mobile, etc. As consumers engage digitally, they made fewer trips to stores. Especially, as mobile shopping made the price comparison possible while shopping in the store, new shopping trend of 'showrooming' came to the fore as the serious issue. In order to cope with the this crisis, many brick-and-mortar retailers utilize omni-channel strategy for their countermeasure. This research paper is to suggest the omni-channel strategy that is applicable for the brick-and-mortar retailers. The results are as follows. First, in order to set up the connected-channel shopping environment, consumers have to be exposed to the environment that can deliver the continuous brand experience under the same price policy, brand and store management, etc, as integrating the various purchasing channels into one. Especially, in-store environment needs to change for the place where consumer experience is stressed for the most as using virtual reality devices with augmented reality technology. Also, the online digital kiosk, and tablet that consumer can order the products through the online channel while shopping in-store Second, the barrier-free in-store environment should be offered in order to increase the consumer convenience. This change will allow consumer communicate with the store environment more effectively. Lastly, brick-and-mortar should extend the physical territory as utilizing the offline's advantage and disadvantage through setting up the digital interactive wall or pop-up store for increasing the opportunity of customer interaction with the store. Moreover, visiting service for the elderly, housewife with the baby, or disabled person will be one of the effective substitute.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.31-48
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• 2006

This study was motivated by a recent channel conflict on subsidies for mobile handset between a service provider and a handset manufacturer in the mobile communication market. In this study, we have developed a two-person non-zero sum game for the channel conflict on subsidies for mobile handset, and derived its optimal strategic game solution. As a result, we have found that, between the service operator and the handset manufacturer, one who has high level of market leadership in his own market has a power to affect the optimal strategic game solution. We have also found that, when the service operator and the handset manufacturer have relatively high level of market leadership in their own market, there exist both of potential channel conflict and cooperation. The result of this study may provide an effective reference for a solution of similar channel conflicts.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2010

When reader collect tags, we found that they tend to get together to specific interface in Multi-Interface Multi-Channel 2.4GHz Active RFID system. To solve this problem, we designed the LP-Combind and AP-Balanced protocol for load distribution between interfaces, then verified its superiority of the performance through the simulation. There are three problems to implement designed protocols in hardware of firmware-level. first, tag selects randomly the channel of reader and reader need the method which can change the channel of tags. second, reader has the synchronization problem between reader and tag. third, reader has problem that MCU of reader have to operate simultaneously dual interface. To slove this problems, we designed the message and implemented method for tag channel change and the protocol in order to adjust synchronization between reader and tag, Therefore, we compared and analyzed the performance of protocols by experiment. If LP windows size is same, the performance of LP-Combined protocol and AP-Balanced protocol which lower collision probability by its load distribution is more outstanding than single interface protocol performance.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.863-870
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• 2010

In recent years, the development of multimedia devices has meant that a wider multimedia streaming service can be supported, and there are now many ways in which TV channels can communicate with different terminals. Generally, scalable video streaming is known to provide more efficient channel capacity than simulcast video streaming. Simulcast video streaming requires a large network bandwidth for all resolutions, but scalable video streaming needs only one flow for all resolutions. In previous research, scalable video streaming has been compared with simulcast video streaming for network channel capacity, in two user simulation environments. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of SVC is 16% to 20% smaller than AVC, but scalable video streaming is not efficient because of the limit of the present network framework. In this paper, we propose a new network framework with an SVC extractor. The proposed network framework shows a channel capacity 50% (maximum) lower than that found in previous research studies.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1451-1454
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• 2002

In recent years, there are growing concerns about land mobile satellite (LMS) communication systems and mobile stratospheric communication systems (SCS) for the purpose of service upgrade of personal and mobile communications in near future. It is important to possess accurate channel model for prediction of the above system performance. Thus, in this paper, we evaluate the bit error rates of a coded BPSK system based on realistic channel model which can be applied to stratospheric communication systems. The channel data was made by fitting the parameters of probability distribution model to measured data. This approach was proposed by Corraza〔1〕and modified by You〔2〕. And also the effects of channel codings on the system performance are analyzed. As results, we can get the performance curve characteristics on realistic Rician log-normal fading channels with various communication environments.