• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8679-8683
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• 2015

세라믹은 고온에서 뛰어난 내마모성, 내부식성을 가지기 때문에 산업적 응용에 있어서 널리 사용된다. 세라믹은 금속과 비교해서 고온에서 더 큰 강도를 가지고 있고, 더 낮은 열전도도 및 열팽창 계수를 가진다. 그러나, 세라믹이 가진 취성의 성질은 전기전자산업과 고온에서의 구조적 적용에의 넓은 적용을 제한한다. Ti 활성금속과 STS304를 IBAD 기술을 이용해서 동시에 증착시켜 STS304 스테인레스강에 $Al_2O_3$(알루미나)의 브레이징 접합강도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았으며, 시험편들은 Ti 타겟과 Ti+ STS304 타겟 두 종류를 이용하여 두께를 변화시켜가며 증착하였다. 브레이징 접합을 위한 삽입금속으로는 일반적으로 사용되는 Ag-Cu 공정조성의 합금이 사용되었다. 브레이징 접합품의 강도는 Ag-Cu 삽입금속과 알루미나 사이의 반응층의 두께와 반응 생성물 조직에 의해 결정되며, 본 실험에서는 계면 반응의 메커니즘을 보다 구체화하고 계면 반응에 의한 경사기능성의 접합계면을 더욱 향상시키는 결과를 얻고자 한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1974

The role of added metal oxide in the adherence mechanism of low melting glass to several metal plates such as oxygen free high conducting copper, low carbon steel, chrominum galvanized on copper, and stainless steel was investigated. The metal oxide which added to glass were cupric oxide, ferric oxide, chromic oxide, and stainless steel oxide. The glass to that various metla oxide were added, sealed with several metal plates in the electric furnace at $650^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes. The results as follows; 1) The interfacial reaction was promoted and strong chemical bonding with glass and metals by which the surface energy was decreased showed excellent sealing by addition of metal oxide. 2) When the interfacial reaction of glass and metals was promoted by addition of metal oxide found out that various adhernece mechanism were related to the sealing. 3) When the amount of metal oxide addition was 3-5% the excellent sealing was achieved.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.601-607
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• 1995

The bond strength between the low-firing-substrate and Cu conductor depended on the softening point and the amount of frit added to the metal paste. The addition of 3 wt% frit (softening point: 68$0^{\circ}C$) to the metal paste resulted in the improvement of bond strength, which was approximately 3 times higher (3kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$) than that of non frit condition. It was also found that fracture surface shifted to the ceramic substrate in the interface region. These phenomena were attributed to the frit migration into the metal-ceramic interface. It was thought that the migration of glass frit occurred extensively when the softening point of glass firt was 68$0^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance of Cu conductor remained constant by the addition of 4 wt% frit regardless of softening point of frit. For all samples with more than 4 wt% frit, the sheet resistance increased abruptly.

• 세라미스트
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

Joining ceramics to metals has a variety of applications both in the structural and the electronics fields. One of the great benefits of the adoption of joining into the structural applications is to provide reliability to the ceramic components by backing up with metal components. In joining ceramics and metals, two key factors, i.e., establishing chemical bonding at interfaces and dissipation of thermal stress across interfaces, should be paid for attention. Many joining methods have been already established such as adhesive and mechanical joining, brazing and soldering, and solid state bonding. Each has its own benefits with some drawbacks. One can select a suitable process and materials following the requirements of the application. This report focuses on the current status of joining technology for ceramics/metal system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.308-312
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• 2003

The packaging of the integrated circuits requires knowledge of ceramics and metals to accommodate the fabrication of modules that are used to construct subsystems and entire systems from extremely small components. Composite ceramics ($Al_2O_3-SiO_2$) were tested for substrates. A stress analysis was conducted for a linear work-hardening metal cylinder embedded in an infinite ceramic matrix. The bond between the metal and ceramic was established at high temperature and stresses developed during cooling to room temperature. The calculations showed that the stresses depend on the mismatch in thermal expansion, the elastic properties, and the yield strength and work hardening rate of the metal. Experimental measurements of the surface stresses have also been made on a $Cu/Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ ceramic system, using an indentation technique. A comparison revealed that the calculated stresses were appreciably larger than the measured surface stresses, indicating an important difference between the bulk and surface residual stresses. However, it was also shown that porosity in the metal could plastically expand and permit substantial dilatational relaxation of the residual stresses. Conversely it was noted that pore clusters were capable of initiating ductile rupture, by means of a plastic instability, in the presence of appreciable tri-axiality. The role of ceramics for packaging of microelectronics will continue to be extremely challenging.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

In the manufacture of ceramo-metal crown, difference of fracture strength according to the metal depth has been known to be an important influence on enough intensity and internal stress to endure an occlusion-pressure as well as aesthetics of rehabilitating similar colour such as natural teeth. Depth of ceramic material could be determined by that of metal in three groups: first case of thin depth, second case of thick depth, and third case of constant depth. For the enhancement of the fracture strength between metal and ceramic materials and aesthetic satisfaction, a study on the bonding force, fracture strength, and aesthetics have been required more. In this study, therefore metal coping were made in three groups of A, B and C by using both ceramic powder of Norithe and metal of Columbium, which have been used primarily in the market. A group was made in $0.2mm\times10mm\times10mm$, B group was made in $0.4mm\times10mm\times10mm$, and, C group was made in $0.8mm\times10mm\times10mm$, respectively. The number of metal coping in each group was 10, and total sample numbers used in this study were 30 metal copings. After these metal coping tissue were in the process of build-up in 1.5mm constant depth of porcelain, firing, and glazing, the fracture strength about each metal coping tissue was investigated using oil press. It was found that the average values of durable occlusion pressure for separation of ceramic material in the porcelain fused to metal crown (PFM) in the each group showed the increasing order of A group (30 bar), B group (42 bar), and C group (44 bar), respectively. Proper depth of metal coping in the PFM was considered to be 0.4mm in the B group because this metal size showed higher durable property to the occlusion pressure and better coupling strength in the ceramo-metal crown.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to observe surface property and bonding strength according to composition of Ni-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown. The two kinds of Ni-Cr alloy with different composition ratio of parent metal were observed general properties and chemical properties of each alloy surface and measured the shear bonding strength between ceramic and each alloys. The aim of study was to suggest the material for design of parent metal's composition ratio to development of alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown. Methods: The two kinds of alloy as test specimen was Ni(71wt.%)-Cr(12wt.%) and Ni(63wt.%)-Cr(23wt.%) alloy. The oxide on surface was observed by SEM and EDX. And the shear test was performed by MTS. Results: The surface property and oxide characteristic analysis of oxide layer, weight percentage of Element O within $Ni_{71}Cr_{12}$ alloy measured 12.74wt.%, but $Ni_{63}Cr_{23}$ alloy was measured 15.91wt.%. And the maximum shear bonding strength was measured 106.14MPa between $Ni_{71}Cr_{12}$ alloy and vintage halo (VV group). Conclusion: The surface property and oxide characteristic of $Ni_{71}Cr_{12}$ alloy was similar to $Ni_{63}Cr_{23}$ alloy. And VV group has the strongest shear bonding strength.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.327-343
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• 1992

Metal brackets and ceramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth, porcelain crowns and gold crowns After stored in artificial saliva solution for 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, the shear bond strengths were measured by Instron and compared with them, the bonding sites and bracket bases were examined by scanning electron microscope and light optical stereomicroscope. The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strengths of the group which metal brackets were bonded to natural teeth and the groups which ceramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth and porcelain crowns were comparable to each other, the shear bond strength of the group which metal brackets were bonded to gold crowns was significantly low. 2. The bond failed predominantly at the bracket base/adhesive interface with the bulk of adhesive remaining on enamel in the group which metal brackets were bonded to natural teeth. 3. The bond failed consistently at the crown/adhesive interface with all of adhesive remaining on the bracket babes in the group which metal brackets were bonded to gold crowns. 4. The bond failed at the enamel or crown/adhesive interface with the bulk of adhesive remaining on the bracket bases in the groups which cramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth and porcelain crowns. 5. The shear bond strengths of the groups which ceramic brackets were bonded to porcelain crowns were not affected by etching time.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2002

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the chemically improvement of metal-ceramics bond strength in the course of recasting Ni-Cr metal composite system with 10wt.%, 20wt.% and 30wt.% aluminum respectively. We have tested the bond strength, micro-structure, chemical composition of each metal composites and metal- ceramic bond interfaces by 3-point bending strength tester, SEM and EDS. We have made the conclusions through this study as follow: 1. The most suitable amount of aluminum to the Ni-Cr metal composite recasting is 20wt. % for improving metal-ceramics bond strength with debonding strength value of 49.54 kgf/mm2. 2. The aluminum must be changed to small spread alumina like phases and second aluminum-metal composites phases in the morphology of Ni-Cr metal composite system by adding during it's casting. These second phases have inclined functional oxide phases mixed with metal elements and they must take roll to improvement of metal-ceramics bond strength. 3. In the case of 30wt.% aluminum appended to Ni-Cr metal composite system, an excess of second inclined functional oxide phases produce cracks and spalling of them apart from it's base material. It must be a important factor of reduction of metal-ceramics bond strength.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제24권A호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

The flexural strength from 3-point bend test and fatigue properties were measured to evaluate mechanical properties of metal/ceramic interface of the multilayer ceramic package produced through tape casting. From the results, the specimens with three electrode layers showed the highest strength. The temperature distribution with time during thermal cycle and thermal stresses with the change of electrode's shape have been estimated by mathematical modelling. Specimen affected by thermal shock, produced microcracks by the difference of thermal expansion coefficient. The results of tensile test and fatigue test showed the rupture at pin. The fact that the pin brazed specimens were always fractured at the pin proved the good bonding condition between pin and electrode.