• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.1 s.41
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• pp.37-48
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of low back pain during past one year and its risk factors. The data were collected from 1,384 manufacturing factory workers from March 1, 1992 to August 30, 1992. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The one year prevalence rate of low back pain by manufacturing company was 38.4% in textile manufacturing, 35.2% in concrete reenforcement, 31.0% in cigarette and 26.1% in metal part(P<0.01). 2. In textile manufacturing, age groups with high prevalence rate of low back pain were 30's(36.8%) and 40's(36.4%) (P<0.05), and the one year prevelence rates of low back pain by marital state were 34.9% in married workers and 28.5% in unmarried(P=0.0511). 3. The one year prevelence rates of low back pain by job part are 35.0% in labor workers and 26.1% in clerical(P<0.05), and by work hour per day it was 34.9% in 9 or more and 28.9% in 8 or less(P<0.05). 4. The highest group of low back pain by work posture was 43.5% in 'lifting and transfering materials', and it by fitness of chair was 56.0% in uncomfortable one, and by height of working board was 33.6% in low working one. 5. In logistic regression analysis, significant determinants with low back pain were marital state(p<0.05), work hour per day(P<0.05), height of working board(P<0.01), and work posture(P<0.01).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the impact of the time that the sitting posture is maintained on changes in muscle performance and head alignment. Methods: The subjects of this study were healthy adults aged between 20 and 30 years. Ninety-three subjects participated in this study (male: 57, female: 36). The subjects were divided into a one-hour group, a two-hour group, and a three-hour group. All the subjects adjusted the height of their chair to a comfortable position and then seat for one, two, or over three hours. Both prior to and after the experiment, the muscle performance (muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility) of the subjects was measured. Results: In the 2-hours and 3-hour group, muscle strength, flexibility and endurance reduced significantly before and after the study, and the head alignment significantly changed. Conclusion: Thease findings showed that sitting continuously for longer than two hours decreases muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. A flexed posture affects the muscle performance of the lumbar region and may result in problematic postures, such as a forward head position.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2015

Objective: The objective of this research is to develop evaluation checklist for personal office furniture and apparatus to shape comfortable and efficient worksite for workers' welfare improvement, productivity enhancement and labor force preservation, and to identify office work environment by applying the checklist. Background: Because most office workers work using computers in a sitting posture, the ratio of office workers among total musculoskeletal disorders patients is forecast to increase. In this regard, an effort to prevent and manage such musculoskeletal disorders is required. Method: This research developed evaluation checklist for personal office furniture and apparatus by examining 25 domestic and international ergonomic literature and anthropometric data. This research carried out a fact-finding survey targeting the A Office and B Office of one public agency using the checklist. Results: Although, the checklist items on desks, chairs, computers and other goods conformed to the checklist standards, the following items did not conformed: desk height adjustment, seat board depth adjustment, lumbar support depth, foot rest, wrist rest, mouse tray, headset, speaker phone and Bluetooth. Conclusion: The evaluation checklist for personal office furniture and apparatus and fact-finding survey results are considered to be used as basic data for office work environment and workers' welfare improvement. Application: The information drawn from this research can be helpful to manufacturers' design and manufacture of ergonomic furniture and apparatus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the respiratory function of patients with stroke was different on the ground and under water. Methods: We recruited 14 adults who had experienced a stroke (12 male, 2 female) for our study. We measured forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiratory pressure when the participants breathed on the ground and under water. On the ground, the participants were safely supported using a table and chair and were measured in a standing posture. For measuring under water, the participants were immersed in water in a standing position to clavicle height. The participants were measured while standing, and the assistant supported them when they needed help. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second were significantly lower in water than on the ground when breathing at maximum. Maximum inspiratory pressure was not significantly different when standing on the ground or in water, but maximum expiratory pressure was significantly higher in water than on the ground. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the hydrostatic pressure affecting stroke patients immersed in water affects the forced expiratory volume at one second while reducing the forced vital capacity and increasing the maximum expiratory pressure.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Manual wheelchair is one of the most used assistant device in Korea and the size of the wheelchair is defined as KS P ISO 7176-5 which follows the ISO 7176-5 standard size. But the standard often doesn't fit to Korean people because the ISO was enacted by foreigners' body sizes. Actually the result of survey from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards showd that the designated sizes of height, width, deep of seat except armrest and the height of backrest of a chair in the present KS P ISO 7176-5 are much bigger and the height of armrest is smaller than the sizes investigated by the survey. In case the disabled person has a long wheelchair use time everyday, the posture of user should be uncomfortable because the mismatched size should cause user's pelvis rotations, slouching pose and low stability. Also, inside of knee may touch the wheelchair seat and user can't keep a correct posture. In this paper, the body sizes of Korean disabled person were investigated and the correct wheelchair sizes for Korean people are provided.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-109
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• 2008

Objectives: The study was conducted to investigate visual display terminal(VDT) and related risk factors in office workers. Method: The study subjects were 539 officers at 3 places of business in Gwangju. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire between October 12 and October 17, 2007. and they agreed to participate in this study. The tool was developed by Moon, Jaedong(1991) for VDT syndrome. Data analysis by using SPSS/win 10.0 was performed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: The summary of results is as follows: 1) The mean score of total VDT syndrome was $1.17{\pm}.65$ of full score 4.00, which was lower than other research. 2) For relation between general characteristics and total VDT, sex (t=-5.777, p=.000), age (F=3.516, p=.015), satisfaction of job (F=9.540, p=.000), self-awareness of health (F=25.015, p=.000) had statistically significant difference. 3) For relation between behavioral work factors and total VDT, break time of work(t=-5.363, p=.000), eye movement during computer work(t=2.176, p=.031), wrist exercise during(t=2.337, p=.020), distance between monitor and eyes(F=3.682, p=.012) had statistically significant difference. 3) For relation between environmental work factors and total VDT, height of chair(F=8.801, p=.000), space under desk(F=4.244, p=.015), reflection of monitor(t=2.697, p=.008) had statistically significant difference. Conclusion: To prevent and relieve VDT syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders in office workers, it is important to teach good posture and stretching exercise during work.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the low back pain of workers in hospital. 214 subjects waking at two general hospitals in Yosu city participated in this survey. Subjects consisted of doctors, nurses, medical engineers, officers and general laborers. The survey data were collected by a written questionnaire which made out by themselves for 25 days, from fourth August to 29th August, 2008. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of four categories, general, occupational, working habitual and the daily living characteristics. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test based on the present or absent of low back pain. Results: 1. In the general characteristics, low back pain had no significant relationship to all factors, sex, ago, body mass index, weight and height. 2. In the occupational characteristics, the phase of distribution of low back pain had statistical significant differences in the working hours a week, satisfaction of pay, satisfaction of occupation(p<0.05). However low back pain did not significantly related to the kind of occupation, period of work and degree of stress. 3. In the habitual characteristics, low back pain was significantly influenced by working posture, frequency of using lumbar and heavy material lifting, monotonous repetition of working operation and noise(p<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the factor of convenience of chair. 4. In the daily living characteristics, low back pain shown the significant differences in walking time a day, status of health and smoking pattern(p<0.05). there were, however, no significant differences in the aspect of the kind of house and bed, sleeping attitude, driving, riding time on the vehicle, exercising, frequency of cultural life and drinking alcohol. Conclusion: when I see above resultants totally, it appears a higher incidence caused by working environment rather than living habit and then consequently compared to hospital workers, they also have high incidence like others. In order to reduce incidence of low back pain and enjoy the our life we need to educate ourselves preventing program for low back pain and try to effort for preventing of low back pain on each department and individual.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1997

The objective of this research is to study on the formations of thermal stratification in a room in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the mattress and wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. When fire spread to only direction, like the case for the trashcan with a regular shape, there was one peak of temperature profile, and for the irregular shaped furniture such as chair, sofa, mattress and wardrobe, there were two or more peaks. The interface heights for the furniture fires were around 1[m] maintaining constant state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25[m]-0.75[m] from the floor.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effect of pelvic tiltng according to the paralytic side on gait in stroke patients during a 10 m functional movement timed up and go (TUG) test. Method: In this study, gait parameters were measured using a gait analyzer for 20 stroke patients and their gait was analyzed during a 10 m TUG test. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test were performed for age, height, and weight among general characteristics of subjects and homogeneity was tested by performing a chi-square test for gender, paralysis side, period of onset, and K-MMSE score. In order to understand the relationship between each variable, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the variables. Results: First, the right-hand paralyzed group showed correlations in cadence and gait velocity in the up and down tilt of the pelvis, and the left-hand paralyzed group showed correlations in cadence and step length in the anterior and posterior tilt of the pelvis. Second, the tilt of the pelvis was correlated with the Sit to stand, walk forward, walk backwards, turn around at the end point, sit on a chair and the total TUG time in the right hemiplegic group compared to the left hemiplegic group. Conclusion: In this study, a significant correlation was confirmed as a result of gait analysis of right-handed stroke patients divided into a right paraplegic group and a left paraplegic group. In the future, it is suggested that treatment for improving gait of stroke patients should be treated differently for the right and left paralyzed side.