• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 1996

In a small high-speed D. I. diesel engine, the injected fuel spray into the atmosphere of the high temperature is burnt by go through the process of break up, atomization, evaporation and process of ignition. These process are important to decide the emission control and the rate of fuel consumption and out put of power. Especially, in the case of injected fuel spray impinging on the wall of piston cavity, the geometry of piston cavity gives great influence the ignitability of injected fuel and the flame structure. Ordinary, the combustion chamber of driving engine have unsteady turbulent flow be attendant on such as the change of temperature, velocity and pressure. So the analysis of spray behavior is difficult. In this study, the spray was impinged on the wall of 3 types of piston cavity such as Dish, Toroidal, Re-entrant type, in order to analyze the combustion process of impinging spray precisely and systematically. And hot wire probe was used for analyze non-steady flow characteristics of impinging spray, and to investigate the behavior of spray, the aspects of concentration c(t), standard deviation σ(t) and variation factor(vf) was measured with the lapse of time.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2010

In this study, the ejector design was modeled using Fluent 6.3 of FVM(Finite Volume Method) CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques to resolve the flow dynamics in the ejector. A vacuum system with the ejector has been widely used because of its simple construction and easy maintenance. Ejector is the main part of the desalination system, of which designs determine the efficiency of system. The effects of the ejector was investigated geometry and the operating conditions in the hydraulic characteristics. The ejector consists mainly of a nozzle, suction chamber, mixing tube(throat), diffuser and draft tube. Liquid is supplied to the ejector nozzle, the fast liquid jet produced by the nozzle entrains and the non condensable gas was sucked into the mixing tube. In the present study, the multiphase CFD modeling was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of seawater-air ejector. Two-dimensional geometry was considered with the quadrilateral-mashing scheme. The gas suction rate increases with increasing Motive flow circulating rate.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.221-221
• /
• 2014

The present work proposes an improved numerical simulator for design and modification of large area capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) processing chamber. CCP, as notoriously well-known, demands the tremendously huge computational cost for carrying out transient analyses in realistic multi-dimensional models, because electron dissociations take place in a much smaller time scale (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-8{\sim}10-10$) than time scale of those happened between neutrals (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-1{\sim}10-3$), due to the rf drive frequencies of external electric field. And also, for spatial discretization of electron flux (Je), exponential scheme such as Scharfetter-Gummel method needs to be used in order to alleviate the numerical stiffness and resolve exponential change of spatial distribution of electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) in the vicinity of electrodes. Due to such computational intractability, it is prohibited to simulate CCP deposition in a three-dimension within acceptable calculation runtimes (<24 h). Under the situation where process conditions require thickness non-uniformity below 5%, however, detailed flow features of reactive gases induced from three-dimensional geometric effects such as gas distribution through the perforated plates (showerhead) should be considered. Without considering plasma chemistry, we therefore simulated flow, temperature and species fields in three-dimensional geometry first, and then, based on that data, boundary conditions of two-dimensional plasma discharge model are set. In the particular case of SiH4-NH3-N2-He CCP discharge to produce deposition of SiNxHy thin film, a cylindrical showerhead electrode reactor was studied by numerical modeling of mass, momentum and energy transports for charged particles in an axi-symmetric geometry. By solving transport equations of electron and radicals simultaneously, we observed that the way how source gases are consumed in the non-isothermal flow field and such consequences on active species production were outlined as playing the leading parts in the processes. As an example of application of the model for the prediction of the deposited thickness uniformity in a 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber, the results were compared with the experimentally measured deposition profiles along the radius of the wafer varying inter-electrode gap. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 1998

팬톰내에 삽입되는 전리함은 전자 플루언스의 교란을 최소화하는 기하학적 구조를 갖는 것이 바람직한데 평행평판형 전리함은 다른 어떤 전리함보다도 이러한 조건을 잘 만족시킨다. 이러한 이유로 IAEA 표준측정법에서는 표면 평균 에너지가 10 MeV 이하인 전자선 측정시 평행평판형 전리함의 사용을 권고하고 있으나 일반적으로 편의상 원통형 전리함을 많이 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 네 가지 다른 표준 측정법 즉 1)원통형 전리함을 사용한 IAEA 표준 측정법 2)원통형 전리함을 사용한 TG-21 표준 측정법 3)평행평판형 전리함을 사용한 Markus 측정법 4)평행평판형 전리함을 원통형 전리함에 대하여 교정한 TG 39 측정법을 사용하여 서로 다른 측정법과 전리함의 차이에 의한 선량 값의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. Siemens KD-2 선형가속기에서 발생하는 고에너지 전자선(6,9,12,15,18 MeV)을 이용하여 3차원 전산화 물팬톰과 0.125 cc 전리함을 사용하여 각 에너지별로 l0$\times$10 $cm^2$ cone size의 심부선량백분율을 구하였다. 고체 물팬톰내에서 Farmer type 0.6cc 원통형 전리함을 사용하여 IAEA 표준 측정법과 TG-21 표준 측정법에 의해서 각 에너지별로 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 평행평판형 전리함(Markus Chamber)을 사용하여 Markus 측정법에 의해서 각 에너지별로 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 전자선 에너지 18 MeV를 사용하여 원통형 전리함에 대한 평행평판형 전리함의 교정계수를 얻고 TG 39 측정법에 의해서 각 에너지별로 흡수선량을 측정하였다. Cone size 는 l0$\times$10 $cm^2$ 이었고 측정점의 깊이는 d$_{max}$ 이었다. IAEA 표준 측정법과 TG 21 표준 측정법은 18 MeV 에 대하여 0.9 % 의 차이가 나타났고 그 외의 에너지 영역에서 0.7% 이내로 비교적 잘 일치하였다. Markus 측정법과 TG 39 측정법은 18 MeV 와 6 MeV 에 대하여 각각 $\pm$0.8 % 의 차이가 나타났고 그 외의 에너지 영역에서 0.5 % 이내로 잘 일치하였다. 원통형 전리함과 평행평판형 전리함을 이용한 측정법간의 차이는 18 MeV 에서 1.6 % 까지 나타나므로 주의를 요하며 TG 39 측정법에서 제시한 다른 측정방법을 사용하여 측정을 하여 교정계수를 얻을 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 1998

고에너지 광자선을 발생시키는 의료용선형가속기의 선질은 경우에 따라 변이를 가져오게 된다. 이러한 변이를 정확하게 판정하여 줄 수 있는 방사선측정법의 활용은 매우 중요하다. 보편적으로 광자선의 측정에 있어서 전리함의 사용이 아주 빈번하였으나 전자포탈영상장치(EPID)의 등장은 새로운 방사선측정법에 대한 가능성의 시작을 예견해준다. 실험은 6MV 광자선의 대칭성, Light/Radiation congruence, 그리고 Wedge filter를 통한 간편한 에너지의 변화에측과 위치의 정확도에 대하여 측정을 시행하였다. 사실 방사선측정의 대표적인 방법은 물팬톰-전리함응 이용한 모델인데 본 실험에서는 영상의 화소가 지니는 디지탈 값을 적절한 소프트웨어로 읽어내어서 데이터를 환산하여 결과를 얻었다. 선행실험에서 얻은 상대선량률을 적용하여 대칭성에서는 조사야영역이 l0$\times$10$cm^2$ 일 때 횡축과 종축에서 1.2%, 1.2%로 비교적 오차가 적었다. 그리고 Light/Radiation field congruence 여부는 횡축이 0.3%, 그리고 종축이 0.2%로서 예상한 기대값에 접근하였다. 다음으로 wedge filter를 활용한 에너지의 변이와 위치의 정확도에 대한 움직임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제31회 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2000

The sealing performance of an elastomeric O-ring seal using NBR and FFKM has been analyzed for the contact stress behaviors that develop between the O-ring seal and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. The leakage of an O-ring seal will occur when the pressure differential across the seal just exceeds the initial (or static) peak contact stress. The contact stress behaviors that develop in compressed O-rings, in common case of restrained geometry(grooved), are investigated using the finite element method. The analysis includes material hyperelasticity and axisymmetry. The computed FEM results show that the contact stress behaviors are related to materials of NBR and FFKM and temperature of vaccum chamber.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2003

The sealing performance of an elastomeric O-ring using the double layered material has been analyzed fer the contact stress behaviors that develop between the O-ring seal and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. The leakage of an O-ring will occur when the pressure differential across the seal Just exceeds the initial (or static) peak contact stress. The contact stress behaviors that develop in compressed O-rings, in common case of dovetail grooved geometry, are investigated using the finite element method. The FE analysis includes material hyperelasticity and axisymmetry. The computed FEM results show that the contact stress behaviors are related to the ratio of diameter between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the temperature of vacuum chamber.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.144.1-144.1
• /
• 2015

The triggered vacuum switch(TVS) is a one of the important component in consisiting high power control systems(HPCS). The operating condition is depended on material, geometry, operating power and so on. Our research is focused on the effects of thses basic properties and ptimized condition, because these are critical conditons in understanding the TVS operation. Our experiment is accomplished with a copper electrode and a tungsten trigger pin after being assembled into a vacuum chamber. The operating voltage in our system is more than dozens of kV at the 5kV trigger pulse. Our goal is up to 300kJ, therefore the currents should be more optimized in additional experiments,

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2001

Porthole die extrusion has a great advantage in the forming of long hollow section tubes. It is difficult to produce long hollow section tubes with complicated section by the conventional extrusion process with a mandrel on the stem Because of the limit of the length of mandrel and the complexity of cross section. Porthole die extrusion is affected by many parameters, such as extrusion ratio, extrusion speed, die geometry, porthole number, bearing length etc. Up to now, most of studies about porthole die extrusion have been investigated by experiments or steady state FE-analysis. However, in this paper, porthole die extrusion is analysed by the unsteady state 3D FE-simulation. And the result of unsteady state analysis is compared with the experimental result. Also, the surface state of extruded tubes are examined for the various process conditions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2000

It is well known that an automotive muffle strongly influences engine efficiency and noise reduction. The performance of a muffler system is determined by the geometrical parameters such as the relative location of an inlet and outlet pipe size and cross sectional geometry of a chamber. In this study numerical analysis was performed to examine the flow characteristics in the simple automotive muffler for the variation of volumetric rate and offset. The computational grid generation was carried out. The RNG k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model was applied. To provide the boundary condition for numerical analysis the experimental measurement wes carried out. As a result of this study we could understand that there was a recirculation flow inside muffler and pressure loss depends on the variation of volumetric rate and offset.