• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

A revenue sharing contract is one of the mechanisms that coordinate decision makers in a decentralized supply chain toward the consensual goal. The transfer prices between different echelons in the supply chain influence the total supply chain profits. The study aims to explore various transfer pricing heuristics on the supply chain coordination in terms of the supply chain profits and their interactions with the revenue sharing rate. A model is proposed for formulating the collaborative production and distribution planning in a decentralized supply chain with the revenue sharing mechanism. Experiment results indicate that the transfer price and the revenue sharing rate affect significantly the coordination. Among the studied pricing heuristics, the variable-cost pricing method led to the best SC profits. Raising the revenue sharing rate reduced the SC profits no matter what heuristics were employed. Furthermore, the experiments provide us clues for finding the optimal transfer price for the supply chain.

• 경영과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-235
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• 2002

Many people are getting more and more interested in the value of information sharing in a supply chain in proportion to the development of information technology in these days. In spite of much interest in the value of shared information, the related studies concluded that the effect of only sharing information strategy between upper and lower level is not large However, many related companies want to link each channel members in the supply chain with on-line to expect to reduce the cost by means of information sharing. This study wants to evaluate the alternative strategy to reduce more related costs than only sharing information strategy. This paper analyzed that how much the total supply chain cost is to change in the case of a transfer of decision rights from the lower (retailers) to the upper level (depot, vendor) in a supply chain. The decision rights mean the rights of being able to decide when to order, how much to order, where to order, and what mode to transport or distribute, etc. in a supply chain. By the experimental simulation study to the simple case, the strategy to share only information took the low effect of 1～2%, but the strategy to transfer the decision lights from the lower to the upper member had larger effect of about 5%. However. for the strategies to work well, it needs to cooperate closely among each supply chain members, and the fruits from the transfer of decision rights in a supply chain are allocated to each chain members reasonably Therefore, there needs to study in the future not only the exact transfer effect of decision rights, but the reasonable allocation method of the fruits among the chain members.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2004

Molecular weight distributions of poly(vinyl neo-decanoate) produced by the bulk polymerization of the monomer to low conversions were investigated to obtain values of the rate constants for the chain transfer to monomer ( $C_{M}$). The value of $C_{M}$ of 7.5($\pm$0.6)${\times}$10$^{-4}$ was obtained from a logarithmic plot of the number distribution at 5,25, and 5$0^{\circ}C$, which suggests that the activation energy for chain transfer is on the order of 20-25 kJ ㏖$^{-1}$ . These plots were linear between the number and weight-average degrees of polymerization, but not over the whole molecular weight range for which a significant signal was observed in the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) trace. Modeling suggests that the deviations observed at high molecular weights can be explained by branching of the chains through chain transfer to the polymer, with a branching density as low as 10$^{-5}$ , without affecting the slope at low values of the number of monomer unit, N. This deviation from the expected distribution of linear chains was used to estimate the branching densities at low conversion.ion.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

사염화탄소는 C-Cl결합이 끊어진 후에 생성되는 삼염화탄소 라디칼의 공명 안정성에 의해 매우 반응성이 높은 사슬이동제로 알려져 있으며, 본 논문은 벤질 라디칼과 삼염화탄소 라디칼의 안정성을 비교연구하였다. 큐밀클로라이드는 C-Cl결합이 끊어진 후에 벤질 라디칼을 생성하므로 이 연구에 적합한 구조이다. 큐밀클로라이드와 사염화탄소의 반응성은 스티렌을 단량체로 한 자유라디칼 중합을 통해 계산된 사슬 이동 상수로 비교하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 큐밀클로라이드는 사염화탄소보다 더 반응성이 높았다. 계산된 큐밀클로라이드의 스티렌에 대한 사슬이동상수 값이 약 0.0463으로 0.0011인 사염화탄소 보다 훨씬 높았다. 이 결과는 벤질 라디칼이 삼염화탄소 라디칼보다 훨씬 높은 안정성을 보여주기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 큐밀클로라이드의 사슬이동상수의 유효성을 조사하기 위하여 Monte Carlo 모의 실험방법을 사용하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1083-1091
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• 2016

본 연구는 대중교통카드자료를 이용해서 수도권 지역간 대중교통통행에서 승객들이 겪는 환승시간, 환승회수의 환승저항을 분석한다. 현재 교통카드자료는 버스와 철도를 이용하는 수단통행을 5회까지 Trip Chian으로 기록하여 수단간 환승과 관련된 정보는 쉽게 파악된다. 그러나 수도권 교통카드는 도시철도의 통행에서 발생하는 환승역 정보를 포함하고 있지않아 Trip Chain에서 승객이 경험하는 환승저항이 저평가되는 문제가 존재한다. 따라서 철도통행에 대하여 승객행태를 반영하는 경로선택모형으로 구축하여 환승시간과 환승회수를 반영하면 온전한 환승저항의 설명력을 갖게된다. 연구방법으로서, 우선 수도권 대중교통환승에 대한 개념을 정립하여 도시철도가 포함되는 수단이용의 경우 교통카드자료의 환승저항 개념을 새롭게 정립한다. 또한 Trip Chain내에 철도의 경로선택모형을 구축하여 환승시간 및 환승회수를 대상으로 통행저항을 재평가하여 설정한다. 그리고 버스 및 도시철도 정류장 좌표를 행정동단위의 소죤 및 시군구 단위의 중죤으로 일치시키기 위해서 빅노드를 운영하는 방법을 채택한다. 마지막으로 수도권의 지역간 통행에서 철도수단이 한번 포함된 통행사슬에 대한 사례연구를 통하여 결과의 타당성을 논의한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.2289-2292
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• 2010

Long chain dicationic ammonium salts were used successfully as phase transfer catalyst in the condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes in water under ultrasonic irradiation for the first time. The quaternary salt having longer distance between the cation centers was more effective than the mono- and dicationic ones having short chain.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.710-722
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• 2015

Counterfeit products have been a major concern in global market. With the emergence of RFID systems, to detect counterfeit products in supply chain is relatively easy. Many anti-counterfeiting techniques for products attached by RFID tag are proposed. Most of the previous anti-counterfeiting techniques are not considering the distribution of the counterfeit from a customer to a customer. Using the ownership transfer protocols we can prevent the counterfeit from being distributed on the supply chain as well as between the customers and the customers. The ownership transfer protocols must be modified for anti-counterfeiting because of the usage of the protocol. In this paper, we modify the ownership transfer protocol proposed by G. Kapoor and S. Piramuthu[1] to be able to detect the counterfeit and track and trace the products in the supply chain. Our proposed protocol consists of three phases: the products delivery phase, the products takeover phase, and the products sale phase. We show that our protocol is anti-counterfeiting as well as secure against the security attacks.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

In this paper, we derive a transfer function of cross-coupled microwave filter systems by using a characteristics of chain matrices. Depending on the lumped element of capacitor or inductor, the cross-coupled system is negatively- or positively system. We used a ladder network as a starting system composed of several subsystems connected in chain. Each subsystem is descrived by Laplace impedance. By solving the transmission zero characteristic equation derived from the cascaded subsystems, we can find the zeros of filter system with externally cross-coupled lumped elements. With the cross-coupled elements of capacitors, the numerator polynomial of system transfer function is used to locate the quadruplet zeros in complex plane. We show the polynomoials of numerator and denominator of cascaded transfer function, obtaining the zeros of the cross-coupled system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2009

Human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) is a pituitary glycoprotein that regulates follicular development and ovulation. Clinically, hFSH has been used to induce follicular growth in infertile women. The hormone is composed of heterodimers, including a common ${\alpha}$ subunit among the gonadotropin family and a hormone-specific ${\beta}$ subunit. Since assembly of the heterodimer is a rate-limiting step in the production of functional hFSH, transgenic clone cows carrying a single-chain hFSH transgene may efficiently produce functional hormone. Genes encoding the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunits of hFSH were linked using the C-terminal peptide sequence from the ${\beta}$ subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Bovine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with the gene construct, including the goat ${\beta}$-casein promoter and a single-chain hFSH coding sequence. Transfected fibroblasts were transferred into enucleated oocytes, and individual nuclear transfer (NT) embryos developed to the blastocyst stage were analyzed for the transgene by polymerase chain reaction. Seventy eight blastocysts (30.8%) were developed from 259 reconstructed embryos. Among these blastocysts, the hFSH gene was detected in 70.8% (34/48) of the embryos. Subsequent transfer of hFSH-transgenic clone embryos to 31 recipients results in 11 (35.5%) early pregnancies. However, all fetuses were lost before reaching day 180 of gestation. The results from this study demonstrated that bovine NT embryos carrying single-chain hFSH could be produced, and further extensive studies in which NT embryos are transferred to more recipients may give rise to single chain hFSH-transgenic cows for biomedical applications.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2012

디스플레이 전자 장치의 제작에 사용되는 대표적인 유기물첨가제는 아크릴 바인더이다. 이 아크릴 바인더는 라디칼 중합으로 제조되는데 본 연구에서는 glycidyl methacrylate(GMA), methyl methacrylate(MMA), methacrylic acid(MAA)를 이용하여 공중합을 시도하였다. 그리고 이 공중합체의 접착력 향상을 위해서 실란계 mercaptane 화합물을 사슬 이동제(CTA)로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 CTA는 (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane(MPTMS)이며, 제조된 공중합체들의 분자량, 코팅의 두께, 투과도, 접착력 등의 물성 등을 살펴보았다. 사용된 MPTMS 함량에 따라 분자량이 조절되었고, MPTMS의 함량이 증가할수록 접착력이 향상되었다.