• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.439-450
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• 1997

The potential natural vegtation of the Pukhansan National Park area, mid-western Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the park area was made on a scale of 1:25, 000, including fourteen communities. By the analyses of the species diversity, the age structure, the human interferences and various informations on vegetation changes, two pathways of late stage succession from Pinus densiflora forests to the climatic climax were suggested. One is from Quercus serrata forests to Q. mongolica forests throughout the mountain and the other, from Q. variabilis or Q. acutissima forests to Carpinus laxiflora forests in lower parts. Considering the vegetation changes, the potential natural vegetation of the park area mainly composed of Q. mongolica, C. laxiflora, P. densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest as the climatic and/or edaphic climax was inferred.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.574-579
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• 2004

In this study, finite difference method used in order to analyze influence on settlement of shallow foundation as a result of vegetation and environmental changes, On boundary conditions to analyze, divided the foundation to clayey silt, changed the amount of evaportanspiration to consider the influence of vegetation, and assumed that the duration of enviromental changes are 180 days to consider the influence of environmental changes. It is expected that this study will do to predicting settlement of shallow foundation as well as to preventing damage of shallow foundation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1988

The potential natural vegetation of Naejangsan national park area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification, ordinatins and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the area was made in scale 1:25, 000, including ten communities of Pinus densiflora, quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Daphnipyllum macropodum, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena-Carpinus tschonoskii, Cornus controversa-Lindera erythrocarpa, Torreya mucifera-Zelkova serrate and Acer mono-Zelkova serrata community. The analyses of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes suggest the three pathways of late stage succession from P. densiflora forest to climatic climax. The first of them is through Q. variabilis forest to Q. monogolica forest in the upper parts of the mountain, the second through Q. variabilis and Q. serrata forest to C. laxiflora forest in the middle parts and the third through Q. aliena forest to C. tschonoskii forest in lower parts. Considering the actual vegetation and informations on the vegetation changes including human activities, the potential natural vegetation of the mountain mainly composed of Q. monogolica, C. laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, P. densiflora and Z. serrata forest as climatic climax and/or edaphic climax was inferred. The present situration of nature conservation in the area was estimated by the examination on the actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation map.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

In this study vegetation structure was monitored focusing on slanting surface of stream for the purpose of developing a management plan and ecological restoration of small stream in Paju. The study was conducted by types of geographical structure, yearly flora, naturalization rate changes, actual vegetation changes, plant community changes. Slope area of small stream in Paju was varied in the slope range of $10{\sim}35^{\circ}$. The survey results of yearly flora showed that 37 species appeared in 2000, 55 species in 2001, 95 species in 2002, and 125 species in 2003. Therefore, the trend of continuous increase of flora each year was observed. In the case of yearly changes of actual vegetation, indigenous wetland herb community including Phragmites communis$(19.99%{\rightarrow}18.42%{\rightarrow}19.60%)$ did not show substantial changes in the area, while the influence of controlled flora such as Humulus scandens$(8.86%{\rightarrow}5.26%{\rightarrow}9.73%)$, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia$(1.06%{\rightarrow}1.43%{\rightarrow}6.93%)$ were increased. The vegetation structure investigated by 18 preset belt-transects also indicated that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were maintaining the status or decreasing the population, while the population of Humulus scandens, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Setaria viridis, and Erigeron canadensis were greatly increased. Our proposal management to restore ecology is as follows: first, preservation and restoration of Phragmites communis landscape; second, restoration of potential stream vegetation community; third, selection and removal of controlled plants.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 수행하여 홍수터 식생에 의한 하안의 안정성, 만곡부의 곡률 변화, 사행의 발달과 이동을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 홍수터에 식생이 있는 하도는 시간이 증가하면서 사행의 하폭이 일정하게 유지하지만, 선택적인 하안침식에 의해 사행이 발달하고 하류로 이동하였다. 이러한 과정에서 하안침식과 사주의 변화가 크지 않으며, 저수로가 일정하게 유지되면서 유사유출량은 감소하고 변동성이 거의 없이 일정하게 유지되고 있다. 식생의 밀도가 증가함에 따라, 하안침식률이 감소하였다. 식생의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 하안침식률이 감소하였고, 사행의 발달에 영향을 주었다. 이는 홍수터 식생이 하안의 안정성을 증가시키고, 하도의 평면변화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자 중의 하나임을 의미한다. 하안침식률과 무차원 곡률반경은 홍수터에 식생이 없는 조건에서 가장 크고, 식생이 있는 조건에서는 작다. 또한 상대 측방이동률과 무차원 곡률반경도 하안침식률과의 관계가 유사하는 특성을 보였다. 따라서 홍수터 식생은 하도의 안정성을 증가시켜서 하안침식과 사행의 발달뿐만 아니라, 사행의 곡률 변화와 이동에 영향을 준다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1335-1339
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• 2004

A hydro-geomorphologic change in a sand bed channel reach and vegetation expansion by changes in the How regime is analyzed in this study. Field and aerial photo surveys, basic hydrological analysis about flow regime change due to two dams, Andong Dam and Imha Dam, on the upstream river and computer modeling are conducted. Two Dams in the study reach have obviously affected downstream channel in many ways including the bed particle coarsening, vegetation expansion on the sandbars and following river channel braiding. The phenomenon of no vegetation on the large point bar in front of Hahwe Village seems due to disturbance of the sandbar surface probably due to the cross flow in the meander reach during the flood. Another reason for no vegetation is that the sandbar on this reach has lower subsurface water lovels, as compared with the others in the up- and downstream of the reach where vegetation expanded, which would hinder vegetation from germinating and growing on the sandbar.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 1983

Seasonal occurrence of benthic algae and changes of subtidal vegetation were studied for their species composition, diversity and biomass during 1982 and 1983 at several selected sites at Juckdo Island (38$^{\circ}$12'N, 128$^{\circ}$32'E), eastern coast of Korea. Three large brown algae which played a role in change of algal vegetation through their great biomass were investigated with regard to their seasonal growth. Large brown algae such as Undaria pinnatifida, Costaria costata, Laminaria japonica, Agarum cribrosum, Sargassum confusum and S. hornerii constitute the major portion of vegetation in this area throughout the year. Algal vegetation in spring time is characterized by dominance of species U. pinnatifida and C. costata, whereas the summer vegetation by S. confusum and S. hornerii. In autumn large brown algae are shedded and only small algae, such as Chondrus ocellatus and Grateloupia filicina, remain. The vegetation in winter is dominated by the growth of U. pinnatifida and C. costata. Monthly changes in mean length and weight of randomly collected U. pinnatifida, C. costata and S. confusum are as follows; U. pinnatifida occurs from December to June and shows their maximum growth during March (120 cm in length, 201 g/individual in wet weight), its maximum growth rate is 1.4 cm/day, 3.3 g/day in this month. The growth season of C. costata is very similar to U.pinnatifida, but their average maximum length(110 cm) and weight (106 g/ind.) are lower than U. pinnatifida. The greatest growth rate is during March (1.8 cm/day, 2.0g/day). S. confusum is present throughout the year and reaches the maximum growth (102 cm, 63g/ind.) in July. Maximum growth rate (1.5 cm/day, 1.2 g/day) occurs also during this month. U. pinnatifida and C. costata show different months of maximum growth evidently during the two year. This seems to be caused by a considerable damage to the local vegetation followed by heavy storm in February 1983.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.405-407
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• 2003

An attempt has been in this study to delineate the characteristics of spectral signatures of the vegetation in terms of various VIs, particularly made the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index2(MSAVI2) and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI). Multitemporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION data from 1998 to 2002 have been used for the analysis. They have been compared with each other for their similarities and differences. The correlations between the vegetation indices observed at various degree of vegetation coverage during their different stages of growth were examined. All of the VIs have shown qualitative relationships to variations in vegetation. Apparently, the NDVI and MSAVI2 are highly correlated for all of the temporal changes, representing the different stages of phenology.