• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.347-365
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• 1995

도시 보건소 직원의 보건소 업무에 대한 인식 및 태도를 파악하기 위하여 대구직할시 7개 보건소 직원 310명을 대상으로 1994년 8월 15일부터 9월 30일까지 설문조사를 실시하여 252명(회수율 81.3%)의 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 조사대상은 남자가 95명(37.3%), 여자가 157명(62.3%)이고, 60.3%가 대졸이상자였다. 현재 근무부서의 시설이 보건사업을 수행하는데 적합하다고 한 의견이 28.6%, 적합하지 않다가 51.1%였고, 보유 기자재가 사업수행에 적합하다가 19.4%, 적합하지 않다가 39.0%였으며, 보건소의 인력수가 적정하다가 28.6%, 적합하지 않다가 44.8%였다. 근무부서의 예산이 보건사업 수행에 적합하다고 한 의견이 13.1%, 적합하지 않다가 38.5%였다. 지방자치제 실시후 사업내용이 바뀌어야 한다고 한 의견이 51.9%, 지방자치제의 실시가 자신의 근무부서의 업무에 도움이 된다고 한 의견이 25.4%, 도움되지 않는다가 24.6%였다. 지방자치제 실시에 따라 보건소의 조직과 기능이 개선되어야 한다는 의견은 78.6%였다. 사업 목표량의 설정이 해당 부서나 지역의 실정에 비추어 맞게 책정되어 있다는 의견이 11.1%, '그렇지 않다'가 43.3%였다. 업무 수행을 위한 전문적인 지식이나 기술에 대한 교육을 더 받아야 한다고 한 의견이 57.5%, 더 받을 필요없다가 20.6%였고, 자신의 업무수행에 자율성이 있다고 생각하는 견해가 35.7%, 자율성이 없다가 25.8%였으며, 현재 하고 일에 만족한다가 39.3%, 만족하지 못한다가 16.3%였다. 보건소의 인사관리에 대해서는 11.5% 합리적이라고 하였고, 47.3%가 불합리적 이라고 하였으며, 보건소가 주민들로부터 신뢰를 받고 있다는 의견이 41.3%, '그렇지 않다'는 의견이 13.1%였다. 보건소에서 지역주민에게 제공하는 서비스 중에서 잘 시행되고 있는 사업은 결핵관리, 일반진료, 모자보건사업의 순이었으며, 부족한 사업은 보건교육, 치과진료, 위생, 통합보건사업의 순이었다. 향후 보건소에서 주민에게 제공해야 할 서비스로는 노인보건사업, 가정의료사업, 재활보건사업, 당뇨병관리, 고혈압관리, 학교보건사업, 정신보건사업의 순으로 지적하였다. 보건소 근무자들은 시설, 기자재, 인력, 예산, 인사관리, 사업목표량의 설정 및 평가, 인사관리 등에 대해서는 부정적인 의견이 많았으며, 업무수행을 위한 보수교육, 지방자치제 실시를 통한 업무의 변화, 업무의 자율성, 업무의 만족도 면에서는 대체로 긍정적인 의견을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

• 인삼문화
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• 제1권
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• pp.11-27
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• 2019

만주족의 선조인 여진족은 그들이 거주하는 만주의 자연환경에 따라 채집과 수렵활동을 주된 생계수단으로 삼았다. 여진족의 거주지는 대부분 삼림이 울창하고 하천이 발달하여 다양한 동식물의 서식지로는 적합했지만 농경에는 맞지 않았다. 여진족 사회조직 역시 채집과 수렵활동에 적합한 방식으로 형성되었고 그것은 이후 청나라 고유의 사회 군사조직인 팔기제도로 발전했다. 한편 채집과 수렵으로 획득한 자연자원을 주변의 농경사회과 교환하는 일은 여진 사회의 발전에 절대적으로 중요했다. 인삼을 비롯한 만주의 자연자원을 중원의 한인들과 교역하는 일은 오래전부터 있었지만, 대외무역이 여진 사회에 근본적인 변화를 초래할 만큼 확대된 것은 16세기의 현상이었다. 당시 외부에서 유입된 은은 중국 내지의 경제를 활성화시키고 나아가 만주를 비롯한 명의 변경지역의 경제에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 만주의 자연환경에 기초한 수렵 채집활동이 16세기에 이르러 중원에서 유입된 은과 조우하여 변경 사회를 자극했고, 분산되어 있던 여진 부락은 경쟁과 통일의 과정을 거쳐 마침내 만주족으로 변모하여 1636년 청나라를 건설하기에 이르렀다. 1644년 만주족은 중원 정복에 성공하고 북경으로 수도를 옮겼다. 중원으로 들어간 후에도 청황실의 만주족은 만주 인삼의 가치를 잊지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 그 이익을 독점하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울였다. 17세기 말까지 만주 인삼은 만주족의 제도인 팔기를 중심으로 운영되었다. 만주에 주둔한 팔기 병사들은 민간인의 출입을 통제하여 인삼의 생산지를 한인의 접근으로부터 보호했다. 만주 인삼의 채취는 황실 내무부, 부트하 울라 총관, 성경상삼기 등 황제에게 직속된 기구에서 담당했다. 이들은 부트하 병정이나 팔기 병정을 파견하여 지정된 장소에서 정해진 액수의 인삼을 채취하여 납부하게 했다. 황실의 귀족만이 만주에 사람을 보내 인삼을 채취할 수 있는 특권을 누렸고, 그조차 엄격히 제한되었다. 18세기도 만주의 인삼은 여전히 국가에 의해 독점적으로 관리되었다. 청의 인삼 정책은 황실의 발상지인 만주와 그 자연자원을 민간인의 침탈로부터 보호하고 만주족 고유의 전통을 유지한다는 원칙에 따라 운영되었다. 동시에 만주의 인삼은 국가의 중요한 재정 수입원으로 개발되었다. 국가가 필요한 만큼의 수입을 징수하기 위해서는 인삼을 대량으로 채취해야 했는데, 부트하 병정이나 팔기 병정을 파견하는 것만으로는 안정적인 인삼세수를 기대할 수 없었다. 그 결과 상인들이 인삼업에 개입하기 시작했고 청의 인삼 정책은 이후 점점 더 상인에 의존하는 방향으로 발전해갔다. 청대 인삼의 국가 독점은 1853년에 공식적으로 중단되었지만, 부유한 상인이 채삼인을 고용하고 인삼을 대신 납부하는 현상은 18세기에 이미 나타나고 있었다. 청대 만주족의 인삼 독점은 사실상 한인 상인의 참여로 유지되었다고 할 수 있다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2018

최근 경제재로서 수자원(Water Resources)의 속성이 공공재 성격을 동시에 띠면서 수자원기술의 측정과 성과 관리 체계를 확보하고 활용해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 그 동안 수자원기술의 평가는 대부분 순현재가치(NPV)나 비용편익효과(B/C)를 바탕으로 경제성 평가(Feasibility Study) 혹은 기술(환경)영향평가(Technology Assessment)로 수행되어 왔으며, 연구성과의 확산과 피드백을 받을 수 있는 기술 기반 사업의 경제적 가치를 객관적으로 평가하는 모델은 체계화되지 않았다. 그리하여, 본 연구에서는 K-water(한국수자원공사)가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 구축할 필요성을 느끼고, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하고자 한다. 본 연구에 적용된 K-water 평가대상기술은 공공재로서, 사회전반에 기여한 가치 및 성과를 측정하고 관리할 수 있는 도구로 활용 가능하다. 예를 들면, 사회전반에 기여한 가치를 산출하여, 편익의 파급효과에 대한 성과 홍보자료, 혹은 비용 투입 당위성에 대한 근거자료로 활용할 수 있고, 공공기술의 특성상 대규모 연구개발 투입 비용에 대한 정당성을 확보할 수 있다. 따라서, 공공재를 다루는 한국의 대표적 공기업인 K-water가 사업 운영상의 전략을 수립하고 투입개발 비용에 대한 성과산출 근거 기반을 구축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 고에서는 K-water가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 기반으로, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하였다. 특히, 일본 산업기술종합연구소(AIST)의 평가방법론을 활용하여 연관 편익항목을 기준으로 비용계정에 매칭시킨 후, 기존의 비용-편익 접근법과 FCF(Free Cash Flow)법의 평가체계를 활용하는 'K-water 고유모델'을 제시하였으며 이를 통해 K-water 연구성과 관리체계 상의 파이프라인을 구축하는 동시에 "해수담수화" 관련 기술에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 수자원 분야 기술의 특성을 반영한 웹기반 가치평가시스템의 설계 구성로직과 평가프로세스를 분석하며, 기술통합관리시스템 상의 공익형 및 수익형 기술가치를 산출하기 위한 각 모델별 참조정보 및 DB 연계로직도 살펴본다. 종래의 타 분야 기술가치평가 시스템이 지닌 재무적 데이터 기반의 사업가치 산출로직에 수자원 특성이 반영된 정성평가지표의 정량화 지수를 함께 반영한 하이브리드형 평가모듈과 실제 웹기반 평가의 UI 구성화면을 검토한다. K-water의 가치평가 모형은 공익형과 수익형 수자원 기술을 구분하여 평가하게 되는데, 먼저 수익형 기술가치평가는 "기술의 경제성"이라고 하는 특성상 외부 산업유형의 수익(Profit)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계 가능하다. 예를 들어 K-water 기술인벤토리 수도부문 기술은 수처리 멤브레인과 같이 수익 지향 기술이 다수 분포된다. 반면에, 공익형 기술가치평가는 공공의 편익(Benefit)과 비용(Cost)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계하게 되는데, 댐과 같이 편익을 지향하는 기술을 평가하는데 활용된다. 또한 본 고에서 제시된 비용-편익 기반의 공익형 기술가치평가 모형(K-water 고유 평가모델)에 대한 적정성 검토를 위해 사회적 수명(20년)을 지닌 수자원 기술의 편익흐름 추정으로부터 실제 사례에 적용해 보았으며, 향후에는 다양한 사업환경 특성을 반영한 비즈니스 모델별 평가모형 검증을 추가적으로 수행하고자 한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2012

Our society has long been talking about necessity for innovation. Since companies in particular need to carry out business innovation in their overall processes, they have attempted to apply many innovation factors on sites and become to pay more attention to their innovation. In order to achieve this goal, companies has applied various information technologies (IT) on sites as a means of innovation, and consequently IT have been greatly developed. It is natural for the field of IT to have faced another revolution which is called cloud computing, which is expected to result in innovative changes in software application via the Internet, data storing, the use of devices, and their operations. As a vehicle of innovation, cloud computing is expected to lead the changes and advancement of our society and the business world. Although many scholars have researched on a variety of topics regarding the innovation via IT, few studies have dealt with the issue of could computing as IT. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to set the variables of innovation attributes based on the previous articles as the characteristic variables and clarify how these variables affect "Performance Expectancy" of companies and the intention of using cloud computing. The result from the analysis of data collected in this study is as follows. The study utilized a research model developed on the innovation diffusion theory to identify influences on the adaptation and spreading IT for cloud computing services. Second, this study summarized the characteristics of cloud computing services as a new concept that introduces innovation at its early stage of adaptation for companies. Third, a theoretical model is provided that relates to the future innovation by suggesting variables for innovation characteristics to adopt cloud computing services. Finally, this study identified the factors affecting expectation and the intention to use the cloud computing service for the companies that consider adopting the cloud computing service. As the parameter and dependent variable respectively, the study deploys the independent variables that are aligned with the characteristics of the cloud computing services based on the innovation diffusion model, and utilizes the expectation for performance and Intention to Use based on the UTAUT theory. Independent variables for the research model include Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Cost Saving, Trialability, and Observability. In addition, 'Acceptance for Adaptation' is applied as an adjustment variable to verify the influences on the expected performances from the cloud computing service. The validity of the research model was secured by performing factor analysis and reliability analysis. After confirmatory factor analysis is conducted using AMOS 7.0, the 20 hypotheses are verified through the analysis of the structural equation model, accepting 12 hypotheses among 20. For example, Relative Advantage turned out to have the positive effect both on Individual Performance and on Strategic Performance from the verification of hypothesis, while it showed meaningful correlation to affect Intention to Use directly. This indicates that many articles on the diffusion related Relative Advantage as the most important factor to predict the rate to accept innovation. From the viewpoint of the influence on Performance Expectancy among Compatibility and Cost Saving, Compatibility has the positive effect on both Individual Performance and on Strategic Performance, while it showed meaningful correlation with Intention to Use. However, the topic of the cloud computing service has become a strategic issue for adoption in companies, Cost Saving turns out to affect Individual Performance without a significant influence on Intention to Use. This indicates that companies expect practical performances such as time and cost saving and financial improvements through the adoption of the cloud computing service in the environment of the budget squeezing from the global economic crisis from 2008. Likewise, this positively affects the strategic performance in companies. In terms of effects, Trialability is proved to give no effects on Performance Expectancy. This indicates that the participants of the survey are willing to afford the risk from the high uncertainty caused by innovation, because they positively pursue information about new ideas as innovators and early adopter. In addition, they believe it is unnecessary to test the cloud computing service before the adoption, because there are various types of the cloud computing service. However, Observability positively affected both Individual Performance and Strategic Performance. It also showed meaningful correlation with Intention to Use. From the analysis of the direct effects on Intention to Use by innovative characteristics for the cloud computing service except the parameters, the innovative characteristics for the cloud computing service showed the positive influence on Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Observability while Complexity, Cost saving and the likelihood for the attempt did not affect Intention to Use. While the practical verification that was believed to be the most important factor on Performance Expectancy by characteristics for cloud computing service, Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Observability showed significant correlation with the various causes and effect analysis. Cost Saving showed a significant relation with Strategic Performance in companies, which indicates that the cost to build and operate IT is the burden of the management. Thus, the cloud computing service reflected the expectation as an alternative to reduce the investment and operational cost for IT infrastructure due to the recent economic crisis. The cloud computing service is not pervasive in the business world, but it is rapidly spreading all over the world, because of its inherited merits and benefits. Moreover, results of this research regarding the diffusion innovation are more or less different from those of the existing articles. This seems to be caused by the fact that the cloud computing service has a strong innovative factor that results in a new paradigm shift while most IT that are based on the theory of innovation diffusion are limited to companies and organizations. In addition, the participants in this study are believed to play an important role as innovators and early adapters to introduce the cloud computing service and to have competency to afford higher uncertainty for innovation. In conclusion, the introduction of the cloud computing service is a critical issue in the business world.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.233-249
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 경영자 능력이 기업 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 선행연구결과를 확장하여, 기업의 소유구조와 자본구조 및 의사결정 행태가 다른 재벌기업에서 경영자 능력이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향이 차별적으로 나타나는지 여부를 분석한다. 재벌그룹의 경우 기업가치를 상승시키는 중요한 의사결정이 대부분 그룹의 총수에 의해 결정되고 강력한 지배력을 보임에 따라 그룹소속 경영자들 은 그룹총수의 의사결정 방향과 같은 방향으로 노력을 집중하게 된다. 따라서 재벌기업 소속의 경영자는 자신의 성과를 평가받기 위한 단기 회계이익보다는 장기적 관점의 기업가치 증가를 위해 자신의 능력을 집중할 것이고, 재벌기업 소속이 아닌 일반 경영자는 자신의 성과를 높이기 위하여 회계이익을 개선하는데 자신의 능력을 집중할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 2000년부터 2015년 동안 상장기업을 대상으로, 장기 기업성과인 기업가치와 단기 기업성과인 회계이익을 각각 종속변수로 하여 재벌기업의 경영자능력과 기업의 장 단기성과 간 관계를 분석한다. 연구결과, 경영자의 능력과 장 단기성과 간에는 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 확인되었고, 일반기업과 달리 재벌그룹의 경우 장기성과인 기업가치는 높이는 방향으로, 단기성과인 회계이익은 낮추는 방향으로 관계가 확인되었다. 또한 재벌기업의 경영자능력은 추가적으로 장기성과 즉 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 보고되었다. 이러한 결과는 재벌기업의 경영자가 재벌구조의 특성상 장기관점의 기업성과에 자신의 능력을 보다 집중하는 것을 의미한다. 재벌기업이 한국경제에서 차지하는 비중은 매우 크고 이러한 현상은 당분간 큰 변화가 없을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 재벌기업의 지속적인 성장 여부는 우리 사회에서 매우 중요한 이슈이다. 최근 재벌기업의 지배주주 역할이 2세 또는 3세와 4세로 옮겨가고 있고 세계적인 저성장 구도와 함께 경쟁이 더욱 치열해지는 상황에서, 경영자 능력이 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 재벌기업에서 차별적으로 나타나는지 검증하는 연구는 매우 시의적절하고 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구결과가 재벌기업의 성과측면에서 일면의 장점을 부각시키고, 일반 경영자의 능력이 단기적 회계이익이 아닌 장기적 관점에서 기업 가치 상승에 기여할 수 있도록 정부 및 관련당국의 정책마련에 새로운 시각을 제시한다는 점에서 시사하는 점이 크다고 본다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.233-253
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• 2014

Can the stock market really be predicted? Stock market prediction has attracted much attention from many fields including business, economics, statistics, and mathematics. Early research on stock market prediction was based on random walk theory (RWT) and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). According to the EMH, stock market are largely driven by new information rather than present and past prices. Since it is unpredictable, stock market will follow a random walk. Even though these theories, Schumaker [2010] asserted that people keep trying to predict the stock market by using artificial intelligence, statistical estimates, and mathematical models. Mathematical approaches include Percolation Methods, Log-Periodic Oscillations and Wavelet Transforms to model future prices. Examples of artificial intelligence approaches that deals with optimization and machine learning are Genetic Algorithms, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks. Statistical approaches typically predicts the future by using past stock market data. Recently, financial engineers have started to predict the stock prices movement pattern by using the SNS data. SNS is the place where peoples opinions and ideas are freely flow and affect others' beliefs on certain things. Through word-of-mouth in SNS, people share product usage experiences, subjective feelings, and commonly accompanying sentiment or mood with others. An increasing number of empirical analyses of sentiment and mood are based on textual collections of public user generated data on the web. The Opinion mining is one domain of the data mining fields extracting public opinions exposed in SNS by utilizing data mining. There have been many studies on the issues of opinion mining from Web sources such as product reviews, forum posts and blogs. In relation to this literatures, we are trying to understand the effects of SNS exposures of firms on stock prices in Korea. Similarly to Bollen et al. [2011], we empirically analyze the impact of SNS exposures on stock return rates. We use Social Metrics by Daum Soft, an SNS big data analysis company in Korea. Social Metrics provides trends and public opinions in Twitter and blogs by using natural language process and analysis tools. It collects the sentences circulated in the Twitter in real time, and breaks down these sentences into the word units and then extracts keywords. In this study, we classify firms' exposures in SNS into two groups: positive and negative. To test the correlation and causation relationship between SNS exposures and stock price returns, we first collect 252 firms' stock prices and KRX100 index in the Korea Stock Exchange (KRX) from May 25, 2012 to September 1, 2012. We also gather the public attitudes (positive, negative) about these firms from Social Metrics over the same period of time. We conduct regression analysis between stock prices and the number of SNS exposures. Having checked the correlation between the two variables, we perform Granger causality test to see the causation direction between the two variables. The research result is that the number of total SNS exposures is positively related with stock market returns. The number of positive mentions of has also positive relationship with stock market returns. Contrarily, the number of negative mentions has negative relationship with stock market returns, but this relationship is statistically not significant. This means that the impact of positive mentions is statistically bigger than the impact of negative mentions. We also investigate whether the impacts are moderated by industry type and firm's size. We find that the SNS exposures impacts are bigger for IT firms than for non-IT firms, and bigger for small sized firms than for large sized firms. The results of Granger causality test shows change of stock price return is caused by SNS exposures, while the causation of the other way round is not significant. Therefore the correlation relationship between SNS exposures and stock prices has uni-direction causality. The more a firm is exposed in SNS, the more is the stock price likely to increase, while stock price changes may not cause more SNS mentions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2009

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is a wireless frequency of recognition technology that can be used to recognize, trace, and identify people, things, and animals using radio frequency(RF). RFID will bring about many changes in manufacturing and distributions, among other areas. In accordance with the increasing importance of RFID techniques, great advancement has been made in RFID studies. Initially, the RFID research started as a research literature or case study. Recently, empirical research has floated on the surface for announcement. But most of the existing researches on RFID adoption have been restricted to a dichotomous measure of 'adoption vs. non-adoption' or adoption intention. In short, RFID research is still at an initial stage, mainly focusing on the research of the RFID performance, integration, and its usage has been considered dismissive. The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors are important for the RFID adoption and implementation with organizational resources. In this study, the organizational resources are classified into either finance resources or IT knowledge resources. A research model and four hypotheses are set up to identify the relationships among these variables based on the investigations of such theories as technological innovations, adoption stage, and organizational resources. In order to conduct this study, a survey was carried out from September 27, 2008 until October 23, 2008. The questionnaire was completed by 143 managers and workers from physical distribution and manufacturing companies related to the RFID in South Korea. 37 out of 180 surveys, which turned out unfit for the study, were discarded and the remaining 143(adoption stage 89, implementation stage 54) were used for the empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 12.0. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the adoption stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, perceived cost savings, environmental uncertainty, and pressures from rival firms have significant effects on the intent of the RFID adoption. Further, the implementation stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, environmental uncertainty, pressures from rival firms, inter-organizational cooperation, and inter-organizational trust have significant effects on the extent of the RFID use. In contrast, inter-organizational cooperation and inter-organizational trust did not show much impact on the intent of RFID adoption while perceived cost savings did not significantly affect the extent of RFID use. Second, in the adoption stage, financial issues had adverse effect on both inter-organizational cooperation and the intent against the RFID adoption. IT knowledge resources also had a deterring effect on both perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID adoption. Third, in the implementation stage, finance resources had a moderate effect on environmental uncertainty and extent of RFID use while IT knowledge resources had also a moderate effect on perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID use. Limitations and future research issues can be summarized as follows. First, it is difficult to say that the sample is large enough to be representative of the population. Second, because the sample of this study was conducted among manufacturers only, it may be limited in analyzing fully the effect on the industry as a whole. Third, in consideration of the fact that the organizational resources in the RFID study require a great deal of researches, this research may deem insufficient to fulfill the purpose that it initially set out to achieve. Future studies using performance research are, therefore, needed to help better understand the organizational level of the RFID adoption and implementation.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2013

This case focuses on Shanghai Tang, the first truly Chinese luxury brand that appeals to both Westerners and, more recently, to Chinese consumers worldwide. A visionary and wealthy businessman Sir David Tang created this company from scratch in 1994 in Hong Kong. Its story, spanned over almost two decades, has been fascinating. It went from what best a Chinese brand could be in the eyes of Westerners who love the Chinese culture, to a nearly-bankrupted company in 1998, before being acquired by Richemont, the second largest luxury group in the world. Since then, its turnaround has been spectacular with a growing appeal among Chinese luxury consumers who represent the core segment of the luxury industry today. The main objective of this case study is to formally examine how Shanghai Tang overcame its downfall and re-emerged as one the very few well- known Chinese luxury brands. More specifically, this case highlights the ways with which Shanghai Tang made a transitional change from a brand for Westerners who love the Chinese culture, to a brand for both, Westerners who love the Chinese culture and Chinese who love luxury. A close examination reveals that Shanghai Tang has followed the brand identity concept that consists of two major components: functional and emotional. The functional component for developing a luxury brand concerns all product characteristics that will make a product 'luxurious' in the eyes of the consumer, such as premium quality of cachemire from Mongolia, Chinese silk, lacquer, finest leather, porcelain, and jade in the case of Shanghai Tang. The emotional component consists of non-functional symbolic meanings of a brand. The symbolic meaning marks the major difference between a premium and a luxury brand. In the case of Shanghai Tang, its symbolic meaning refers to the Chinese culture and the brand aims to represent the best of Chinese traditions and establish itself as "the ambassador of modern Chinese style". It touches the Chinese heritage and emotions. Shanghai Tang has reinvented the modern Chinese chic by drawing back to the stylish decadence of Shanghai in the 1930s, which was then called the "Paris of the East", and this is where the brand finds inspiration to create its own myth. Once the functional and emotional components assured, Shanghai Tang has gone through a four-stage development to become the first global Chinese luxury brand: introduction, deepening, expansion, and revitalization. Introduction: David Tang discovered a market gap and had a vision to launch the first Chinese luxury brand to the world. The key success drivers for the introduction and management of a Chinese luxury brand are a solid brand identity and, above all, a creative mind, an inspired person. This was David Tang then, and this is now Raphael Le Masne de Chermont, the current Executive Chairman. Shanghai Tang combines Chinese and Western elements, which it finds to be the most sustainable platform for drawing consumers. Deepening: A major objective of the next phase is to become recognized as a luxury brand and a fashion or design authority. For this purpose, Shanghai Tang has cooperated with other well-regarded luxury and lifestyle brands such as Puma and Swarovski. It also expanded its product lines from high-end custom-made garments to music CDs and restaurant. Expansion: After the opening of his first store in Hong Kong in 1994, David Tang went on to open his second store in New York City three years later. However this New York retail operation was a financial disaster. Barely nineteen months after the opening, the store was shut down and quietly relocated to a cheaper location of Madison Avenue. Despite this failure, Shanghai Tang products found numerous followers especially among Western tourists and became "souvenir-like" must-haves. However, despite its strong brand DNA, the brand did not generate enough repeated sales and over the years the company cumulated heavy debts and became unprofitable. Revitalizing: After its purchase by Richemont in 1998, Le Masne de Chermont was appointed to lead the company, reposition the brand and undertake some major strategic changes such as revising the "Shanghai Tang" designs to appeal not only to Westerners but also to Chinese consumers, and to open new stores around the world. Since then, Shanghai Tang has become synonymous to a modern Chinese luxury lifestyle brand.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-122
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• 2019

IDC(International Data Corporation) 사(社)의 최근 보고서에 따르면, 2025년에는 2016년에 생성된 데이터의 10배에 달하는 163제타바이트의 데이터가 생성될 것이고 그 주체의 비중은 소비자에서 기업으로 이동하고 있다고 한다. 이러한 소위 '빅데이터의 물결'은 도래하고 있고 그 파장은 산업 전반적으로 영향을 미칠 것이다. 따라서, 방대한 데이터를 효과적으로 관리하는 것은 기업의 관점에서 그 어느 때보다 더 중요하다. 하지만, IT 투자에 대한 효과를 측정한 선행 연구는 다수 존재함에도 불구하고 빅데이터 투자 효과를 측정한 선행 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서, 해당 투자 효과를 정량적으로 분석한다면 기업의 의사 결정을 도울 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 효율적 시장 가설을 이론적 바탕으로 둔 사건연구방법론(Event Study Methodology)을 적용하여, 기업의 빅데이터 투자가 시장 투자자들의 반응에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 또한, 보다 심층적으로 이 효과를 분석하기 위해서 5가지 하위 변수를 설정했고 그 내용은 기업 크기 구분, 산업 구분(Finance와 ICT), 투자 구축 완료 구분, 벤더 유무 구분이다. 분석 결과, 91개 기업은 빅데이터 투자 공시 이후 시장 가치가 평균 0.92% 상승한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 Finance 기업, non-ICT 기업, 시가 총액이 작은 기업, 빅데이터 전문 벤더 기업을 통해 투자한 기업, 그리고 빅데이터 시스템이 구축 완료됐다는 공시에 해당하는 기업의 시장 가치가 두드러지게 상승한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 빅데이터 투자 효과를 측정한 선행 연구가 거의 전무하다는 점에서 학문적인 의의를 지니고, 빅데이터 투자를 고려 중인 기업 의사 결정자들에게 실질적인 참고 자료가 될 수 있다는 점에서 실무적인 시사점을 갖는다.