• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.165-203
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• 1987

This project was a service-cum-research effort with a quasi-experimental study design to examine the health benefits of an integrated Family Planning (FP)/Maternal & Child health (MCH) Service approach that provides crucial factors missing in the present on-going programs. The specific objectives were: 1) To test the effectiveness of trained nurse/midwives (MW) assigned as change agents in the Health Sub-Center (HSC) to bring about the changes in the eight FP/MCH indicators, namely; (i)FP/MCH contacts between field workers and their clients (ii) the use of effective FP methods, (iii) the inter-birth interval and/or open interval, (iv) prenatal care by medically qualified personnel, (v) medically supervised deliveries, (vi) the rate of induced abortion, (vii) maternal and infant morbidity, and (viii) preinatal & infant mortality. 2) To measure the integrative linkage (contacts) between MW & HSC workers and between HSC and clients. 3) To examine the organizational or administrative factors influencing integrative linkage between health workers. Study design; The above objectives called for quasi-experimental design setting up a study and control area with and without a midwife. An active intervention program (FP/MCH minimum 'package' program) was conducted for a 2 year period from June 1982-July 1984 in Seosan County and 'before and after' surveys were conducted to measure the change. Service input; This study was undertaken by the Soonchunhyang University in collaboration with WHO. After a baseline survery in 1981, trained nurses/midwives were introduced into two health sub-centers in a rural setting (Seosan county) for a 2 year period from 1982 to 1984. A major service input was the establishment of midwifery services in the existing health delivery system with emphasis on nurse/midwife's role as the link between health workers (nurse aids) and village health workers, and the referral of risk patients to the private physician (OBGY specialist). An evaluation survey was made in August 1984 to assess the effectiveness of this alternative integrated approach in the study areas in comparison with the control area which had normal government services. Method of evaluation; a. In this study, the primary objective was first to examine to what extent the FP/MCH package program brought about changes in the pre-determined eight indicators (outcome and impact measures) and the following relationship was first analyzed; b. Nevertheless, this project did not automatically accept the assumption that if two or more activities were integrated, the results would automatically be better than a non-integrated or categorical program. There is a need to assess the 'integration process' itself within the package program. The process of integration was measured in terms of interactive linkages, or the quantity & quality of contacts between workers & clients and among workers. Intergrative linkages were hypothesized to be influenced by organizational factors at the HSC clinic level including HSC goals, sltrurture, authority, leadership style, resources, and personal characteristics of HSC staff. The extent or degree of integration, as measured by the intensity of integrative linkages, was in turn presumed to influence programme performance. Thus as indicated diagrammatically below, organizational factors constituted the independent variables, integration as the intervening variable and programme performance with respect to family planning and health services as the dependent variable: Concerning organizational factors, however, due to the limited number of HSCs (2 in the study area and 3 in the control area), they were studied by participatory observation of an anthropologist who was independent of the project. In this observation, we examined whether the assumed integration process actually occurred or not. If not, what were the constraints in producing an effective integration process. Summary of Findings; A) Program effects and impact 1. Effects on FP use: During this 2 year action period, FP acceptance increased from 58% in 1981 to 78% in 1984 in both the study and control areas. This increase in both areas was mainly due to the new family planning campaign driven by the Government for the same study period. Therefore, there was no increment of FP acceptance rate due to additional input of MW to the on-going FP program. But in the study area, quality aspects of FP were somewhat improved, having a better continuation rate of IUDs & pills and more use of effective Contraceptive methods in comparison with the control area. 2. Effects of use of MCH services: Between the study and control areas, however, there was a significant difference in maternal and child health care. For example, the coverage of prenatal care was increased from 53% for 1981 birth cohort to 75% for 1984 birth cohort in the study area. In the control area, the same increased from 41% (1981) to 65% (1984). It is noteworthy that almost two thirds of the recent birth cohort received prenatal care even in the control area, indicating that there is a growing demand of MCH care as the size of family norm becomes smaller 3. There has been a substantive increase in delivery care by medical professions in the study area, with an annual increase rate of 10% due to midwives input in the study areas. The project had about two times greater effect on postnatal care (68% vs. 33%) at delivery care(45.2% vs. 26.1%). 4. The study area had better reproductive efficiency (wanted pregancies with FP practice & healthy live births survived by one year old) than the control area, especially among women under 30 (14.1% vs. 9.6%). The proportion of women who preferred the 1st trimester for their first prenatal care rose significantly in the study area as compared to the control area (24% vs 13%). B) Effects on Interactive Linkage 1. This project made a contribution in making several useful steps in the direction of service integration, namely; i) The health workers have become familiar with procedures on how to work together with each other (especially with a midwife) in carrying out their work in FP/MCH and, ii) The health workers have gotten a feeling of the usefulness of family health records (statistical integration) in identifying targets in their own work and their usefulness in caring for family health. 2. On the other hand, because of a lack of required organizational factors, complete linkage was not obtained as the project intended. i) In regards to the government health worker's activities in terms of home visiting there was not much difference between the study & control areas though the MW did more home visiting than Government health workers. ii) In assessing the service performance of MW & health workers, the midwives balanced their workload between 40% FP, 40% MCH & 20% other activities (mainly immunization). However, $85{\sim}90%$ of the services provided by the health workers were other than FP/MCH, mainly for immunizations such as the encephalitis campaign. In the control area, a similar pattern was observed. Over 75% of their service was other than FP/MCH. Therefore, the pattern shows the health workers are a long way from becoming multipurpose workers even though the government is pushing in this direction. 3. Villagers were much more likely to visit the health sub-center clinic in the study area than in the control area (58% vs.31%) and for more combined care (45% vs.23%). C) Organization factors (admistrative integrative issues) 1. When MW (new workers with higher qualification) were introduced to HSC, it was noted that there were conflicts between the existing HSC workers (Nurse aids with less qualification than MW) and the MW for the beginning period of the project. The cause of the conflict was studied by an anthropologist and it was pointed out that these functional integration problems stemmed from the structural inadequacies of the health subcenter organization as indicated below; i) There is still no general consensus about the objectives and goals of the project between the project staff and the existing health workers. ii) There is no formal linkage between the responsibility of each member's job in the health sub-center. iii) There is still little chance for midwives to play a catalytic role or to establish communicative networks between workers in order to link various knowledge and skills to provide better FP/MCH services in the health sub-center. 2. Based on the above findings the project recommended to the County Chief (who has power to control the administrative staff and the technical staff in his county) the following ; i) In order to solve the conflicts between the individual roles and functions in performing health care activities, there must be goals agreed upon by both. ii) The health sub·center must function as an autonomous organization to undertake the integration health project. In order to do that, it is necessary to support administrative considerations, and to establish a communication system for supervision and to control of the health sub-centers. iii) The administrative organization, tentatively, must be organized to bind the health worker's midwive's and director's jobs by an organic relationship in order to achieve the integrative system under the leadership of health sub-center director. After submitting this observation report, there has been better understanding from frequent meetings & communication between HW/MW in FP/MCH work as the program developed. Lessons learned from the Seosan Project (on issues of FP/MCH integration in Korea); 1) A majority or about 80% of the couples are now practicing FP. As indicated by the study, there is a growing demand from clients for the health system to provide more MCH services than FP in order to maintain the achieved small size of family through FP practice. It is fortunate to see that the government is now formulating a MCH policy for the year 2,000 and revising MCH laws and regulations to emphasize more MCH care for achieving a small size family through family planning practice. 2) Goal consensus in FP/MCH shouBd be made among the health workers It administrators, especially to emphasize the need of care of 'wanted' child. But there is a long way to go to realize the 'real' integration of FP into MCH in Korea, unless there is a structural integration FP/MCH because a categorical FP is still first priority to reduce the rate of population growth for economic reasons but not yet for health/welfare reasons in practice. 3) There should be more financial allocation: (i) a midwife should be made available to help to promote the MCH program and coordinate services, (in) there should be a health sub·center director who can provide leadership training for managing the integrated program. There is a need for 'organizational support', if the decision of integration is made to obtain benefit from both FP & MCH. In other words, costs should be paid equally to both FP/MCH. The integration slogan itself, without the commitment of paying such costs, is powerless to advocate it. 4) Need of management training for middle level health personnel is more acute as the Government has already constructed 90 MCH centers attached to the County Health Center but without adequate manpower, facilities, and guidelines for integrating the work of both FP and MCH. 5) The local government still considers these MCH centers only as delivery centers to take care only of those visiting maternity cases. The MCH center should be a center for the managment of all pregnancies occurring in the community and the promotion of FP with a systematic and effective linkage of resources available in the county such as i.e. Village Health Worker, Community Health Practitioner, Health Sub-center Physicians & Health workers, Doctors and Midwives in MCH center, OBGY Specialists in clinics & hospitals as practiced by the Seosan project at primary health care level.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1971

It is well known that diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic derangements, such as hyper-glycemia, ketosis, glycosuria, and also widespread alterations in the blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, peripheral nerves and heart. It is also recognized that healing of skin wound is delayed in diabetics. In bone, according to Aegerter, osteopenia develops in diabetes mellitus and it is chiefly ascribed to overutilization of protein. Shim claims that total blood flow to the entire skeletal system is approximately 4 to 8 percent of resting cardiac output and blood supply to the skeletal system would be decreased on account of secondary arteriosclerotic changes in the diabetics. An adequate blood supply is an essential factor in the healing process of fracture, and disturbed blood flow, either local or systemic, will invariably delay union of the fragments or the fragments from being fused. As the author has encountered several cases of diabetics in whom healing of fracture was delayed or incomplete, this experimental study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the healing process of fracture. In this experiment adult albino rabbits, weighing about 2 kg. were used and divided into 6 groups. The femur of each animal was fractured surgically, and then the healing process of fracture was periodically checked by radiography at an interval of one week for a period of 6 weeks. Thereafter, all the rabbits were killed to obtain tissue preparation of the femur. The experimental groups were as follows; 1) Control group: Six rabbits sustained a surgical fracture to the femur, without being given any other treatment or drug. 2) Alloxan-treated group: For inducing diabetes, alloxan was given intravenously to 17 rabbits in various dose as follows; to 7 of them 40 mg/kg, to 6 rabbits 80 mg/kg and to 4 rabbits 120 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. 3) Insulin-treated group: Protamine-zinc insulin was injected subcutaneously to each of 6 rabbits in a daily dose of 1 unit per kilogram of body weight. 4) Group treated with insulin after alloxan: Four rabbits were given 80 mg of alloxan once and than 1 unit of insulin per kilogram of body weight daily. Another 5 rabbits were injected 1 unit of insulin per kg of body weight daily following administration of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg. 5) Homotransplantation group: Following intravenous injection of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg, 10 rabbits underwent homotransplantation of a short bone segment to the femur. Five of them were subsequently given 1 unit/kg of insulin daily. 6) Sugar-treated group: six rabbits were fed $15{\sim}20$ gm of sugar daily throughout the period of experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Blood sugar level and damage to the pancreatic islet increased proportionately when alloxan was given to the rabbits in various doses. No appreciable change could be observed in the islets when the blood sugar level was altered by either oral administration of sugar or subcutaneous injection of insulin. 2. Comparing with the control group, healing of fracture was delayed in the alloxan-treated group, while callus formation and periosteal reaction were shown to be more prominent in this group and subsequently, the ultimate osseous tissue formed at the fracture site was significantly smaller in amount and less compact. These findings were more marked as the amount of alloxan increased. 3. Administration of insulin prevented the delay in healing process of fracture in the rabbits with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. In this case, the course and progression of fracture healing were almost similar to those of control group. 4. Union between the host bone and the fragment transplanted from other rabbit of the same species was more delayed in the group treated with alloxan alone than in the group to which insulin was administered after development of alloxan-induced diabetes. In both groups periosteal new bone developed from the ends of the host bone, above and below the transplanted fragment, and directly fused with failure of periosteal callus to bridge the adjacent ends of the host bone and the transplanted fragment. 5. The healing process of fracture was not inhibited by alteration in blood sugar level when the blood sugar was abnormally increased by excessive sugar intake or lowered by administration of insulin alone. The healing of fracture in these groups progressed similarly as in the control group. In brief summary, it appears that the healing process of fracture would be definitely disturbed in diabetic state brought about by damage to the pancreatic islet. As such an inhibition could be overcome with insulin, it seems that insulin plays an important role in healing of fracture, but alteration in blood sugar level alone does not modify healing process of fracture to significant degree.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-106
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• 1986

1, The Purpose of Study This is a study on the Evaluation of the operating of Fisheries Extension Services of Korea, for performing the activities such as guiding fisheries technique as well as offering industrial information to the fishermen in fishing village. By doing so, the Fisheries Extension Sevices(FES) can materialize the continued growth of fisheries, the social and economic development of fishing village, and the increase in income by enhancing the knowledge level of Fishermen, etc. In performing fisheries policy, this activity plays a great role on the research and development activity, and it has become practical since 1976 in Korea. In order to meet immediately with the problem of fisheries technical innovation and rapid environmental changes surrounding the fisheries, the fishermen should not only enhance their scientific and comprehensive capacity in fisheries technique but abtain various effective information. Generally, as most of all the fishemen are poor in the managerial structure and scattered in fishing villages, they have little opportunity in the contact of information. As a result, it is nessessary for the FES to perform the fishing business by the extension service officials who has received special training and acquired fisheries know-how in these fields. And yet, FES is under the unfullfilled circumstance in such factors as manpower, technical know-how, equipment, and the service system etc., which is required in promoting the social, economic development of fishing village and in resolving the high technique demand of fisherman. This study on the fisheries extension services have been studied from those backgrounds. 2. Research Method The data of collecting methods which were necessary in carrying out this study was adopted by the questionaire research on the present extension service activity, through the subject of the extension services (driving agency of the work and the officials), the object(fishemen) and the 3rd observers to the extension services (the authorities concerned). The research sample was taken by the sampling extraction of total 1, 774 men from the above 3 groups. And the research was carried out from August, 1986 to October, 1986, supported from the Fisheries Extension Office (FEO) located in field during the research process. In this study, the levels of the extension operating were determined and estimated in accordance with the extension service method, morale of extension service officials and the extension service system, etc. through the collected data of the research questionaire paper. And based on this result, the essential conditions of the extension services were grasped, and also we tried to present the various activity plan necessary to promote the operating of the extension services. The questionaire research data was calculated by the computer center of National Fisheries University of Pusan, and the total result was again tried on the one demension analysis along with two dimension analysis to search out the relativity between the questionaire, and the statistical test was done $\chi$$^2$test in significance level of l~5%. 3. Contents of Study This study consists of 7 chapters and the contents are as follows : Chapter I : The object and method of the study Chapter II : The assessment and analysis of the extension services Chapter III : The contents and method of the extension services Chapter IV : Analysis of the essential conditions for the extension services Chapter V : The evaluation of activities of extension services Chapter Ⅵ : Conclusion.4. Results and RecommendationTherefore, the results of this study estimated by logical process and analysis are as follows : 1) Most of Korean fishing villages and coastal fishermen have shown much concerns about fisheries technique and social changes, thus many of them were confronted with new problems on how to adapt and to meet changes. 2) Majority of fishermen estimated FEO as an organization of specific technologies with all the thing concerning the fisheries technique in general. Therefore the fishermen wanted to utilize the FEO as an adaptable method for the modern fisheries techniques as well as the environmental changes. 3) In contrast with the fast changes of the fisheries technique, the complexity and variety of technical system and the broadness of fishing village and fishermen, it was revealed that the necessary factors such as the facilities, manpower, budget, and the level of applying techniques of the FEO located in field were highly insufficient. Accordingly, the guiding efficiency was low and the extension services did not provide full solution to the various request from fishermen. 4) It is possible to classify the activation factor for the extension service into two large dimension ; personal dimension relevant to guidance officials and work dimension relevant to the organization. And it was found that the activation level of the work dimension was far lower than the personal dimension between them. So, the activation should be done first in the dimesion to promote the activation of the extension services. 5) The extension services officials are now demoralized in general, thus it is necessary to take reality into consideration : the expense of activity, the adequate endowment of activity scope and the reasonable operation of the position class, etc to enhance its morale. However, in order to do the FES activation, first of all, the systems should be established which is lain unsettled stage until now. And there must be change in the understanding of government i.e. the fisheries extension services are the essential policy subject to build up the base of fisheries growth and modernize the fisheries management. And it should be driven positively with the recognition of the "lasting project".g project".uot;.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-267
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• 1993

제 2 차 세계대전 이후 등장한 컨테이너화에 의해 큰 발전을 가져온 현대항만의 수송기능을 이해하기 위하여, 본 연구는 교통결절점으로서의 부산항을 중심으로 컨테이너 수출화물을 통하여 배후지와 지향지의 공간구조를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 분석결과, 수출 컨테이너 화물의 배후지는 대도시와 공업도시, 기타 지역으로 수출품목에 의해 유형화될 수 있으며, 주요 지향지는 각 선사의 수송항로에 있어 각 항만의 규모와 각 선사의 항만터미널 이용 편리도에 따라 결정되었다는 점을 밝혔다. 그리고 수출 컨테이너 화물의 배후지와 지향지의 결합에서 국적 3社 모두 품목에 따른 배후지의 유형은 유사하게 나타난다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-29
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• 2012

Smartphone and its applications (i.e. apps) are increasingly penetrating consumer markets. According to a recent report from Korea Communications Commission, nearly 50% of mobile subscribers in South Korea are smartphone users that accounts for over 25 million people. In particular, the importance of smartphone has risen as a geospatially-aware device that provides various location-based services (LBS) equipped with GPS capability. The popular LBS include map and navigation, traffic and transportation updates, shopping and coupon services, and location-sensitive social network services. Overall, the emerging location-based smartphone apps (LBA) offer significant value by providing greater connectivity, personalization, and information and entertainment in a location-specific context. Conversely, the rapid growth of LBA and their benefits have been accompanied by concerns over the collection and dissemination of individual users' personal information through ongoing tracking of their location, identity, preferences, and social behaviors. The majority of LBA users tend to agree and consent to the LBA provider's terms and privacy policy on use of location data to get the immediate services. This tendency further increases the potential risks of unprotected exposure of personal information and serious invasion and breaches of individual privacy. To address the complex issues surrounding LBA particularly from the user's behavioral perspective, this study applied the privacy calculus model (PCM) to explore the factors that influence the adoption of LBA. According to PCM, consumers are engaged in a dynamic adjustment process in which privacy risks are weighted against benefits of information disclosure. Consistent with the principal notion of PCM, we investigated how individual users make a risk-benefit assessment under which personalized service and locatability act as benefit-side factors and information privacy risks act as a risk-side factor accompanying LBA adoption. In addition, we consider the moderating role of trust on the service providers in the prohibiting effects of privacy risks on user intention to adopt LBA. Further we include perceived ease of use and usefulness as additional constructs to examine whether the technology acceptance model (TAM) can be applied in the context of LBA adoption. The research model with ten (10) hypotheses was tested using data gathered from 98 respondents through a quasi-experimental survey method. During the survey, each participant was asked to navigate the website where the experimental simulation of a LBA allows the participant to purchase time-and-location sensitive discounted tickets for nearby stores. Structural equations modeling using partial least square validated the instrument and the proposed model. The results showed that six (6) out of ten (10) hypotheses were supported. On the subject of the core PCM, H2 (locatability ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA) and H3 (privacy risks ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA) were supported, while H1 (personalization ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA) was not supported. Further, we could not any interaction effects (personalization X privacy risks, H4 & locatability X privacy risks, H5) on the intention to use LBA. In terms of privacy risks and trust, as mentioned above we found the significant negative influence from privacy risks on intention to use (H3), but positive influence from trust, which supported H6 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA). The moderating effect of trust on the negative relationship between privacy risks and intention to use LBA was tested and confirmed by supporting H7 (privacy risks X trust ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA). The two hypotheses regarding to the TAM, including H8 (perceived ease of use ${\rightarrow}$ perceived usefulness) and H9 (perceived ease of use ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA) were supported; however, H10 (perceived effectiveness ${\rightarrow}$ intention to use LBA) was not supported. Results of this study offer the following key findings and implications. First the application of PCM was found to be a good analysis framework in the context of LBA adoption. Many of the hypotheses in the model were confirmed and the high value of $R^2$ (i.,e., 51%) indicated a good fit of the model. In particular, locatability and privacy risks are found to be the appropriate PCM-based antecedent variables. Second, the existence of moderating effect of trust on service provider suggests that the same marginal change in the level of privacy risks may differentially influence the intention to use LBA. That is, while the privacy risks increasingly become important social issues and will negatively influence the intention to use LBA, it is critical for LBA providers to build consumer trust and confidence to successfully mitigate this negative impact. Lastly, we could not find sufficient evidence that the intention to use LBA is influenced by perceived usefulness, which has been very well supported in most previous TAM research. This may suggest that more future research should examine the validity of applying TAM and further extend or modify it in the context of LBA or other similar smartphone apps.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.603-646
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• 2009

본고는 바슐라르의 상상력 이론을 탐구함으로 상상력과 창의력의 철학적 기초를 세우는 목적을 가진다. 바슐라르의 상상력 이론이 서구지성사에서 차지하고 있는 중요성과 상상력 이론이 창의력의 철학적 기초 정립에 기여하는 바를 다룬다. 바슐라르의 상상력 이론은 상상력이 이미지를 형성하는 능력인가 아니면 이미지를 변형하는 능력인가를 변별하는 과정을 통해 접근할 수 있다. 이미지의 형성 능력은 서구사상사에 등장하는 모방론 혹은 재현론과 연결되며, 더 나아가 시각중심주의와 이성중심 주의의 틀과 연결된다. 바슐라르는 상상력이 이미지의 형성능력이 아니라고 단호하게 주장하는데, 그 이유는 상상력이 비상하기위해 필요한 날개가 앞에서 언급한 틀 안에서는 자라날 수 없기 때문이다. 이런 문제를 해결하고 극복하는 과정에서 나온 해답이 바로 이미지의 변형 능력으로서의 상상력이다. 이미지의 변형 능력을 중심으로 하는 바슐라르의 상상력 이론은 운동의 역능을 그 핵심으로 두고 있는데, 실체의 연속적 변화를 측정하는 개념을 현시할 수 있는 이론을 구성한다. 공간분할을 통해 운동을 통제 가능한 순간의 합산으로 처리하는 것을 비판하여, 상상력의 운동이 갖는 참된 에너지와 의미를 밟혀낸다. 더 나아가 본고는 바슐라르의 상상력이론이 기존의 연구보다 훨씬 더 칸트의 상상력과 미학의 반성적 판단과 연결되고 있음을 보여줄 것이다. 이 탐구를 통해 상상력을 체험할 수 있는 철학적 가능정의 조건을 형성한다. 이런 조건의 형성이 곧 창의력의 철학적 기초로 활용할 수 있는 것임을 보여줌과 아울러 상상력과 창의력의 존재론과 윤리의 문제를 다룸으로 본고를 마감한다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제75권
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• pp.83-102
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• 2023

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 고령화로 인한 사회적 문제 해소를 위한 한 방안으로 노인에 관한 이해가 보다 긍정적으로 바뀌어야 함을 강조하며, 그 방안 중 하나로써 노인 인권에 대한 이해와 교육을 제안하는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 먼저, 오늘날 노인 인권에 관한 관심이 필요함을 강조하면서, 노년에 발생하는 노인학대 문제에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 노인학대가 발생하는 원인들 가운데 하나가 노인의 인권에 대한 이해의 부재로 인해 발생하였음을 지적하였다. 다음으로 '노인 인권이란 무엇인가'에 대해 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 UNESCO에서 말하는 노인 인권에 대한 이해부터 한국의 노인 인권에 대한 정책까지 설명하였다. 이를 근거로 노인인권교육의 필요성을 주장하였다. 노인 인권이 향상되기 위해서는 인식의 전환이 큰 영향을 주기 때문이다. 특히 교회도 고령화 현상을 피할 수 없으며, 그로 인해 교회 내 노인 성도의 분포도가 높다는 사실을 전제로 하여, 교회도 노인 인권에 대해 관심을 가져야 한다고 주장하였다. 그리고 기독교적 관점에서 노인인권교육을 제안해야 함을 강조하였다. 결론 및 제언 : 결론적으로 본 연구는 노인 인권의 중요성을 강조하면서, 기독교적 노인 인권을 세 가지 측면에서 제안하였다. 첫째, 노인을 대상으로 한 자기 존엄성 교육이다. 둘째, 타 세대의 노인에 대한 존경과 권리를 인정하는 방법으로써 노인의 인생을 배우고 공감하는 교육이다. 셋째, 노인 세대와 타 세대 간의 갈등을 완화와 조화를 통한 권리 존중을 위해 상호존중교육이다. 그러나 아쉽게도 본 연구는 이론적인 제안에 주안점을 둔 관계로 방법론적인 접근 교육 등은 다루지 못한 점에서 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 이러한 점을 보완하여 기독교 인권교육에 관한 실천적인 교육 프로그램이 연구되는 등 노인 인권 향상을 위한 구체적인 대안 마련에 도움이 되는 후속 연구들이 지속적으로 이루어지길 바란다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.156-171
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• 2012

세계적으로 한류 붐이 일면서 한국문화가 세계의 중심에 자리잡고 있는데 이로 인해 생겨난 부가가치는 측정하기 어려울 정도로 크다. 이에 따라 한국 전통춤의 원형을 보존하는 일과 디지털 콘텐츠화 작업은 정부만의 일에 그치지 않고 막대한 부가가치 가능성 때문에 문화산업측면에서 민간 부문이 관심을 크게 기울이고 있다. 그 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 콘텐츠 개발이 시급하기는 하나 한국 전통 춤의 원형의 가치를 확립하는 일이 선행되어야 한다. 대중은 문화적 가치를 재발견하는데 있어서 적극적 역할을 해야 하며 한국인의 정체성을 대표하는 전통 춤은 체계적인 예술정책의 대상이 되어야 한다. 이 논문은 전통춤 디지털 콘텐츠 개발의 실태를 점검해보고자 한다. 또한 문화원형을 보존하는 것이 지닌 현대적 가치를 재조명해봄으로써 가까운 미래의 문화예술정책의 방향에 관해 제언하고자 한다. 연구를 통해 전통춤의 원형에 관한 전문 인력이 부족한 점과, 역사적 고증 절차의 신뢰성을 점검해야할 필요가 있음을 확인했다. 산학협력단의 협동과제와 전문 인력 배치에도 불구하고 민간 기업이 인력을 양성할 수 있는 정책적 지원은 여전히 미흡한 실정이다. 즉 인력 양성과 자원 배분, 예산 확보, 민간 분야와 개인의 협력 증진, 민간 기업의 산업적 차원에서의 관심은 부족하다. 이는 문화 원형이 즉각 수입을 창출해주는 비즈니스가 아니기 때문이다. 따라서 비즈니스 지향적인 회사가 전통춤을 불가피한 요소로 인식하는 경우도 없으며 그러한 시도도 아직 없다. 이를 위해서는 콘텐츠 개발이라는 하드웨어적인 정량적 정책보다 대중의 소통과 참여와 나눔을 통해 문화수요를 촉진하는 소프트웨어적 정책이 우선 추진되어야 한다. 이를 통해 전통춤의 가치에 대한 자연스런 인식 변화를 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 정책을 통해 전통춤은 문화의 창조적 보고로서, 또한 경제적 가치를 만들어내는 공공산업으로 새롭게 인식될 것이다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.289-312
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• 2018

판소리는 여러 세대를 거쳐 전승되면서 시대에 따라, 혹은 명창의 자질과 능력에 따라 생성, 변모를 거듭해 온 예술장르이다. 무형문화재 제도는 이러한 판소리의 생명력을 보전, 전승하기 위해 만들어진 것이므로 그 지원과 보호의 책임을 다해야 한다. 따라서 새로 제정된 법률안의 올바른 시행을 위해서는 먼저 판소리 전승의 주체와 우리 문화 전반의 인식이 변화할 점은 없는지를 살펴보는 일이 필요하다. 판소리는 21세기 현재성과 대중성을 담보하며 향유 양식도 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 이 시대 판소리의 예술성과 보편성을 어떻게 만들어나갈지는 결국 우리의 몫으로 남는 것이다. 이러한 점에서 무형문화재법의 변화 양상, 현재 국가무형문화재와 전북무형문화재를 중심으로 전승의 현황을 살펴보았으며 그 문제점을 개진하였다. 보유자의 수나 종목의 다변화가 필요하며 이를 위해 조사지표나 실기능력지표를 고려하여 신청하고 지정하여야 함을 논하였다. 아울러 보유자 지정을 위한 항목들의 문제점을 지적하고 개선할 방향을 논의하였다. 판소리의 경우 유파별 보유자 지정, 정기조사와 정기 신청, 대중화를 위한 이수자 역할의 확대, 지역 명창의 목록 조사, 보유자에 대한 감독과 모니터링, 전수교육을 위한 매뉴얼 확립 등을 개선안으로 제시하였다. 이를 통해 판소리의 전승이 더욱 활발해지고, 전수교육이 체계적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 무형문화재법 시행 초기이므로 앞으로도 개선해야 할 내용은 지속적으로 드러나게 될 것이다. 판소리가 우리만의 것이 아니고 인류의 것이라는 점에서, 법률과 문화가 서로 보완 상생하며 나아갈 때에 더욱 바람직한 전승지원이 이루어질 것이라는 점은 확실하다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제71권
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• pp.277-303
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• 2022

2020년부터 시작된 코로나19 팬더믹은 한국교회에 많은 변화를 이끌어냈다. 예배시간의 변화와 형태뿐만 아니라 목회의 정의 및 방향과 철학까지 재정립할 수밖에 없는 상황을 만들었다. 코로나19 팬더믹 초기의 한국교회는 이것을 위기로 인식하였으나 점차 이것들을 기회로 여기며 긍정적 결과를 내기 위해 노력하였다. 교육부서 역시 많은 변화를 겪었으며 특별히 여름 사역에 있어서 형태와 장소 및 방법은 다른 어떤 교회 행사나 예배보다 극적인 변화를 겪은 것으로 보이나 이것에 대한 정확한 데이터는 수집되지 않았다. 이에 따라 오륜교회가 다음 세대 사역을 위해 설립한 사단법인 꿈이있는미래 (대표: 김은호 목사)는 코로나19 팬더믹이 시작되던 2020년부터 매년 꿈이있는미래 회원으로 등록된 한국교회 교육부를 대상으로 여름 사역에 대해 설문을 하여 그 결과를 분석하고 한국교회 여름 사역에 대한 정보를 제공하였다. 2021년에 이어 2022년에도 비슷한 설문 조사가 진행되었으며 260여 개의 교회가 응답하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 2022년 한국교회 교육부 여름 사역은 코로나19 팬더믹 이전의 형태로 상당수 회귀 되었다. 상당수 온라인으로 진행되던 2021년과는 달리 81% 이상이 오프라인으로 여름 캠프를 진행했다고 응답하였으며 외부 캠프를 진행하거나 참석하는 것 역시 31%에 달하였다. 역할의 중요도에서 역시 온라인이 주를 이루던 때는 부모와 교사의 역할을 동등하게 보거나 부모를 강조하지만 오프라인 행사가 진행된 이번 여름 조사에서는 90%의 응답자가 담당 사역자나 부서 교사의 역할이 중요하다고 응답하였다. 여름 행사로는 여름성경학교와 수련회가 주를 이루었지만, 전체 응답자의 25%가 국내외 선교와 전도를 했다고 응답할 정도로 다른 사역의 비중 역시 높아졌다. 2021년에 비해 유아부와 유치부, 초등부와 중고등부까지 모든 부서에서 여름 캠프 참여도가 높아졌으며 특별히 유아부와 중고등부에서의 참여도가 크게 높아졌다. 여름 캠프를 준비하면서 가장 주안점을 두는 것은 콘텐츠와 주제라고 응답한 사람이 가장 많았으며 아이들의 접근성을 주요하게 보는 것은 2021년에 비하여 크게 감소하였다. 여름 캠프를 진행하지 못한 응답자들을 대상으로 그 이유에 관한 기술을 종합한 결과 약 40%가 봉사 인원 부족으로 여름 캠프를 진행하지 못했다고 응답하였다. 이는 코로나19를 원인으로 지목한 30%를 웃도는 수치로 한국교회와 교단 차원에서 해결해야 하는 시급한 문제로 볼 수 있다. 이 외에도 본 논문은 각 질문에 대한 세부변화에 대하여서도 언급함으로 2020년부터 2022년에 이르는 여름 캠프의 변화에 대해서 언급하였다.