• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2008

Central venous catheterization via an internal jugular vein or subclavian vein has become a common procedure in monitoring CVP and managing severely ill patients. However, there have beennumerous reports of complications associated with central venous catheterization. These include vessel injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, nerve injury, arrhythmias, arteriovenous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and infection at the insertion site. We report a case of hemothorax after subclavian vein catheterization failure, along with successful treatment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1995

Pain is a complex symptom consisting of a sensation underlying potenial disease and associated emotional state. Acute pain is a reflex biological response to injury, in contrast, chronic pain consists of pain of a mininum of 6 months duration and associates with physical, emotional past experience, economic resources of the patient, family and society. Moreover, chronic pain is characterized by physiological affective and behavioral responses that are quite different than those of acute pain. The different type of stimuli exciting pain receptor are mechanical, thermal and chemical stimli and chronic pain are concerned with three of all stimli. The major three components of pain central(Analgesia) system in the brain and spinal cord are 'periaqueductal gray area of the mesencephalon', 'the raphe magnus nucleus' and 'pain inhibitory complex located in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord'. But unfortunately, the central biochemical mechanisms of chronic pain are not clearly defined. To proper management of chronic pain, comprehensive urderstanding as a psychosomatic aspect and multidisciplinary therapeuti-team approach must be emphasized.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2021

Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is commonly used in the operating room and intensive care unit to monitor central venous pressure and secure an intravenous route to deliver medications and nutritional support that cannot be safely infused into peripheral veins. However, CVC insertion may be associated with serious complications such as arterial puncture, hematoma, pneumothorax, hemothorax, catheter infections, and thrombosis. Several methods have been recommended to prevent these complications. Here we report a case of massive hemothorax caused by attempts of CVC insertion into the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein in a patient with multiple trauma. CVC placement should be performed or supervised by an experienced physician to decrease the incidence of CVC-related complications. CVC insertion under ultrasound guidance is recommended.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2014

Background: The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common cause of severe hand pain. In this study we treated acute pain in CTS patients by means of local intradermal injections of anti-inflammatory drugs (mesotherapy). Methods: In twenty-five patients (forty-five hands), CTS diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and neurophysiological examination prior to mesotherapy. A mixture containing lidocaine 10 mg, ketoprophen lysine-acetylsalycilate 80 mg, xantinol nicotinate 100 mg, cyanocobalamine 1,000 mcg plus injectable water was used. Sites of injection were three parallel lines above the transverse carpal ligament and two v-shaped lines, one at the base of the thenar eminence, and the other at the base of the hypothenar eminence. Results: The day after the treatment, all but four patients reported a significant reduction in pain and paresthesias. After 12 months, 17 patients had a complete pain relief, eight patients reported recurrence of pain and sensory symptoms and four out of them underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions: With the obvious limits of a small-size open-label study, our results suggest that mesotherapy can temporary relieve pain and paresthesias in most CTS patients and in some cases its effect seems to be long-lasting. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and to compare mesotherapy to conventional approaches for the treatment of CTS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2003

Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP patients who were treated with eletroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain form stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ to $4.4{\pm}2.0$ with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of ain scores, RS and MBI scores ere also improved from $2.88{\pm}0.95$ to $2.13{\pm}1.01$ and from $83.0{\pm}16.9$ to $94.7{\pm}9.5$(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2016

Thalamic pain is a primary cause of central post-stroke pain (CPSP). Clinical symptoms vary depending on the location of the infarction and frequently accompany several pain symptoms. Therefore, correct diagnosis and proper examination are not easy. We report a case of CPSP due to a left acute thalamic infarction with central disc protrusion at C5-6. A 45-year-old-male patient experiencing a tingling sensation in his right arm was referred to our pain clinic under the diagnosis of cervical disc herniation. This patient also complained of right cramp-like abdominal pain. After further evaluations, he was diagnosed with an acute thalamic infarction. Therefore detailed history taking should be performed and examiners should always be aware of other symptoms that could suggest a more dangerous disease.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.321-326
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• 2011

Neuropathic pain is caused by functional abnonnalities of structural lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system, and occurs without peripheral nociceptor stimulation. Trigeminal neuropathy always pose differential location difficulties as multiple diseases are capablc of producing them: they can be the result of traumatism, tumors, or diseases of the connective tissue, infectious or demyelinating diseases, or may be of idiopathic origin. There are a number of mechanisms described as causing neuropathy. They can be described as ectopic nerve activity, neuroma, ephatic trasmission, change of sodium channel expression, sympathetic activity, central sensitization, and alteration in central inhibition systems. More than I mechanism may be active to create individual clinical presentations. In order to provide better pain control, the mechanism-based approach in treating neuropathic pain should be familiar to physicians.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

The central pain in patient with spinal cord injury is a common and disabling sequela. The microsurgical DREZ(Dorsal Root Entry Zone)otomy is a surgical procedure effective in the treatment of intractable pain and spasticity in spinal cord injured patients. It consists of a microsurgical lesions performed in the ventrolateral region of the dorsal root entry zone at the selected levels. This report presents one case with incomplete paraplegia patient, who had chronic central neuropathic pain ineffective to many conservative treatments in bilateral T10 and right T11 segments and both lower extremities, is relieved from the pain after microsurgical DREZotomy. In conclusion, microsurgical DREZotomy is one method of effective treatments for spinal cord injured patients with intractable central neuropathic pain.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

■ Objectives The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on a patient with left side paresthesia induced by central post-stroke pain. ■ Methods A patient with left side paresthesia diagnosed with central post-stroke pain was treated with moxibustion, herbal medication, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture(EA). Then we evaluated the improvement by Mcgill pain score and Questionnaire of BiJeung. ■ Results Decrease of Mcgill pain score, Questionnaire of BiJeung were observed after the moxibustion treatment. ■ Conclusion This study proved the effect of moxibustion treatment on left side paresthesia due to central post-stroke pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

The aim of the study was to evaluate the anesthetic Effecs of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation to the oral mucosa and the teeth. Twenty subjects who didn't have a history of significant systemic or current oral disease were included in this study. All the subjects were divided randomly into the experimental group and the control group with 10 for each group. Pain thresholds were measured with Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Threshold Test for the mucosal surface of lower lip and with electric pulp test for the upper right central incisor respectively, before and immediately after pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation in the condition of 2 watt, 20pps for 2 minute at 10mm distance. The experiment was double-blinded clinical trial. The results were as follows : 1. The mean pain threshold of the mucosal surface of lower lip for Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Threshold Test was 2.94(1.00g for the contral group respectively, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. 2. The mean pain threshold of the mucosal surface of lower lip was significantly increased immediately after pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation. 3. The mean pain threshold of the upper right central incisor for eledtric pulp test was 34.50(4.97V in the experimental group and 34.00(13.08V in the control group respectively, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. 4. The mean pain threshold of the upper right central incisor was significantly increased immediately after pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation.