• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-42
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• 2015

Benzoylureas are chemical compounds best known for their use as insecticides. Diflubenzuron is one of the more commonly used benzoylurea pesticides. Others include chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, and triflumuron. They act as insect growth regulators by inhibiting synthesis of chitin in the body of the insect. They have low toxicity in mammals because mammals have no chitin. Chlorfluazuron insecticides, which are mixed with solvent naphatha, are commonly used. Thus we assume that in the presented case mental change outcome of poisoning was connected with toxic effects of solvent naphtha rather than with chlorfluazuron action. Components of solvent naphtha, particularly trimethylbenzenes, exert strong irritant action on the gastric mucosa and are very well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We report on a 67-year-old man with stuporous mentality after intentional ingestion of approximately 200 ml of liquid chlorfluazuron in a suicide attempt. He was discharged after conservative treatments including gastric irrigation, charcoal, mechanical ventilation, hydration, and antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia without complications.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to low dose organic solvents on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Study design was retrospective cohort study subjected on 191 exposures and 118 controls working in a petrochemical manufacture company. The eight indicators related to CVD risk were followed up for five years from 2008 to 2012. The risk level was compared during the follow up years and subject's characteristics, and the change of risk level were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: At the start year 2008, the rate over cutoff value (ROCV) of BS (p<.001) and mean systolic BP (p=.017) were higher in organic solvent exposure group and the others showed no difference. And by the subject's characteristics, odds ratio of the ROCV of BS were higher in organic solvent exposure group and work shift group as 2.51 and 3.07. Comparing the results in 2012 to those of 2008, cardiovascular disease risk in organic solvent exposure group was about 1.5 times higher than that of in the control group. Conclusion: Gradual increase in the CVD risk was identified in organic solvent exposure group. However, the risk might be influenced by shift work and bad behaviors rather than organic solvent exposure.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Amount of residual ink solvent on the packaging materials from Korea, Japan and Europe was measured and compared. The amount of packaging materials from Korea was much higher than that of Japan and Europe. To reduce the residual amounts of ink solvent, aging condition of printed packaging materials including aging time and temperature was modified and evaluated. Aging with high temperature and short time ($60^{\circ}C$ and 24 hours) was more effective for reduction of residual amount of ink solvent than that with low temperature and long time. To find out change of reduction pattern of residual amount of solvent according to plastic packaging material, several monolayer and multilayer packaging materials were selected. Among the monolayer packaging materials, the amount of EVOH and PET was lower than that of polyolefin plastic film including PE and PP. PP/EVOH/PET among the selected multilayer film showed the lowest amount of residual ink solvent on food packaging materials. Result of this research revealed that the residual amount of ink solvent can be reduced by proper selection of aging condition with and by appropriate application of mutilayer plastic film.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 1998

In the make-up product, Eye-shadow products have several purposes of enhancing product quality such as providing the beauty (variation of shape, clean appearance), feeling, continuity and adhesion. In this paper, newly developed wet type back injection press process is introduced so as to increase higher value products which providing various the beauty. The solvent takes an essential role to provide the fluidity of the powder bulk during the pressed-process of wet type pressed product. In this study, the effect of solvent in the oil binder was investigated, And the higher quality condition of the wet type pressed product was built to apply cosmetic preparation. Firstly, the system was designed powder phase as non treated pigment. The oil binder phase is categorized as hydrocarbons(Mineral oil, Squalane), Silicones(Methicone, Dimethicone ), esters (Octyldodecanol, Octyl Dodecyl Myristate). The solvent phase used was C 7-8 isoparaffin and Isopropyl Alcohol. The interaction of oil binder and solvent is investigated by measuring mass of final oil binder and the each solubility parameter. It was found that the higher the solubility the higher the degree of change in the final composition of the oil binder. In order to maintain the quality of the final product, the solvent used in pressed-process should be hydrophobic with oil binder.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.404-408
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• 1998

Using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, the separation of 20(S)-, 20(R)-prosapogenin stereo-isomers of ginsenoside-$Rg_2$ and of ginsenoside-$Rg_3$ in ginseng saponins has been carried out with binary solvent system. The optimum conditions for the isomer separation are as following: Nova-$Pak^{(R)}C_{18}$ (Waters, $3.9{\times}150mm$) column, $CH_3CN/CH_3CN$ (100:8, v/v) binary solvent system and the flow rate was 1.7 mL/min. The stereoisomers were separated with change of the mixture ratio of the solvent system, the solvent elution by gradient program, and then detected at 203 nm of UV detector. The simultaneous separation of mixture that were the $Rg_2$, $Rg_3$ isomers was easily performed in nonpolar solvent for $Rg_2$, polar solvent for $Rg_3$ at the same optimum conditions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2001

The edible part of cucurbita moschata Duch, which is commonly used as a Korean traditional medicine as well as a popular food source, was studied to isolate anti-complementary substance. Extracts of Cucurbita moschata Duch showed significant anti-complementary activities on the classical pathway of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the complement system. Especially, the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch had more activity than that of the green one in terms of the overall anti-complementary activity. Among the extracts of various organic solvents of the ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch, chloroform and ethyl-acetate extracts, which are non-polar solvent extracts, showed the strongest activities. These results suggest that the major difference in the solvent extraction for the anti-complementary substances depends on the change in the chemical composition such as the fatty acid with the degree of ripening.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.642-647
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• 1992

Second-order rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of substituted phenyl acetates with butane-2,3-dione monoximate and p-chlorophenoxide anions in MeCN-H$_2$O mixtures of varying compositions. The reaction rate, unexpectedly, decreased remarkably upon initial additions of MeCN to H$_2$O up to 30-40 mole ${\%}$ MeCN, and followed by a gradual increase upon further additions of MeCN. The change in solvent composition also influenced the magnitude of the ${\alpha}$-effect, i.e., the ${\alpha}$-effect increased as the mole ${\%}$ MeCN increased. The solvent dependent ${\alpha}$-effect for the present system appears to indicate that the differential solvation between the ${\alpha}$-effect nucleophile and the corresponding normal nucleophile is not solely responsible but the difference in the transition-state stabilization is also responsible for the ${\alpha}$ -effect in organic solvent-rich region.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2004

Microfiltration membranes were prepared from aromatic polyethersulfone (PES) polymer, using aprotic solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) and non-solvent additive (2-methoxy ethanol, 2-ME) by the phase inversion co-process of the vapor-induced phase inversion (VIPI) and the nonsolvent-induced phase inversion (NIPI). According to the change of the additive amount, the solvent amount and the relative humidity, membrane characterization was studied. The non-solvent additive in casting solution played an important role in membrane morphology. During the vapor-induced phase inversion, the relative humidity led to water sorption on the surface of casting dope at which pore formation was generated. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope observations, measurements of capillary flow porometer and pure water flux (PWP). Also the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of membrane-forming system were studied through coagulation value, light transmittance and viscosity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1451-1456
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• 1999

Solvolyses of α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride in H₂O, D₂O, CH₃OD, 50% D₂O-CH₃OD, and in aqueous binary mixtures of acetone, dioxane, ethanol and methanol are investigated at 25.0℃. The Grunwald-Winstein plots of first-order rate constants for α-methoxy- α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride with $Y_{Cl}$ show a dispersion phenomenon. Solvent nucleophilicity N has been shown to give considerable im-provement when it is added as an 1N term to the original Grunwald-Winstein for the solvolyses of α-methoxy- α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride. The dispersions in the Grunwald-Winstein correlations in the present studies are caused by solvent nucleophilicity. The magnitude of l and m values associated with a change of solvent composition predicts the associative $S_N2$ transition state. The kinetic solvent isotope effects determined in deuterated water and methanol are consistent with the proposed mechanism of the general base catalyzed associative $S_N2$ or $S_AN$ mechanism for the of α-methoxy- α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 1995

The effects of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, and water content were investigated in intramolecular esterification. This study used cyclohexane as organic solvent, power lipase as enzyme, and benzyl alcohol and octanoic acid as substrate. The initial reaction rate was found to be proportional to enzyme concentration; followed Michaelis-Menten equation for octanoic acid; and was inhibited by benzyl alcohol . The observed initial reaction rate first increased, then decreased with increasing reaction temperature, giving rise to the maximum rate at 20$\circ$. The drop in the reaction rate at higher temperature was to partition equilibrium change of substrate between organic solvent and hydration layer of enzyme molecule in addition to the deactivation by enzyme denaturation. Water layer surrounding enzyme molecule seemed to activate in organic solvent and the realistic reaction was done in the water layer. In the enzymatic reaction in organic solvent, the initial reaction rate was influenced by partition quilibrium of substrate, so the optimum condition of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, and water content would give a good design tool.