• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of using a horseback riding simulation on static balance in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 children with cerebral palsy at levels I~IV in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), who were randomly divided into a control group and a hippotherapy group. Both the control group and the experimental group received NDT for 30 minutes per session, four times per week, for ten weeks, while the experimental group also received hippotherapy, 15 minutes per session, four times per week, for ten weeks, after the neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT). The horseback riding simulators JOBA (JEU7805, Panasonic, 일본) used in this study simulated actual horse movements; static balance was measured in each group before the exercise and five weeks and ten weeks after the beginning of the exercise using a pedoscan system (Diers Pedo, Germany). Results: The intergroup effects on static balance were tested, and the results showed no significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: The horseback riding simulation exercise was shown to be effective for the static balance of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted with more children with CP divided according to type.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a horse riding program on balancing ability in children with cerebral palsy. Eleven children (five males and six females) diagnosed with cerebral palsy participated. The horse riding exercises (walking and trotting) were conducted twice per week for 30 minutes during 24 weeks. Balancing ability was measured three times at pre, mid, and post-test using an air pad by the same physical therapist. The data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance with time (0, 12, and 24 weeks) using SPSS version 18.0. A comparison of horse riding between patients with hemiplegia and paraplegia was conducted with the Willcoxon signed-ranktest at a predetermined probability rate of 5%. The results showed a significant increase in balancing ability after horse riding than that before horse riding (p<0.01). The average balancing score increased greater in males ($54.59{\pm}84.05$) than that in females ($27.84{\pm}12.67$) after the horse riding exercise program compared to that before the program (p < 0.05). Thus, horse riding exercise was considered an effective to improve balance in children with cerebral palsy. These results provide useful basic data for horse riding for the disabled.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three-dimensional virtual reality horse riding simulator training using a head-mounted display on gait and balance in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Ten children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to the horse riding simulator (HRS) group (n=5) or the horse riding simulator with virtual reality (HRSVR) group (n=5). To evaluate balance, center of gravity (COG) sway velocity and total sway distance of each group were assessed using the Wii balance board, and gait speed and stride length of each group were assessed using a gait analysis system. Results: Intra-group comparisons between pre- and post-intervention measures revealed that there were significant changes in all gait and balance variables such as stride length, gait velocity, COG sway velocity and COG sway distance in the HRSVR group (p<0.05). In the HRS group, there were significant changes in all variables except stride length (p<0.05). In addition, inter-group comparisons showed significant differences between the two groups in stride length, gait velocity and COG sway distance except COG sway velocity (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that horse riding simulator training combined with 3D virtual reality can be a new positive therapeutic approach for improving functional performance in children with cerebral palsy.

• 신경치료
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence, risk factors, characteristics, and interventions of hip joint problems in children with cerebral palsy, and to be able to serve as leverage for early detection, prevention, and function recovery. Method The electronic journal site was searched by the search terms "cerebral palsy", "hip joint", "hip joint dislocation", we analyzed and descript the cited articles from domestic and foreign papers in Pubmed 9, Science Direct 7, and K RISS analysis and analysis. Results Children with cerebral palsy showed the different prevalence according to their disability type, severity, and functional level, and we knew that abnormal neuromuscular control, stiffness, and biomechanical changes could be risk factors. Migration Index, Acetabolum Index, Neck shaft angle using by radiography and passive ROM test, special tests were available for the diagnosis and evaluation of the hip joint. Combination of physical therapy and orthopedic surgery was very important intervention, and complementary alternative therapy, orthosis, and postural assistant are effective. Conclusion We suggested that early detection and prevention is the most important periodic examination and that a multidisciplinary approach is a major factor in intervention.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2022

Background: This study was to identify the effects of blood flow restriction on gluteus muscles thickness, density, and white area index for children with cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty children with cerebral palsy were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed a bicycle exercise after blood flow restriction. The control group performed a bicycle exercise. The study used an ultrasonic instrument to measure gluteus muscles thickness, density, and WAI. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for determination of differences before and after treatment, and a Mannn-whitney U test was used for determination of differences between treatment groups. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for gluteus muscles thickness, density, and WAI after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in gluteus muscles thickness, density, and WAI than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, a bicycle exercise after blood flow restriction effectively improved the gluteus muscles thickness, density, and WAI of children with cerebral palsy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of general exercise after blood flow restriction on trunk muscles thickness in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: Twenty children with cerebral palsy were assigned randomly to an experimental (n = 10) or a control (n = 10) group. The experimental group performed general exercise after blood flow restriction, while the control group performed general exercise alone. The study used an ultrasonic instrument to measure trunk muscles thickness. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine differences before and after treatment, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between treatment groups. Results: From a comparison within the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference in trunk muscle thickness after the experiment (p < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in trunk muscle thickness than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, general exercise after blood flow restriction effectively improves trunk muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased gait function enhancement exercise in three adolescent convulsive cerebral palsy sinuses on children's large movement function, balance and gait function, self-efficacy, and guardian attitude. Methods : The purpose of this study was to conduct a program to strengthen trunk muscles and strengthen walking ability 5 times a week for 8 weeks in 3 children with convulsive cerebral palsy in adolescence. The main reinforcement of the program was 20 minutes of muscle strength and 20 minutes of walking on a treadmill five times a week. Exercises were focused on the reinforcement of the flexor muscles of the proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion (PNF) and the extension of the legs in the bridge posture exercise and squat movements. Results : The results of GMFM-88 to determine the effects of this functional enhancement program on the body of children with convulsive cerebral palsy, and PBS & TUG to determine the effects of balance and gait ability were improved. In addition, parenting attitudes of guardians, self-efficacy of children, and self-efficacy of parents increased positively due to mental consequences. Conclusion : The results of GMFM-88 to determine the effects of this functional enhancement program on the body of children with convulsive cerebral palsy, and PBS & TUG to determine the effects of balance and gait ability were improved. In addition, parenting attitudes of guardians, self-efficacy of children, and self-efficacy of parents increased positively due to mental consequences.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2022

Purpose: This paper sought to classify, analyze, and investigate domestic research papers on the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, and to suggest a direction for rehabilitation after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted from June 1 to June 30, 2022, and only papers published in domestic journals during the past 10 years were searched. The main search term was "rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy", and "rehabilitation" such as "exercise rehabilitation," "equestrian rehabilitation", and "aquatic rehabilitation" were reviewed when they appeared in the titles and abstracts. A total of 18 books were selected according to the exclusion criteria. Results: Rehabilitation by area was divided into exercise rehabilitation, Bobath rehabilitation, equestrian rehabilitation, and aquatic rehabilitation. Analysis was undertaken based on the period of rehabilitation, area wise from 2012 to 2017, except for aquatic rehabilitation, which was studied once in 2020. The intervention effects of exercise rehabilitation were summarized as PICO (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), and most of the studies showed improvements in the subject's physical functions. Conclusion: Research on the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is being conducted in multiple directions and through several methods. In addition to the Bobath and Vojta approaches, equestrian rehabilitation, aquatic rehabilitation using the buoyancy of water, and computer rehabilitation are conducted. For the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy in the context of COVID-19, programs that are linked with families and those that incorporate Information Communications Technology (ICT) could be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2012

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between degree of stress and quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study's subjects were 77 mothers of children under 10 years of age with cerebral palsy. The instrument is a self-administered, structured, written questionnaire. The tool that measured the degree of stress was created by modifying the questionnaire by Park (2004). Quality of life for all mothers with cerebral palsy was evaluated by the ShortForm-36 Health Questionnaire. To verify the effects on degree of stress and quality of life arising from general characteristics, t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted. The correlation between degree of stress and quality of life was analyzed via Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The mothers' degree of stress was rated as 2.69 out of 5; their quality of life was rated as 53.07 out of 100. There was a significant negative correlation between quality of life and the age of cerebral palsy and positive correlations between quality of life and mother's age, background, and family income. Degree of stress among mothers has a positive correlation with quality of life. Conclusion: This study provides basic data about the relationship between degree of stress and quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2022

Purpose : Accumulation of accurate data regarding the use and adequacy of subsidies is important to provide optimal development rehabilitation services. However, no reports have discussed the status regarding the use and adequacy of subsidies available for motor development rehabilitation as a part of development rehabilitation services in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. In this study, we investigated the current use and subsidy adequacy of motor development rehabilitation as an essential part of development rehabilitation services in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Methods : The study included parents of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, who underwent motor development rehabilitation of development rehabilitation services (n=148). The participants were administered a questionnaire to investigate the current use and subsidy adequacy of the motor development rehabilitation part of development rehabilitation services. Results : Most respondents indicated that 310,000-410,000 /month was an appropriate subsidy and agreed that the subsidy should be extended to adults with cerebral palsy. We observed a significant difference in the appropriate subsidy based on age groups (p=.029), as well as type of development rehabilitation service most needed (p=.005) and whether or not agree to extend the subsidy to adults according to gross motor function classification system level (p=.015). There were significant relations of appropriate subsidy (p<.001) and appropriateness of copay (p=.004) according to degree of transportation cost burden. Moreover, there were significant relations of appropriateness of current subsidy (p=.015) and appropriate subsidy (p<.001) according to degree of inconvenience of using transportation. Conclusion : This study highlights the need to increase subsidies for motor development rehabilitation of development rehabilitation services and that the subsidy should be determined based on the burden of transportation costs and the inconvenience of using transportation. Development rehabilitation service for adults with cerebral palsy should also be supported.