• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2001

학생들은 나름대로 자연 현상에 대하여 자신의 인지구조를 가지고 이해하고 있으나 개념에 대한 확신정도는 학생에 따라 다르다. 자신이 갖고 있는 개념에 대하여 뚜렷한 자신감이 있는 학생이 있는가 하면 자신의 개념에 대하여 확신을 못하는 경우가 있다. 이 연구에서는 오개념에 대한 확신도가 높고 낮음에 따라 갈등 효과는 어떠하며, 사후 개념변화는 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대부분의 오개념을 가졌던 학생들은 현상 제시에 많은 호기심을 보였으며, 오개념의 확신도가 클수록 갈등을 더 많이 느껴 자신의 생각과 다른 현상을 보았을 때 심리적 충격이 더 크게 변하는 것으로 나타냈다. 그러나 일부 개념에서는 갈등을 많이 겪었다고 응답하였지만 개념변화가 되지 않는 학생들의 비율이 높아 오개념의 견고함을 보여주기도 하였다. 인지 갈등 수업 후 개념의 변화는 선개념에 대한 확신도에 관계없이 잘 일어났으며, 개념변화 지속 효과 또한 확신도에 관계없이 선행 연구자들의 결과와 비슷하게 나왔다. 즉, 현상 제시 직후부터 일주일 후 까지는 감소하나 그 뒤로는 개념이 자리잡았다. 개념 변화 후 바른 개념에 대한 확신도는 대체로 높아서 오개념을 가진 학생에게 과학개념을 심어주기 위한 방편으로 인지갈등 수업이 효과 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2019

정보통신기술의 발전 및 보급은 학문 연구와 학술 커뮤니케이션을 포함한 우리 생활 전반에 걸쳐 큰 변화를 초래하고 있다. 인터넷 구축의 목적이 연구기관간의 정보교류와 국가의 주요 정보를 분산 보존하여 안정성(stability)을 확보하고자 함에 있었음을 고려할 때, 학문 연구의 과정에서 인터넷 정보자원의 활용이 증가하고 있는 것은 당연한 결과로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 학문 연구와 학술 커뮤니케이션 과정에서 인용된 인터넷 정보자원의 안정성을 시간의 경과에 따른 접속가능성(accessibility)의 변화, 접속가능성에 영향을 미치는 제반 요인, 접근이 가능한 경우 내용상의 변화여부, 그리고 접근이 불가능한 경우 대체경로를 통한 구득가능성의 네 가지 관점에서 종합 검증하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1972

새로 육종된 다수성 품종인 IR 667-수원 213과 진흥을 사용하여 출수후 군락구조의 등적 변화를 질소영양과 관련하여 비교분석한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 군락주조 패턴 (출수기 건물중 수직분포)은 진흥에서는 수직형이고 IR 667에서는 수평형이었다. 2. 엽면적 밀도 (또는 무게)의 수직분포 패턴이 IR 667은 중앙부 우세형으로 진흥은 상부 우세형으로 분류되었다. 3. 군락구조 보존패턴과 엽면적 백분율 분포패턴은 엽면적밀도의수직분포패턴을 따랐다. 4. 군락보존력은 IR 667이 약하여 군락보존율이 낮으며 이는 엽의노화가 빠른것을 나타낸다. 5. 질소영양이 군락구조패턴에 거의 영향을 주지 않지만 질소의 느린공급(유황입힌요소)은 구조의 중앙부를 보존하여 상부우세형을 중앙부 우세형으로 변환 시키려는 경향을 보였으며 그것이 수량 증가의 원인이 된것같다. 6. 증앙부우세형과 상부우세형은 곡실생산에서의 상위엽의존형과 하위엽 의존형에 각기 잘 적합한것 같다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1999

토양중 유기물 함량 차이에 따른 토양내에서 carbofuran과 ethoprophos의 약효 변화, 수직 이동성 및 잔효성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고구마뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne incognita)을 공시하여 실험하였다. 두 약제 모구 토양중 유기물 함량이 많을수록 약효는 감소였다. 약제의 수직이동성은 토양 표면에서 0~2cm층에서는 유기물의 함량에 관계없이 두 약제 모두 80%이상의 높은 방제가를 보였으나, 2~4cm층에서는 유기물의 함량에 관계없이 두 약제 모두 80%이상의 높은 방제가를 보였으나, 2~4cm 층에서는 두 약제의 방제가가 다르게 나타났다. Carbofuran의 경우 유기물 함량에 따라 10~30%의 방제가를 나타냈으나, ethoprophos는 0.4% 유기물 토양에서만 약 30%의 방제가를 나타냈으며, 나머지 유기물 토양에서는 효과가 거의 없었다. 또한 4cm 이하의 토양에서는 carbofuran은 대부분의 토야에서 5~20%의 내외의 약효를 나타냈으나, ethoprophos은 거의 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 , 두 약제 중에서 토양중 이동성은 carbofuran이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 토양중 유기물 함량은 두 약제의 잔효지속기간에 큰 영향을 주었으며, 유기물 함량이 증가함에 따라 약효지속기간이 감소하였다. 약효의 반감기는 carbofuran의 경우 유기물 함량이 0.4%인 토양에서는 2~3주로 나타났으나, 0.8%, 1.6% 토양에서는 1주 정도였다. 한편, ethoprophos의 경우 0.4%, 0.8%의 토양에서는 3~4주, 1.6%인 토양에서는 1~2주로 나타났다. 그러나 두 약제 모두 3.2%의 유기물함량 토양에서 약제의 효과가 거의 나타나지 않았다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2017

Purpose: In people who have chronic diseases, disabilities, and rehabilitation needs, self-management education can improve health and health-related behavior, and it can reduce the utilization of healthcare services. The purpose of this research was to assess the long-term effects of chronic-disease self-management education in Japan. Methods: This study included 184 adults living with various chronic medical conditions who participated in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) in Japan. Data were collected before the program began, and then collected 3 more times over 1 year. Results: Healthcare-service utilization was low at baseline, and it did not change. Self-evaluated health status, health-related distress, coping with symptoms, communication with doctors, and self-efficacy to manage symptoms all improved after the program. However, there was backsliding in all of the outcomes that had improved. Conclusion: Some benefits of this program can last for at least 1 year, but interventions to prevent attenuation may be needed. For economic evaluations, research should focus on populations with higher baseline levels healthcare-service utilization, including use of rehabilitation services. Also, more attention should be focused on the longer-term decay or persistence of the program's benefits, particularly regarding on preventing and reducing disabilities and with regard to rehabilitation needs.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2003

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been widely used as plasticizer, insulator, lubricant, paint and ink. The persistence of PCBs in the environment and their bioaccumulation in living organism make a raise concerns regarding their toxic effects in immune system and subsequent effects on human health. However little has been known about effect of PCB, an endocrine disrupter, on splenocytes. In this study, for identifying the effect on the organs and immune cell of mice by the concentration and time of commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254), each 3 mice were tested at the concentration of 3, 30, 300, 1,000 mg/kg respectively, and their organ's weight were measured in 4, 7, 14 days, respectively. Also according to concentration and time, PCB was evaluated for the effects on splenocyte viability and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and concanavaline A (Con A)-induced splenocyte proliferation on mice spleen. In liver and lung, there were significantly defferent by concentration and time of PCB (p < 0.0001). In respect of concentration of PCB, no significant effects on mice's liver by Aroclor 1254 concentration below than 300 mg/kg were observed except at the concentration of 1,000 mg/kg doses (p < 0.0001). But there was not significant different change in mice spleen by concentration and time of PCB (p=0.2206) and the mode of weight change of spleen was different to of liver and of lung. Viabilities of splenocytes were decreased following treatment with high concentration of PCB. Also, LPS and Con A-induced cell proliferations were decreased by Aroclor 1254 at 1,000 mg/kg. These data suggest that Aroclor 1254 is the immunotoxic compound that may have an effect on mouse immune system.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2016

In this study, change in water-dissolved oxygen (DO) was analyzed under various synthetic water qualities and nanobubbles (NBs) application conditions, such as gas type, initial DO as well as water dissolved, suspended and organic matters contents. When oxygen, rather than air, was introduced into nitrogen-desorbed ultra-pure water, the stagnation time was significantly increased. It took ten days for DO concentration to drop back to saturation. The higher the initial DO concentration, the longer particles were observed above saturation due to particle stability improvement. The oxygen mass transfer rate of 0.0482 mg/L/min was found to reach a maximum at an electrolytic concentration of 0.75 g/L, beyond which the transfer rate decreased due to adsorption of negative ions of the electrolyte at the interface. High levels of turbidity caused by suspended solids have become a barrier to dissolution of NBs oxygen into the water solution, and thus affected the transfer performance. On the other hand, by applying NBs for just an hour, up to 7.2% degradation of glucose as representative organic matter was achieved. Thus, NBs technology would maintain a high DO extent for an extended duration, and thus can improve water quality provided that water chemistry is closely monitored during its application.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Inter-cellular communication via diffusible small molecules is a defining character not only of multicellular forms of life but also of single-celled organisms. A large number of bacterial genes are regulated by the change of chemical milieu mediated by the local population density of its own species or others. The cell density-dependent "autoinducer" molecules regulate the expression of those genes involved in genetic competence, biofilm formation and persistence, virulence, sporulation, bioluminescence, antibiotic production, and many others. Recent innovations in recombinant DNA technology and micro-/nano-fluidics systems render the genetic circuitry responsible for cell-to-cell communication feasible to and malleable via synthetic biological approaches. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular biology of bacterial intercellular communication and the novel experimental protocols and platforms used to investigate this phenomenon. A particular emphasis is given to the genetic regulatory circuits that provide the standard building blocks which constitute the syntax of the biochemical communication network. Thus, this review gives focus to the engineering principles necessary for rewiring bacterial chemo-communication for various applications, ranging from population-level gene expression control to the study of host-pathogen interactions.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

The rapid change of the health and medical environment and the globalization of medicine has driven doctors to converge and analyse of new and up-to-date medical information and decide to what to make decision for diagnosis and treatments in clinical practice. Medical environment goes with the changes with social environment such as rapid increase of aging population, changes of disease pattern, formation of new area of experts except doctors, government intervention for the medical system, medical insurance of the charges of medical treatment, a increased desire for human rights. These trends should be adopted rapidly to the education system for the students of medical school. The learning objectives of the preventive medicine was developed in 1995 and underwent necessary revision of the contents to create the first revision in 2006. However, the required educational contents of health promotion and disease prevention have been changed by the new trends of medical education such as PBL and integrated curriculum and the 2006 revision does not satisfy these needs. We formed a task force which surveyed all the Western and Traditional Korean medical colleges to describe the state of preventive medicine education in Korea, analyzed the changing education demand according to the change of health environment and quantitatively measured the validity and usefulness of each learning objective in the previous curriculum. With these results, for the good education for preventive medicine, each Traditional Korean medicine schools need more preventive medicine faculties and teaching assistants and opening of some required subjects such as Yangsaeng and Qigong. And future studies of the learning process and ongoing development of teaching materials according to the new learning objectives should be undertaken with persistence in order to ensure the progress of preventive medicine education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2006

The preventive medicine learning objectives, first developed in 1977 and subsequently supplemented, underwent necessary revision of the contents for the fourth time to create the fifth revision. However, the required educational contents of health promotion and disease prevention have been changed by the new trends of medical education such as PBL and integrated curriculum, the rapid change of the health and medical environment and the globalization of medicine. The Korean Society of Preventive Medicine formed a task force, led by the Undergraduate Education Committee in 2003, which surveyed all the medical colleges to describe the state of preventive medicine education in Korea, analyzed the changing education demand according to the change of health environment and quantitatively measured the validity and usefulness of each learning objective in the previous curriculum. Based on these data, some temporary objectives were formed and promulgated to all the medical schools. After multiple revisions, an almost completely new series of learning objectives for preventive medicine was created. The objectives comprised 4 classifications and 1 supplement: 1) health and disease, 2) epidemiology and its application, 3) environment and health, 4) patient-doctor-society, and supplementary clinical occupational health. The total number of learning objectives, contained within 13 sub-classifications, was 221 (including 35 of supplementary clinical occupational health). Future studies of the learning process and ongoing development of teaching materials according to the new learning objectives should be undertaken with persistence in order to ensure the progress of preventive medicine education.