• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.587-591
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• 2009

Lithium salt have been used mainly as electrolyte of thermal battery for electricity storage. Recently, The 3phase lithium salt(LiCl-LiF-LiBr) is tried to use as electrolyte of thermal battery for high electric power. It is reported that LiCl-LiF-LiBr salt have high ion mobility due to its high lithium ion concentration. Solid lithium salt is melt to liquid state at above $500{^{\circ}C}$. The lithium ion is easily reacted with support materials. Because the melted lithium ion has small ion size and high ion mobility. For the increasing mechanical strength of electrolyte pellet, the research was started to apply ceramic filter to support of electrolyte. In this study, authors used SiOC web and glass fiber filter as ceramic mat for support of electrolyte and impregnated LiCl-LiF-LiBr salt into ceramic mat at above $500{^{\circ}C}$. The fabricated electrolyte using ceramic mat was washed with distilled water for removing lithium salt on ceramic mat. The washed ceramic mat was observed for lithium ion reaction behavior with XRD, SEM-EDS and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.464-471
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• 2008

The electrolyte separator for thermal battery should be easily handled and loaded a large amount of the molten salt. Ceramic fibers, especially fibrous commercial glass filters were used as an electrolyte separator and the lithium based molten salts were infiltrated into the ceramic filters. The pore structures of the ceramic filter and the melting properties of the lithium salts affected to the electrolyte loading and leakage. During the infiltration, ions of $Li^+$ and $F^-$ in the molten salts were reacted with the glass fiber and caused to be weaken the fiber strength.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2012

A layered planer SOFC module was designed from planar-type SOFC. It was prepared by multi-layered ceramic technology. To form the cathode and the anode in the layered structure, reliable channels should be made on the both side of electrolyte perpendicularly. However, monolithic SOFC using multi-layered ceramic technology hasn't been studied another group, and the warpage of electrolyte in the channel, also, hasn't been studied, when electrode is printed on the electrolyte. In this study, the channels are prepared with electrode printing, and their warpage are evaluated. In the case of YSZ without electrode, the warpages are nothing in the limit of measurement using optical microscope. The warpage of 'YSZ-NiO printed' increases than that of 'NiO printed', and also, the case of 'double electrode printed' is similar to 'YSZ-NiO printed'. It is thought that, in the printed electrolyte, the warpage is related to the difference of the sintering behavior of each material.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.648-652
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• 2009

Ceramic fiber separator is the promising material for thermal battery system because it reduces the production cost and offers the potential to a new application compared to a pellet type electrolyte. The electrolyte separator for thermal battery should be easily handled and loaded a large amount of the molten lithium salt. Ceramic fibers were used as an electrolyte separator and the lithium based molten salts were infiltrated into the ceramic filters. Leakage of molten salt (several lithium salts) leads to short-circuit during the thermal battery operation. In this study, a uniform and fine SiOC mat with fibers ranging from 1 to 3 ${\mu}m$ was obtained by electrospinning of polycarbosilane and pyrolysis. The optimum spinning conditions for obtaining fine diameters of SiOC fiber were controlled by the solution composition and concentration, applied voltage and spinning rate, release rate by porosity. The pore structures of the ceramic filter and the melting properties of the lithium salts affected to the electrolyte loading and leakage. The importance of the fiber size and porosity and their control was discussed and the mechanical properties were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.625-629
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• 2011

In this study, we show that by anodization of Nb in NaF electrolytes microcone niobium oxide layers can be formed under a range of experimental conditions. It is found that a single NaF electrolyte leads to the formation of microcones. At 1 M NaF, 40 V, 1 h, well-ordered microcones were generated on Nb discs. XRD results show that the initially formed anodic oxide is amorphous, but an amorphous to crystalline transition occurs during anodization. For the formation of favorable microcones, it is considered that proper parameters such as electrolyte concentration, voltage, anodizing time are necessary according to the kind of electrolytes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.12 s.295
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• pp.788-797
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• 2006

An anode-supported SOFC single cell having $5{\mu}m$ thin electrolyte was fabricated cost-effectively by tape casting, laminating, and co-filing of anode (NiO-YSZ), cathode (LSM-YSZ), and electrolyte (YSZ) components. The optimal slurry compositions of the green tapes for SOFC components were determined by an analysis of the mean diameter, the slurry viscosity, the tensile strength/strain of the green tapes, and their green microstructures. The single cells with a dense electrolyte and porous electrodes could be co-fired successfully at $1325\sim1350^{\circ}C$ by controlling the contents of pore former and the ratio of coarse YSZ and fine YSZ in the anode and the cathode. The single cell co-fired at $1350^{\circ}C$ showed $100.2mWcm^{-2}$ of maximum power density at $800^{\circ}C$ but it was impossible to apply it to operate at low temperature because of low performance and high ASR, which were attributed to formation of the secondary phases in the cathode and the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1995

Materials retaining electrolyte of a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) have been prepared with SiC powder to SiC whisker mixing ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 0:1 by a tape casting method. When 3wt% dispersant (sorbitan monooleate) is added to a matrix, the porosity of the matrix decreases a little while the bubble pressure and area of the matrix increase remarkably in comparison with no dispersant content. Effect of the electrolyte resistance and the polarization resistance on perfomance of a PAFC has been investigated using A.C. impedance spectroscopy. With the increase of whisker content, the electrolyte resistance decreases due to the increase of porosity and acid absorbancy, and the polarization resistance increases due to the increase of surface roughness. The polarization resistance affects current density predominantly at the higher potential than 0.7V becuase the polarization resistance is considrably larger than the electrolyte resistance. Both the electrolyte resistance and the polarization resistance affect current density near 0.7V of the fuel cell operating potential because they have similar values. The electrolyte resistance affects current density predominantly at the lower potential than the fuel cell operating potential because the electrolyte resistance is larger than the polarization resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.195-198
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• 2010

It has been considered to apply GDC ($Gd_{0.1}Ce_{0.9}O_{1-X}$) for low-temperature SOFC electrolytes because it has higher ionic conductivity than YSZ at low temperature. However, open circuit voltage with using GDC ($Gd_{0.1}Ce_{0.9}O_{1-X}$) electrolyte in SOFCs, becomes lower than using YSZ (8 mol% Yttria stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte because GDC has electronic conductivity. In this work, the effect of changing GDC electrolyte thickness on the open circuit voltage has been investigated. Ni-GDC anode-supported unit cells were fabricated as follows. Mixed NiO-GDC powders were pressed and pre-sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$. And then, GDC electrolyte material was dip-coated on the anode and sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$. Finally the LSCF-GDC cathode material was screen-printed on the electrolyte and sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$. Electrolyte thickness was controlled by the number of dip-coating times. Open circuit voltage was measured depending on electrolyte thickness at $650^{\circ}C$ and found that the thicker GDC electrolyte was, the better OCV was.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.338-343
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• 2015

To prevent an interfacial reaction between the anode and the electrolyte layer during the conventional high-temperature co-firing process, an anode-supported type cell with a thin-film electrolyte was fabricated by low-temperature ceramic thick film coating process. Ni-GDC cermet composite was used as the anode material and YSZ was used as the electrolyte material. Open circuit voltage and maximum power density were found to strongly depend on the surface uniformity of the anode functional layer. By optimizing the microstructure of the anode functional layer, the open circuit voltage and maximum powder density of the cell increased to 1.11 V and $1.35W/cm^2$, respectively, at $750^{\circ}C$. When a GDC barrier layer was applied between the YSZ electrolyte and the LSCF cathode, the cell showed good stability, with almost no degradation up to 100 h. Anode-supported type SOFCs with high performance and good stability were fabricated using a coating process.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2016

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a promising coating process to produce ceramic oxide on valve metals such as Al, Mg and Ti. The PEO coating is carried out with a dilute alkaline electrolyte solution using a similar technique to conventional anodizing. The coating process involves multiple process parameters which can influence the surface properties of the resultant coating, including power mode, electrolyte solution, substrate, and process time. In this study, ceramic oxide coatings were prepared on commercial Al alloy in electrolytes with different KOH concentrations (0.5 ~ 4 g/L) by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Microstructural and electrochemical characterization were conducted to investigate the effects of electrolyte concentration on the microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of PEO coating. It was revealed that KOH concentration exert a great influence not only on voltage-time responses during PEO process but also on surface morphology of the coating. In the voltage-time response, the dielectric breakdown voltage tended to decrease with increasing KOH concentration, possibly due to difference in solution conductivity. The surface morphology was pancake-like with lower KOH concentration, while a mixed form of reticulate and pancake structures was observed for higher KOH concentration. The KOH concentration was found to have little effect on the electrochemical characteristics of coating, although PEO treatment improved the corrosion resistance of the substrate material significantly.