• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chang-Won Lee

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Influence of Ultrasonification on Extraction Yield and Chemical Property of Green Tea Infusion (초음파 처리가 녹차 침출액의 추출 수율 및 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Byung-Chul;Kang, Sung-Won;Chung, Chang-Ho;Heo, Ho-Jin;Lee, Seung-Cheol;Cho, Sung-Hwan;Choi, Sung-Gil
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of ultrasonification on extraction yield and chemical properties of green tea infusion. Changes in total soluble matter(TSM), vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, flavonols, catechins, caffeine, free amino acids contents in green tea infusion(GTI) influenced by ultrasonification at $60^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature for 1, 5, 30, and 60 min were investigated. The amount of infused TSM increased about 5.3% by ultrasonification for 60min. Vitamin C contents also increased 0.21, 0.16, 0.31 mg/g from 1 to 30 min by ultrasonification. However, vitamin C decreased from 2.47 to 2.22 mg/g at 60min. Total phenol compounds contents increased about 10~13 mg/g on all extraction times by ultrasonification. Flavonols such as, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol were increased to doubled contents as an influence of ultrasonification. Catechins such as, EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, (+)-C and caffeine contents showed same tendency as the results of vitamin C. On the other hand, result of free amino acids showed different tendency. All amounts of free amino acids did not increase by ultrasonification. Consequently, content of bioactive compounds such as, vitamin C, total phenolic, flavonols and catechins in green tea infusion were influenced by ultrasonification.

Intercomparison of Daegwallyeong Cloud Physics Observation System (CPOS) Products and the Visibility Calculation by the FSSP Size Distribution during 2006-2008 (대관령 구름물리관측시스템 산출물 평가 및 FSSP를 이용한 시정환산 시험연구)

  • Yang, Ha-Young;Jeong, Jin-Yim;Chang, Ki-Ho;Cha, Joo-Wan;Jung, Jae-Won;Kim, Yoo-Chul;Lee, Myoung-Joo;Bae, Jin-Young;Kang, Sun-Young;Kim, Kum-Lan;Choi, Young-Jean;Choi, Chee-Young
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2010
  • To observe and analyze the characteristics of cloud and precipitation properties, the Cloud physics Observation System (CPOS) has been operated from December 2003 at Daegwallyeong ($37.4^{\circ}N$, $128.4^{\circ}E$, 842 m) in the Taebaek Mountains. The major instruments of CPOS are follows: Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), Optical Particle Counter (OPC), Visibility Sensor (VS), PARSIVEL disdrometer, Microwave Radiometer (MWR), and Micro Rain Radar (MRR). The former four instruments (FSSP, OPC, visibility sensor, and PARSIVEL) are for the observation and analysis of characteristics of the ground cloud (fog) and precipitation, and the others are for the vertical cloud characteristics (http://weamod.metri.re.kr) in real time. For verification of CPOS products, the comparison between the instrumental products has been conducted: the qualitative size distributions of FSSP and OPC during the hygroscopic seeding experiments, the precipitable water vapors of MWR and radiosonde, and the rainfall rates of the PARSIVEL(or MRR) and rain gauge. Most of comparisons show a good agreement with the correlation coefficient more than 0.7. These reliable CPOS products will be useful for the cloud-related studies such as the cloud-aerosol indirect effect or cloud seeding. The visibility value is derived from the droplet size distribution of FSSP. The derived FSSP visibility shows the constant overestimation by 1.7 to 1.9 times compared with the values of two visibility sensors (SVS (Sentry Visibility Sensor) and PWD22 (Present Weather Detect 22)). We believe this bias is come from the limitation of the droplet size range ($2{\sim}47\;{\mu}m$) measured by FSSP. Further studies are needed after introducing new instruments with other ranges.

DEM Generation over Coastal Area using ALOS PALSAR Data - Focus on Coherence and Height Ambiguity - (ALOS PALSAR 자료를 이용한 연안지역의 DEM 생성 - 긴밀도와 고도 민감도 분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Choi, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Wook;Won, Joong-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.559-566
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    • 2007
  • The generation of precise digital elevation model (DEM) is very important in coastal area where time series are especially required. Although a LIDAR system is useful in coastal regions, it is not yet popular in Korea mainly because of its high surveying cost and national security reasons. Recently, precise DEM has been made using radar interferometry and waterline methods. One of these methods, spaceborne imaging radar interferometry has been widely used to measure the topography and deformation of the Earth. We acquired ALOS PALSAR FBD mode (Fine Beam Dual) data for evaluating the quality of interferograms and their coherency. We attempted to construct DEM using ALOS PALSAR pairs - One pair is 2007/05/22 and 2007/08/22, another pair is 2007/08/22 and 2007/10/22 with respective perpendicular baseline of 820 m, 312m and respective height sensitivity of 75 m and 185m at southern of Ganghwa tidal flat, Siwha- and Hwaong-lake over west coastal of Korea peninsula. Ganghwa tidal flat has low coherence between 0.3 and 0.5 of 2007/05/22 and 2007/08/22 pair. However, Siwha-lake and Hwaong-lake areas have a higher coherence value (From 0.7 and 0.9) than Ganghwa tidal area. The reason of difference coherence value is tidal condition between tidal flat area (Ganghwa) and reclaimed zone (Siwha-lake and Hwaong-lake). Therefore, DEM was constructed by ALOS PALSAR pair over Siwha-lake and Hwaong-lake. If the temporal baseline is enough short to maintain the coherent phases and height sensitivity is enough small, we will be able to successfully construct a precise DEM over coastal area. From now on, more ALOS PALSAR data will be needed to construct precise DEM of West Coast of Korea peninsular.

The Effect of Kaempferol, guercetin on Hyaluronan-Synthesis Stimulation in Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) (인체 피부 세포주 (HaCaT)에서 Kaempferol, Quercetin의 Hyaluronan 합성 촉진 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Seung-Hun;Nam, Gae-Won;Kang, Byung-Young;Lee, Hae-Kwang;Moon, Seong-Joon;Chang, Ih-Seop
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.1 s.49
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2005
  • One of the key molecules involved in skin moisture is hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) with its associated water of hydration. The predominant component of the ECM (extracellular matrix) of skin is HA. It Is the primordial and the simplest of the GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), a water-sorbed macromolecule In extracellular matrix, Included between the vital cells of epidermis. In the skin, HA was previously thought to derive extlusively from dermis. But, recent studies revealed that HA could be synthesized in epidermis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that is found mainly in foods of plant origin. Kaempferol was known to increase glutathione synthesis in human keratinocyte. And quercetin blocked PPAR-meidated keratinocyte differentiation as lipoxygenase inhibitors. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effect of flavonid, kaempferol and quercetin on production HA in keratinocyte. We examined the changes of three human hyaluronan synthase genes (HASI, HAS2, HAS3) expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR when kaempferol or quercetin was added to cultured human keratinocytes. We found that these flavonoids slightly upregulated HAS2, HAS3 mRNA after 24 h. And we investigated the effect on HA production by ELISA. When we evaluated the level of HA in culture medium after 24 h incubation. We found enhanced accumulation of HA in the culture medium. Although the effects of above flavonoids are less than retinoic acid, the data indicate that kaempferol, quercetin can dose-dependently increase the level of HA in epidermis cell line. It suggested that flavonoid, kaempferol, and quercetin increased production of HA in skin and it helped to elevate skin moisture and improve facial wrinkle.

How Skin Care Ingredient Concentrations Can Modulate the Effect of polyols and Oils on Skin Moisturization and Skin Surface Roughness (화장품 원료 중 폴리올, 오일 농도에 따른 피부 보습과 피부 표면 거칠기의 변화)

  • Nam, Gae-Won;Kim, Seung-Hun;Kim, Eun-Joo;Kim, Jin-Han;Chae, Byung-Guen;Lee, Hae-Kwang;Moon, Seong-Joon;Kang, Hak-Hee;Chang, Ih-Seop
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.4 s.54
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 2005
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different skin care ingredient concentrations on the effect of polyols and oils on the human skin moisturization and skin surface roughness. Polyols and oils were essential ingredients to make a skin care formulation. But these were still not understood how much concentration(s) were tested on human skin in the aspect of efficacy and sensory. We studied to examine various concentrations of ingredient by cosmetic companies using noninvasive methods. Polyols were composed of glycerol and butylene glycol (BG) as 1:1 ratio, and oils were hydrogenated polydecene, cetyl ethylhexanoate and pentaerythrityl tetraethylhexanoate (PTO(R), Stearinerie Dubois Fils Co., France) as 1:1:1 ratio. All compounds were tested $0{\sim}27%dml$ Polyols and $0{\sim}35%dml$ oils in O/W emulsions. We investigated the effect of water contents and the effect of stratum corneum roughness in forearm skin after application of compounds. Water contents of the skin measured by skin capacitance and skin surface roughness measured visual scoring of skin surface biopsy through the scanning electron microscopy. Water contents of the skin were highly related to amount of polyols (to 20%) and oils (to 12%). Correlation coefficients were 0.971 and 0.985 respectively (p<0.01), 2 h after application. Skin surface roughness was positively correlated with polyol contents in concentration dependent manner, and depend on oils up to 6%. The ratio of coefficient was 2.5 to 1 (polyol to oils) by regression analysis. Further studies will be conducted with other ingredients such as surfactants, lipids and aqueous materials, and with ether methods for noninvasive measurement.

Effects of Topical Moisturizers on the Skin of Healthy Full-term Infants and Toddlers (국소 보습제 도포가 정상 영유아 피부에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Hyun, Moo Yeol;Lee, Yonghee;Oh, Won Jong;Yoo, Kwang Ho;Park, Kui Young;Kim, Myeung Nam;Hong, Chang Kwun;Kim, Beom Joon
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2015
  • Moisturizers are the most prescribed products in dermatology. Treatment with moisturizers aims to maintain skin integrity and overall well-being by providing a healthy appearance. Moisturizers perform very important functions in baby care; however, there are few studies on the effects of moisturizers on the skin of infants. To investigate the effects of moisturizers on the skin of healthy full-term infants and toddlers, thirty-one healthy, full-term, 6- to 36-month-old infants and toddlers without any dermatologic conditions received moisturizer applied to the whole body except the eyes and diaper area after bathing twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical assessments were conducted before treatment, immediately after the treatment period, and 1 and 4 weeks after treatment. At all visits, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, and skin roughness were measured, the skin surface was photographed, and any adverse events were recorded. After using moisturizer, skin hydration significantly increased and TEWL and roughness significantly decreased. The skin pH was modified to mildly acidic and the skin surface was visually smoother than before treatment. There were no statistical significant differences of effects of moisturizers according to age and sex, and adverse events were not observed. The results of moisturizer application on the skin were increased skin hydration, recovery of barrier function, balancing skin pH within a mildly acidic range, and increasing the smoothness of the skin surface for 4 weeks.

Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Vinegar by Ferment Ratio (발효제 비율에 따른 현미식초의 품질특성)

  • Baek, Chang-Ho;Choi, Ji-Ho;Choi, Han-Seok;Jeong, Seok-Tae;Lee, Su-Won;Kwon, Joong-Ho;Woo, Seung-Mi;Jeong, Yong-Jin;Yeo, Soo-Hwan
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.875-883
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    • 2011
  • Brown rice vinegar was made from brown rice mash with different brewing starter addition rates in static culture, and its quality characteristics were investigated. As a result, the amounts of alcohol produced in the fermentation process were shown to be 9.1, 8.8, 8.6 and 8.5% in the Nuruk 75 : crude enzyme 25 (B), Nuruk 50 : crude enzyme 50 (C), Nuruk 25 : crude enzyme 75 (D) and Nuruk 0 : crude enzyme 100 (E), respectively. The higher the percentage of crude enzyme added was, the lower the alcohol content that was produced. Nuruk 100 : crude enzyme 0 (A) was appeared to contain the lowest alcohol content (7.7%). In addition, the titratable acidity in all the groups was about 0.7%. The final titratable acidity (BV) of brown rice vinegar made with static culture was the highest (approximately 5.2%). The initial pH appeared to be between 3.6~4.0 and steadily decreased as the fermentation progressed, and the pH was almost unchanged after 15 day fermentation. The examination of the changes in the organic acids showed that the acetic acid content was similar in all the groups, and that the single starter added (AV, EV) group had much more other organic acids than the mixed starters added (BV, CV, DV) group. From these results, the mixed starters (Nuruk and crude enzyme) added group appeared to be superior to the single starter added in terms of alcohol production ability and vinegar quality. As the future aging process, however, is expected to change the flavor components and sensory characteristics, studies on various quality factors of vinegar are needed.

Evaluation of Aquatic Ecological Characteristics in Sinpyongcheon Constructed Wetlands for Treating Non-point Source Pollution (비점오염원 저감을 위한 신평천 인공습지의 수생태학적 특성 평가)

  • Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kang, Se-Won;Lim, Byung-Jin;Park, Jong-Hwan;Kim, Kap-Soon;Lee, Jun-Bae;Kim, Hyun-Ook;Heo, Jong-Soo;Chang, Nam-Ik;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2011
  • To evaluate the aquatic ecological characteristics in Sinpyongcheon constructed wetlands for treating nonpoint source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water, the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants, and chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07~1.47, 0.60~2.65, 0.50~4.60, 1.38~6.26 and $0.08{\sim}0.32mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 14%, 6%, 18%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was $813mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $1,172mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was $247mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $359mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. Organic matter, T-N, and T-P contents in sediments were high in the order of $1^{st}$ bed > $2^{nd}$ bed > $3^{rd}$ bed. Microbial biomass C/N/P ratios in sediments in $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ were 78~110/3~6/1, 73~204/1~6/1, and 106~169/1~6/1, respectively.

Analysis of Application of Massive Transfusion Protocol for Trauma Patients at a Single Tertiary Referral Hospital (단일 3차 의료기관에서 외상환자에 대한 대량수혈 프로토콜 적용 분석)

  • Kim, Hyerin;Yoo, Dong-Won;Kim, Hyerim;Shin, Kyung-Hwa;Lee, Hyun-Ji;Chang, Chulhun L.;Kim, Hyung-Hoi
    • The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.262-272
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    • 2018
  • Background: Massive hemorrhage due to trauma is one of the major causes of death in trauma patients, and the quick supply of appropriate blood products is critical in order to reduce the mortality rate. We introduced a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for safe and rapid transfusion of trauma patients. Using records collected since its adoption, we compared the characteristics of MTP applied group (MTP group) and MTP not applied group (non-MTP group) to determine whether there is an indicator for predicting patients to be treated with MTP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and laboratory findings of patients who received massive transfusions in the trauma emergency room of a single tertiary hospital from February to August 2018. We analyzed various laboratory test results, the amount and ratio of the transfused blood products, and the time required for blood products to be released for the MTP group and the non-MTP group. Results: Of the 54 trauma patients who received massive transfusions, 31 were in the MTP group and 22 in the non-MTP group. There was no significant difference in initial vital signs (except blood pressure) and laboratory test results. Also there was no difference in the amount and ratio of blood products, but the time required for blood product release was shorter in the MTP group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in clinical findings such as initial vital signs and laboratory test results between the MTP and non-MTP groups, but required blood products were prepared and released more quickly for the MTP group.

Comparison on the Extraction Efficiency and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid from Citrus Peel by Different Extraction Methods (추출방법에 따른 감귤 과피 유래 Flavonoid의 추출효율 및 항산화 효과에 대한 비교)

  • Cheigh, Chan-Ick;Jung, Won-Guen;Chung, Eun-Young;Ko, Min-Jung;Cho, Sang-Woo;Lee, Jae-Hwan;Chang, Pahn-Shick;Park, Young-Seo;Paik, Hyun-Dong;Kim, Kee-Tae;Chung, Myong-Soo
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.166-172
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    • 2010
  • The extraction of polyphenol and flavonoid from citrus peel was performed by the ethanol, sugar, hot water (80$^{\circ}C$), and subcritical water extraction methods. The maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds (27.25${\pm}$1.33 mg QE/g DCP, QE and DCP indicate quercetin equivalent and dried citrus peel, respectively) and flavonoids (7.31${\pm}$0.41 mg QE/g DCP) were obtained by subcritical water extraction (SWE) with operating conditions of 190$^{\circ}C$, 1300 psi, and 10 min. The yields by SWE were over 7.2-, and 8.5-fold higher than those of total polyphenols (3.79${\pm}$0.73 mg QE/g DCP) and flavonoids (0.86${\pm}$0.27 mg QE/g DCP) obtained using the ethanol extraction, which showed the highest extraction efficiency among tested conventional methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extracts obtained by different methods showed no significant differences. However, the relative antioxidant yield per 1 g dried citrus peel by SWE (190$^{\circ}C$, 10 min) was over 9.5-fold higher than that by the ethanol extraction.