• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1976

There have been increasing reports of mycobacterioses in man and animals caused by "atypical" or "opportunist" mycobacteria. At the presnt, "opportunist mycobacterioses" are not generally responsive to antituberculosis drugs, and therefore, create considerable problems with regard to chemotherapy and control measures. In recent years studies have been made to isolate opportunist mycobacteria from soil, house-dusts and tap-water. It seemed quite interesting to define the extent of circumstantial presence of "opportunist" mycobacteria and nocardia in the soils of school-ground of primary schools and middle-high schools. This communication is the results of pilot study to isolate and identify "opportunist" mycobacteria and nocardia from 504 soil specimens of 72 schools in Seoul City. 1. Of a total of 59 isolates from 504 soil specimens tested, 32 strains were identified as opportunist mycobacteria and 27 strains as nocardia. 2. Isolation rates of opportunist mycobacteria by the areas(of specimen collection) were as follows: 36.4% in the southern area of Han-River, 33.3% in the central area, 22.7% in the outskirt area and 16.6% in the intermediate area. There observed no apparent difference in the isolation rates both-between the areas and between primary schools and middle-high schools. However, a significant difference was noted in the isolation rates between the places of soil sampling in a given school(P<0.05), i.e., the highest was the soil of refuge heaps(15.2%), and tap-water pole area(11.1%), the school-lavatory entrance(9.7%), the school gate entrance(5.5%), and iron-bar play ground(2.7%). The soil specimens from the center of school ground and from school building entrance yielded none of mycobacterial isolates. 3. Isolation rates of nocardia by the areas were as follows: 33.3% in the central area, 31.8% in the outskirt area, 27.3% in the southern ares of Han-River and 11.1% in the intermediate area. As in the case of mycobacteral isolates, there observed no apparent differences in the isolation rates both between the areas and between primary schools and middle-high schools, but a significant difference was noted between the places of soil sampling(P<0.05), i.e., the highest was the soil of school building entrance(15.2%), and of school gate entrance(6.9%), refuge heaps(5.5,%), iron-bar play ground(4.1%), the school-lavatory entrance(2.7%) and tap-water pole area(2.7%), respectively. The soil specimens from the center of, school ground yielded none of nocardia isolates. 4. Of the 32 strains of isolated mycobacteria. 15 strains were slow-growing mycobacteria and the remaining 17 strains belonged to the rapid growers. Of the 15 slow-growers. 4 strains were M. scrofulaceum-szulgai complex, 3 M. gordonae, 4 M. terrae-triviale complex, 2 M. avium-intracellulare-xenopi complex, and 2 unclassified schotochromogens. Of the 17 strains of rapid growers, 12 were M. diernhoferi, 2 M. fortuitum-peregrinum complex, 2 M. vaccae and one M. flavescens. 5. Of the 27 strains of nocardia isolated, 11 strains were N. transvalensis, 5 N. convoluta, 5 N. erythropolis, one N. vaccinii, one N. polychromogens-paraffinae complex and 4 untypable strains of orange-pigmented nocardia spp.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.55-68
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• 1994

It has been generally agreed that the city form especially in the preindustrial age resembled their own world view, either in the western or the eastern cultural sphere. So, we aimed to redefine the characteristics of oriental world views compared with the western one, in order to find the relative nature of the Korean townscapes. It is said that the both world views(of western and oriental) are composed of the contrastive binary concepts in common, but there seems to have been nearly contrary differences in these two world views. Wheareas the former was based on the passively segregational and oppositional dualism, the latter, on the dynamically harmonious and complementary dualism, called generally as 'Yin(陰) and Yang(陽)'. Thus, the oriental world view can be thought as the 'philosophy of the relationship', which aim to unify the dualism ultimately with the help of this relationship. So, we can assume a certain third and intermediate concept between these dual concepts of the world view, which can unify these two into the one holistic whole. And the focuses of the most traditional oriental philosophies were concentrated on this, so called, 'the third concept', namely Taoistic 'Tochu(道樞)', Buddhistic 'Kong(空)' or Confucian 'Chung(中)'. And this triple concept, including the third one, of the oriental world view revealed a more concrete form of the cosmological relationship, as the triple structure; 'Heaven(天), Earth(地), and Man(人)', in which the 'Man' is thought as the middle or the center of the world. In this manner, we could found this oriental 'triple world view' was revealed in the real topology of most places in the Korean traditional city and the whole townscape itself. So, in the scale of houses and the roads around them, we can construe the 'Maru(a central board-floored room)' and the 'Madang(a inner court)' as the 'third and intermediate space(中)' between the interior space(陰) and exterior space(陽) in the former, and between the private house(陰) and the public residential road(陽) in the former case, and between the dual parts(陰,陽) of the city representing the contrary social classes and the contrastive visual landscapes. So, we insist that this 'triple world view' represented in the townscape can be one of the most important characteristics of Korean traditional townscape. And this third intermediate spaces, which generate the active social contact and the harmonious relationship among the people, can be the most important cues, as the central places, in the interpretation of the Korean townscapes even in contemporary circumstance, which inherits its spatial and social frame more or less from the preceding one.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

2층 트레킹 방식을 적용한 PV 태양광 발전 유닛은 고정형에 비해 동일 면적의 패널로 140% 이상의 발전 출력을 얻을 수 있다는 것이 밝혀져 있다. 그러나 이 방식은 고정형 또는 1축 제어방식에 비해 트레킹 기구가 복잡하고 제어전력이 커서 소 출력 PV 유닛에 있어서는 상대적으로 불리하다. 본 논문에서는 소형 PV 발전유닛의 경제성을 개선하는 방법으로 복수개의 소 출력 PV 유닛을 묶어서 1개소의 중앙제어장치에서 간헐식으로 원격제어 함으로써 각 유닛의 트레킹 관련 기구를 간소화 시키는 동시에 제어전력을 경감 시킬 수 있음을 소개한다. 또한 대규모의 PV 발전 플랜트를 건설하기 어려운 환경에서 적합한 방식으로 활용할 수 있음을 소개한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.635-652
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• 2010

최근 도시와 농촌의 현실을 감안하여 서로 상생할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 산촌유학이 새롭게 부상하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 농촌의 인적 물적 자원을 이용한 일본의 산촌유학 사례를 통하여 도농교류실태에 대하여 살펴보고, 시사점을 도출하여 국내 적용 가능성을 알아보는 것이다. 일본의 산촌유학 교육프로그램에는 전체가족이 참여하는 프로그램이 활발하고, 지자체와 마을 그리고 지역학교와의 연계가 잘되어 있다. 현재 산촌유학 프로그램이 우리나라에도 소개되어 실행되는 곳이 있으나 성공하고 있는 사례는 소수에 불과하다. 산촌유학의 성공가능성을 높이기 위해서 는 산촌유학학교간의 네트워크를 구축할 필요가 있고, 귀농을 유도하는 기본적인 인프라 구축과 지원제도 확립에 힘써야 한다. 또한 농가에 대한 하드웨어적인 지원과 도농교류에 대한 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 정부 및 지자체의 역할로는 산촌유학제도의 법제화, 지자체 지원 조례 제정, 지역민에 대한 지속적인 교육 등을 들 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2020

Background: Garlic oil is a rich source of organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. There have been studies showing the neuroprotective actions of these organosulfur compounds. However, the potential of these organosulfur compounds in neuropathic pain has not been explored. The present study was aimed at investigating the pain attenuating potential of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The study also explored their pain-attenuating mechanisms through modulation of H₂S, brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Methods: The rats were subjected to CCI injury by ligating the sciatic nerve in four places. The development of neuropathic pain was measured by assessing mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall-Selittotest), mechanical allodynia (Von Frey test), and cold allodynia (acetone drop test) on 14th day after surgery. Results: Administration of diallyl disulfide (25 and 50 mg/kg) and diallyl trisulfide (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 14 days led to a significant reduction in pain in CCI-subjected rats. Moreover, treatment with these organosulfur compounds led to the restoration of H₂S, BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia. Co-administration of ANA-12 (BDNF blocker) abolished pain attenuating actions as well as BDNF and the Nrf2 restorative actions of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, without modulating H₂S levels. Conclusions: Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide have the potential to attenuate neuropathic pain in CCI-subjected rats possibly through activation of H₂S-BDNF-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 초 중 고 대학생을 대상으로 지역화 교육 답사 프로그램을 개발하고 운영하여 삶의 터전에 대한 올바른 이해를 도모하고 일상생활이 이루어지는 장소에 나타나는 지형들을 지리적 방식에서 바라 볼 수 있도록 안내하는데 있다. 이를 위해 금강 중류에서 합류하는 가장 큰 지류인 미호천 인근에 자연지리 학습장을 개발하고 초 중 고 대학생을 대상으로 총 4차례에 걸쳐 자연지리 답사를 진행하였다. 본 연구지역은 충청북도에서 가장 규모가 큰 충적평야 지대로 미호천 하도, 습지 및 하중도, 자연제방 등의 하천 지형 사례가 다양하게 분포하고, 특히 개발에 의한 변화 과정을 쉽게 확인할 수 있어 지형과 인간생활과의 관계를 올바르게 이해하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 자연지리 답사를 운영하는데 있어 답사 집단에 따른 성취 기준은 각각 다르게 적용하였지만, 일상생활이 이루어지는 장소의 자연적 기반인 지형에 의미를 부여하고, 지형과 삶의 관계를 이해하며 해석하려는 태도를 기르는 궁극적인 목적은 모든 집단에게 동일하게 적용하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2019

In this paper, shear behavior of non-persistent joint surrounded in concrete and gypsum layers has been investigated using experimental test and numerical simulation. Two types of mixture were prepared for this study. The first type consists of water and gypsum that were mixed with a ratio of water/gypsum of 0.6. The second type of mixture, water, sand and cement were mixed with a ratio of 27%, 33% and 40% by weight. Shear behavior of a non-persistent joint embedded in these specimens is studied. Physical models consisting of two edge concrete layers with dimensions of 160 mm by 130 mm by 60 mm and one internal gypsum layer with the dimension of 16 mm by 13 mm by 6 mm were made. Two horizontal edge joints were embedded in concrete beams and one angled joint was created in gypsum layer. Several analyses with joints with angles of $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ degree were conducted. The central fault places in 3 different positions. Along the edge joints, 1.5 cm vertically far from the edge joint face and 3 cm vertically far from the edge joint face. All samples were tested in compression using a universal loading machine and the shear load was induced because of the specimen geometry. Concurrent with the experiments, the extended finite element method (XFEM) was employed to analyze the fracture processes occurring in a non-persistent joint embedded in concrete and gypsum layers using Abaqus, a finite element software platform. The failure pattern of non-persistent cracks (faults) was found to be affected mostly by the central crack and its configuration and the shear strength was found to be related to the failure pattern. Comparison between experimental and corresponding numerical results showed a great agreement. XFEM was found as a capable tool for investigating the fracturing mechanism of rock specimens with non-persistent joint.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2022

최근 정부의 적극적인 지원정책과 함께 전기차 이용자들이 급증하고 있으며, 이로 인해 이용자 중심의 충전인프라 구축에도 많은 관심을 쏟아지고 있다. 다양한 정책의 수립과 함께 건물 특성에 기반한 총량적인 전기차 충전기 보급대수 기준은 마련되고 있으나, 장소별 특성에 기반한 완속과 급속충전기 적정 보급 비율에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전기차 이용자들을 대상으로 진행한 설문조사를 통해 수집한 장소 유형별 공용 완속충전기 보급 비율 자료를 바탕으로 적정 보급비율을 도출하고, 개인별로 충전 환경 요구가 어떻게 차별적으로 유형화되고 이들이 어떠한 특성과 연관되는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 10% 이하의 완속 충전기가 필요한 유형, 40-60% 수준의 완속충전기가 필요하여 완속과 급속충전기의 균등 분배가 필요한 유형, 완속이 80% 이상 필요한 유형 등 총 세 가지 장소 유형을 도출할 수 있었다. 또한 잠재계층 군집분석을 통해 개인별로 서로 다른 장소유형별 완속충전기 필요 수준을 분류한 결과 5개 군집으로 유형화할 수 있었으며, 이들은 사회경제적 변수, 차량의 특성, 통행 및 충전행태와 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 충전행태와 주말 통행행태 그리고 성별, 소득과의 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 향후 충전인프라 정책 수립 및 전기차 시장의 변화에 따른 충전인프라 보급 기준 마련에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1972

A large anorthositic mass outcropped as mushroom-like body extending up to 46km which occurs in the Hadong kaoline district of southern Korea. The anorthositic mass is in contact with the metamorphic, plutonic and sedimentary rocks. The metamorphic rocks are of granitic gneiss and banded gneiss, etc; the plutonic rocks are of gabbroic and dioritic rocks, schistose granite, syenite, diorite and granite. The sedimentary rocks include siltstone and pebbly sandstone of Lower Gyeongsang System, Cretaceous in age. The anorthositic mass shows a gradational contact with the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and is cut by the plutonic rocks except gabbroic and dioritic rocks. The anorthositic mass is leucocratic in the central portion of the mass, and, in turn, grades to rock phases in which ma/ic minerals are irregularly scattered, then to the well-lineated rock and finally to the banded gneiss. Lineation of the anorthositic mass is accordant with that of the surrounding banded gneiss, and the lineation continues toward the gneiss. In some places, the rock phases in which mafics are scattered is gradational with adjacent sedimentary rocks. The anorthositic mass in contact with gabbroic and dioritic rocks shows spotted features. Various replacement features seen under the microscope and paragenetic sequence of the mineral components in the anorthositic rocks cannot be considered as the origin of magmatic crystallization. From the field and microscopic observations, it is concluded that the anorthositic mass was formed from replacement of the metamorphic rocks and plutonic rocks by the anorthositic magma.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.43-61
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• 1992

Recently, people in urban areas ask for the creation of space for amenity and improvement of environmental problems, in such a condition the activation and reformation of city have become an important subject. The basic element of a city structure is the street. Therefore in this study, a transition of street spaces of a city was investigated. This study will be a basis for the planning of urban space in order to realize a comfortable and fascination urban life. In this paper, the study areas chosen were "Ginza", "Kyobashicho", "Nihonbashicho", "Honcho", "Tsukizi", "Hatchoboricho", "Ningyocho", "Ningyocho" which are the central places and business areas of capital Tokyo of Japan. The main streets were chosen for investigative subjects because they were planned as making a division of block in a city planning. Using maps and references the data was illustrated and the investigation was focused on the period from the Edo era to present time. (1) A periodical division for the basis of a street transition. (2) Consideration of methods in a plan and design for street spaces in each period. (3) A special feature and process of a street transition in each period. (4) A structure of a street and a construction form. (5) A classified structure of streets. (6) A process of a transition for each street.