• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cervix cancer

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Smoking and Cancer: a Review of the Recent Evidence (흡연과 암)

  • Kim, Nam-Deuk;Jeon, Seong-Sill
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 1998
  • By far, the largest known preventable cause of cancer is cigarette smoking. The percentage of cancer deaths in Korea due to tobacco is still increasing. Smoking cigarette at an early age has become more common among women. Tobacco consumption is related causally to cancer to the lung, mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, uterine cervix, and pancreas. Recently, several studies demonstrated that there is very strong correlation between cigarette smoking and p53 mutations in lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder cancer. The recent findings of cigarette smoking and cancer, p53 and bcl-2 mutations, adverse effects of smoking on the effects of radiotherapy, and benefits of quitting will be discussed.

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Correlation Between Malignant Phenotypes and Changes in Overall Proteolytic Capacity of Human Cervix and Liver Cancer (인체의 자궁암과 간암조직에서의 단백질 분해활성의 변화)

  • Kee, Yun;Park, Sang-Chul;Ha, Doo-Bong;Chung, Chin-Ha
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.48-54
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    • 1989
  • Several proteolytic activities and the level of and-trypsin in neoplastic tissues of human cervix and liver were compared to those in normal tissues to examine if any correlation exists between malignant behavior of the tumors and the changes in overall proteolytic capacity. Proteolysis against casein and insulin in cervix tumor was increased to 2-to 3-fold while that in liver tumor was reduced to one-tenth to one-half. By contrast, the level of anti-trypsin in cervix tumor was lowered to nearly one-tenth of that in normal tissues while the level rose to about 2-fold in malignant tissues of liver. On the other hand, the activities of plasmin-like protease and plasminogen activator were enhanced 10-20% over the activities in normals. These results suggest that the changes in proteolytic capacity are at least in part due to outbalance in either of proteolytic or its inhibitory activity over the other and occur distinctively to each tumor systems for their malignant behavior.

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Cervical Cancer : Is Vaccination Necessary in India?

  • Farhath, Seema;Vijaya, P.P.;Mumtaj, P.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.2681-2684
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    • 2013
  • In India, cervical cancer is the most common woman-related cancer, followed by breast cancer. The rate of cervical cancer in India is fourth worldwide. Two vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix, both targeting HPV-16 and 18 which account for 70% of invasive cervical carcinomas, are licensed in the United States and numerous countries worldwide. Both vaccine formulations have shown excellent efficacy with minimal toxicity in active female population but numerous questions arise in vaccinating like cost effectiveness, lack of proven efficacy against other HPV strains, social acceptance of HPV vaccination and other ethical issues. The main objective of this study is to emphasis the advantages and disadvantages of the vaccination in India.

Trends and Analysis of Cancer Incidence for Common Male and Female Cancers in the Population of Punjab Province of Pakistan during 1984 to 2014

  • Masood, Khalid;Masood, Andleeb;Zafar, Junaid;Shahid, Abubaker;Kamran, Mujahid;Murad, Sohail;Masood, Misbah;Alluddin, Zafar;Riaz, Masooma;Akhter, Naseem;Ahmad, Munir;Ahmad, Fayyaz;Akhtar, Javaid;Naeem, Muhammad
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.13
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    • pp.5297-5304
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    • 2015
  • Background: The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Cancer Registry (PAECCR) program has made availability of a common cancer incidence database possible in Pakistan. The cancer incidence data from nuclear medicine and oncology institutes were gathered and presented. Materials and Methods: The cancer incidence data for the last 30 years (1984-2014) are included to describe a data set of male and female patients. The data analysis concerning occurrence, trends of common cancers in male and female patients, stage-wise distribution, and mortality/follow-up cases is also incorporated for the last 10 years (2004-2014). Results: The total population of provincial capital Lahore is 9,800,000. The total number of cancer cases was 80,390 (males 32,156, females 48,134). The crude incidence rates in PAECCR areas were 580.8/$10^5$ during 2010 to 885.4/$10^5$ in 2014 (males 354.1/$10^5$, females 530.1/$10^5$). The cancer incidence rates for head and neck (15.70%), brain tumors (10.5%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, 9.53%) were found to be the highest in male patients, whereas breast cancer (46.7%), ovary tumors (6.80%), and cervix (6.31%) cancer incidence rates were observed to be the most common in female patients. The age range distribution of diagnosed and treated patients in conjunction with the percentage contribution of cancer patients from 15 different cities of Punjab province treated at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore are also included. Leukemia was found to be the most common cancer for the age group of 1-12 years. It has been identified that the maximum number of diagnosed cases were found in the age range of 51-60 years for males and 41-50 years for female cancer patients. Conclusions: Overall cancer incidence of the thirty years demonstrated that head and neck and breast cancers in males and in females respectively are the most common cancers in Punjab province in Pakistan, at rates almost the highest in Asia, requiring especial attention. The incidence of brain, NHL, and prostate cancers among males and ovarian and cervix cancers among females have increased rapidly. These data from a major population of Punjab province should be helpful for implementation of appropriate planning, prevention and cancer control measures and for determination of risk factors within the country.

Ten Year Trend of Cancer Incidence in Seoul, Korea: 1993-2002 (서울시 암 발생률의 10년간 추이: 1993-2002)

  • Shin, Myung-Hee;Oh, Hyun-Kyung;Ahn, Yoon-Ok
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.92-99
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : Effective cancer prevention and control measures can only be done when dependable data on the cancer incidence is available. The Seoul Cancer Registry (SCR) was founded to provide valid, comparable and representative cancer incidence data for Koreans. We aimed to compare the cancer incidence in the first (1993-1997) and second term (1998-2002) of the SCR, and we analyzed the annual incidence trend during that 10 years. Methods : The SCR detects potential cancer cases through the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) data, the health insurance claims, the individual hospital's discharge records and the death certificates. About 87% of the SCR data is registered through the KCCR. The rest of the data is registered by SCR registrars who visit about $70{\sim}80$ mid-sized hospitals in Seoul to review and abstract the medical records of the potential cancer patients. Results: The total number of new cancer cases was higher in $1998{\sim}2002$ than in $1993{\sim}1997$ by 20.6% for men and 18.4% for women, respectively. The age-standardized rate (ASR) of total cancer per 100,000 increased 1% (from 295.4 to 298.3) for men and 5.1% (from 181.5 to 190.7) for women, between the two periods. The commonest cancer sites during 1998-2002 for men were stomach, liver, bronchus/lung, colorectum, bladder and prostate, and the commonest cancer sites for women were breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix uteri, thyroid and bronchus/lung. Compared with the ASRs in 1993, the ASRs in 2002 increased for colorectum (58.4% for men, 27.1% for women), prostate (81.5%), breast (58.3% for women), thyroid (141% for women), and bronchus/lung (15.4% for women). The ASRs for stomach (-18.7% for men, -20.7% for women) and uterine cervix cancer (-39.7%) had decreased. Conclusions : The cancer incidence is increasing in Seoul, Korea, especially for the colorectum and prostate for men, and for the breast, colorectum, bronchus/lung and thyroid for women.

The Effect of Abraxane on Cell Kinetic Parameters of HeLa Cells

  • Gurses, Nurcan;Topcul, Mehmet
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.4229-4233
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    • 2013
  • Abraxane (nab-paclitaxel) is a member of the group of nano chemotherapeutics. It is approved for metastatic breast cancer and non small cell lung cancer. Trials for several cancer types including gynecological cancers, head and neck, and prostatic cancer are being studied. In this study, the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of abraxane was evaluated on HeLa cell line originated from human cervix carcinoma. Three different doses ($D_1$=10 nM, $D_2$=50 nM, $D_3$=100 nM) were administered to HeLa cells for 24, 48 and 72 h. The 50 nM dose of abraxane decreased DNA synthesis from 4.62-0.08%, mitosis from 3.36-1.89% and increased apoptosis from 10.6-30% at 72 h. Additionally, tripolar metaphase plates were seen in mitosis preparations. In this study, abraxane effected cell kinetic parameters significantly. This results are consistent with other studies in the literature.

p16INK4A Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Vagina and the Vulva in Tunisian Women

  • Missaoui, Nabiha;Abdelkarim, Soumaya Ben;Mokni, Moncef;Hmissa, Sihem
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.24
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    • pp.10803-10808
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    • 2015
  • Background: The role of $p16^{INK4A}$ expression in uterine cervix cancer is well established. In the remaining female lower genital tract cancers, the importance of $p16^{INK4A}$ up-regulation is less clear. In our study, we analyzed the role of $p16^{INK4A}$ expression and HPV infection in carcinomas of the vulva and the vagina in Tunisian women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 30 carcinomas including 15 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 15 vaginal SCCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine $p16^{INK4A}$ expression. HPV detection and typing was by in situ hybridization. Results: $p16^{INK4A}$ expression was detected in 86.7% of vaginal SCCs with a strong and diffuse immunostaining in 60% of cases, and also in 73.3% of vulvar SCCs with focal immunoreactivity in 53.3% The association between $p16^{INK4A}$ expression and HPV infection was significant in vaginal SCCs (p=0.001) but not vulvar SCCs (p>0.05). Conclusions: $p16^{INK4A}$ expression could be used as a useful marker for HPV positivity in vaginal SCCs similar to that described in uterine cervix cancers. However, our data support the presence of 2 different mechanisms for $p16^{INK4A}$ expression in HPV-related and HPV-unrelated vulvar carcinomas.

Bowel Complication after Radiotherpy of Uterine Cervix Carcinoma (자궁경부암의 방사선치료후 대장 및 직장합병증에 대한 분석)

  • Ha, Sung-Whan;Chung, Woong-Ki;Kim, Jong-Hoon
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 1992
  • Five hundred and fifty patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1986, were analyzed retrospectively for late rectal complications. Of them, 468 patients received primary radiotherapy for the cervix cancer in intact uterus, and the other eighty two patients were treated postoperatively. The cumulative incidence of radiation induced rectal complication of grade 2 or 3 was 6.7% at five years. The mean rectal dose for the group of patients with complication was higher than the group without complication, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). But relationship between mean rectal dose and severity of complication was not found. The frequency of complication (grade 1, 2, 3) increased as a function of radiation dose to rectum; from 16.1% for patients with rectal dose less than 6,000 cGy to 71.2% for patients with rectal dose higher than 8,000 cGy. Among various factors analyzed, history of diabetes mellitus, number of intracavitary irradiation, size of ovoid, retroflexion of uterus and the total dose delivered to rectum turned out to have significant effect on the complication.

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A Study of Relationship between the Level of Serum SCC Antigen and Recurrence Patterns after Treatment of Uterine Cervix Cancer (자궁경부암 치료 후 재발양상과 종양표지자 SCC항원의 혈청 수치 변화의 상관관계에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Doo-Ho;Kim, Eun-Seog;Nam, Kae-Hyun
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.120-129
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    • 1999
  • Purpose : Serum squamous cell (SCC) antigen levels were examined in uterine cervix cancer undergoing radiation therapy, and authors analyzed the relationship between SCC antigen levels and treatment results. Materials and Methods :This is a retrospective study of 181 conical carcinoma patients who received radiotherapy and examined serial serum SCC antigen from 1991 to 1997 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. One hundred and eighteen patients underwent SCC antigen evaluation at diagnosis The relationship between the serum tumor marker level and disease free survival, recurrence pattern, and other prognostic factors were analyzed according to various statistical methods. Results : The Positivity rate (initial serum value above 2.5 ng/ml) was increased with FIGO stage (IB-IIA 57% to IV 91%) and more discriminative than cutoff value of 1.5 ng/ml. Five year disease free survival rates for the stage IB-IIA, IIB, III and IV were 79.2%, 68.7%, 33.4% and 0%, respectively. The 5-year disease free survival rate for patients with serum SCC antigen levels above 5.0 ng/ml was 34% versus 55~62% for patients with normal range (>1.5 ng/ml) or mildly elevated levels (1.5~5.0 ng/ml). Rising SCC antigen levels preceded the clinical detection of disease by a mean of 4.8 months (range 1 ~13 months). Negative linear correlation was observed between initial SCC antigen levels and relapse free survival (r=-0.226), and by multivariate analysis, initial SCC antigen level had a large impact on the relapse free survival. Conclusion : SCC antigen assay is a useful aid to predict the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and to detect recurrence.

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The Relationship between Radiation Dose and Late Complication of Bladder in Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix (자궁경부암에서 방사선량과 방광합병증의 관계)

  • Ha, Sung-Whan;Chung, Woong-Ki;Kim, Jong-Hoon
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.377-385
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    • 1993
  • Five hundred and fifty patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1986, were analyzed retrospectively for late bladder complications. Of them,468 patients received primary radiotherapy for the cervix cancer in intact uterus, and the other 82 patients were treated postoperatively. The cumulative incidence of radiation induced bladder complication of grade 2 or 3 was $2.5\%$ at five years. The mean bladder dose for the group of patients with complication was higher than that of the group without complication, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). But relationship between mean bladder dose and severity of complication was not found. The frequency of complication (grade I, II, III) increased as a function of radiation dose to bladder from $5.0\%$ for patients with bladder dose less than 6,500 cGy to $27.7\%$ for patients with bladder dose higher than 8,000 cGy. Among various factors, the age of patient and the distance between ovoids turned out to have significant effect on the complication.

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