• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.495-505
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• 2005

This study is to estimate source contribution by air pollutantion types (point, area, line) over Seoul metropolitan area. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) and the highly resolved anthropogenic and biogenic gridded emissions ($1km{\times}1km$) were applied to simulate $SO_2,\;NO_2,\;O_3\;and\;PM_{10}$ concentrations by seasons and contribution was estimated by their source types (point, area, line). The results showed that the simulated concentrations of secondary pollutant agreed well with observed values with an index of agreement (IOA) over 0.4, whereas IOAs over 0.3 were observed for most primary pollutants. The contributions of each source types by seasons were similar. The point source contribution was the highest for $SO_2$ at medium level ranged from $55.1\%\;to\;61.5\%$. But the contribution from area source during for the spring and summer increased as the concentration level increased. The line source contribution was the highest for $NO_2$ at all levels ranged from $68.3\%\;to\;93.1\%$. The results indicate that $SO_2$ emissions should be mainly controlled from point source, as well as area source at higher level concentration. Also, $NO_2\;and\;PM_{10}$ to from line source should be controlled.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 2010

This study was to explore the cognition of mothers and directors about the quality of childcare centers and analyze the differences of cognition of two groups. The subjects were 166 mothers and 178 directors in Gwanak-gu, Seocho-gu, Dongjak-gu in Seoul and Suweon-city, Anyang-city in Gyeonggi-do. The instrument of this study was the questionnaire on the quality of childcare center developed by researcher. The collected data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS 12.0 program. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, mothers evaluated that process area was the most important area, followed by service and structure area. Second, directors evaluated that process area was the most important area, followed by structure and service area. Third, directors evaluated overall quality of childcare center higher than mothers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

This study investigated the characteristics of architectural planning in the youth training centers, which were introduced to the magazines from 2000 to 2010. The result are as followings. Firstly, the youth training centers were located mainly in general residential area, that the youth could be easily accessible. And, it were located mainly in green natural area, which is adjacent to the mountain or park. The site area of the youth training center was analyzed to approximately $10,000m^2$ below. Secondly, the placement and the form of the youth training center is divided two types, which are a single and two buildings type. A single building case is found the type of 'ㄴ' and 'ㄷ' shape, and two buildings case is found the type of 'ㄴ + ㅡ', 'opened ㅁ', 'ㅡ + ㅡ' shape. It is found mostly the type of 'ㄷ' shape. Thirdly, the youth training center is planned mostly with fifth stories above ground and three underground levels. And, sometimes it is planned a mixed-use buildings with a sports center, community center and senior welfare center. Lastly, the space of youth training center is zoned horizontally for each mass of building, which is planned the educational, cultural and sports facilities. And, it is zoned vertically some of the sports facilities and administrative support facilities in the underground, and a educational and cultural facilities on the ground.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2013

In this Study, effect of core position, area ratio and orientation of building on energy load is examined using TRNSYS17. This parameters are major parameters of the conceptual design stage. Reference model is square floor plan($1,444m^2$), centered core and 29% core area ratio. As the results, without considering the building orientation, the annual heating load of central building with 1:1 area ratio is lowest ($10.33kWh/m^2yr$) and the annual cooling load of off-central building with 1:1 area ratio is lowest ($59.27kWh/m^2yr$). As area ratio is bigger, cooling load is lower and heating load is higher. But if we consider building orientation, orders of heating load and cooling load are changed for area ratio and orientation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.156-164
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• 2015

Nursing Homes do not have a defined standard in the space area nor does it have a detailed standard facility requirement by law. This can possibly lead to the deterioration of the facility and the system. This directly affects the medical treatment space area within the nursing home. The medical treatment area provides medical treatment to seniors and this is where the seniors get most of their daily services. Therefore, this is research is about the study of the space area of the medical center and the ratio trend of the space area for the medical treatment facility located in senior nursing homes. Ten facilities have been selected in this study to analyze the correlation factors between space area and its trends. The analysis performed includes the conditions relating to the area and what affects the center. We have followed up with a proposal for improvement of the facility and area configuration for the medical treatment facility. Based on the analysis, the following conclusion can be made: First, the senior welfare centers are mostly used as a residence purpose followed a temporary stay of residence facility for the seniors. Second, research indicates that the bigger the facility, nursing and public functions took a larger portion of the space area compared to other services within the senior welfare centers. Third, the study shows the management space area took up about 1%~6% of the entire medical center within the nursing home which is a narrow space area because of the integrated management. Fourth, analysis based on the trend in the time-series indicate after the adoption of the system, there is a continued decline in the space area of nursing, management and public areas. Lastly, since before and after 2008, the space area composition of the nursing facility shows a continuous decline in our study. We can safely conclude that the revised senior welfare act's construction plan has an effect in the facility and is effectively working to meet its requirement. Therefore, the revision of the law is required to reflect the social needs of the residents.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5218-5233
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• 2018

The coexisting wireless body area networks (WBAN) is a very challenging issue because of strong inter-networks interference, which seriously affects energy consumption and spectrum utilization ratio. In this paper, we study a power control strategy with nearest neighbor nodes distribution for coexisting WBAN based on stochastic geometry. Using homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPP) model, the relationship between the transmission power and the networks distribution is analytically derived to reduce interference to other devices. The goal of this paper is to increase the transmission success probability and throughput through power control strategy. In addition, we evaluate the area spectral efficiency simultaneously active WBAN in the same channel. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the power control algorithm.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

The women's roles In 21s1 century in Korea is increasing as the industry, economy is growing and changing rapidly; thus raising the necessity and importance of early learning. Naturally the importance and needs of children's day-care center is increasing both in quantitative and quality matters, there needs for much improvements. This study selected 8 workshop day-care centers in Seoul area, where most day-care centers are located, and analyzed interior spaces; thus presenting the appropriate model of interior space in child day-care center. Starting with, examining theologically, this study focused on the history of child day-care center and the 8 selected day-care centers in Seoul. By analyzing the operation status, blue prints, and picture, this study focused on improving the interior spaces in day-care centers. The presented improvement in spaces are the fellowing, First, half of day-care centers in workshops had independent buildings and most were multi-storey building. Second, running status vary. The open hours and number of teachers were fine but the budgets ratio of the employer and the worker ratio needed improvements. Third, there is need for detailed more improvement In managing area, educational area, and service area. It recommendable for spaces of day-care centers in workshops to be a single-storey building with managing and service space placed In center with educational rooms on each sides, with single hall way.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2019

Purpose: Purpose: The National Safety Experience Center Establishment and Reinforcement Project Management Guidelines, established to build a national safety experience center that is central to practicing education on disasters and safety accidents, requires that appropriate experience training programs be in place. However, due to the lack of classification grounds for the six areas of disaster•safety accidents presented by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and the mortality statistics necessary for establishing sectors have accumulated for over a decade, they are based on this. Our purpose is to standardize classification of sectors belonging to each area. Methods: We will divide disaster•safety accidents into 6 areas by three steps, and the grounds for 6 areas of accidents are presented. The 15 external causes other than the disease since 2009 has been proposed by The National Statistical Office. Therefore on the basis of these causes, various sectors belonging to each area are classified. Results: We will divide all disaster•safety accidents into six areas through three logical separation stages, and the areas were systematically classified based on the 15 factors of death. In conclusion, we present the grounds for the classification criteria in the six areas, the transportation accident disaster area in three areas, the social infrastructure system area in four areas, the crime accident disaster area in four areas, the life safety accident area in four areas, we set up all disaster•safety accidents in six areas and finally standardize total 25 areas.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the perceptions of the rural healthcare service improvement project' performance and reorganization of public health centers between project staffs and local residents. Methods: Data collection from this study was performed in 141 project areas using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was used in SPSS 22.0 version. Results: The public health center staffs were more positive about the items for improving health facilities than the local residents. Residents in the Si area generally perceived performance as more positive than residents in the Gun area, while public health center staffs in the Gun area perceived performance as more positive than public health center staffs in the Si area. Local residents expressed negative opinions about the reduction in the number of branches of public health clinics and health medical clinics. Conclusions: In conclusion, careful improvement projects for rural health care and the establishment of health care systems will be necessary, reflecting the opinions of local residents, along with a variety of regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

This study conducted an analysis of the distribution and status of baby boomer households and trends of turn to farming and returning home. At the same time, the density analysis of land price increase data, building data, and floating population data was conducted in Jeollanam-do County. The established base areas were superimposed to distinguish the regional centers according to the number of superimposed indicators. It is intended to present management measures according to the degree of activation of the center. An area where three bases overlap can be designated as a center activation area, and a place where two regions overlap can be designated as a center semi-activation area. Using the analysis of regional centers at the county level, hierarchies of the centers were classified and management measures were presented. Based on these findings, this study addresses meaningful applicability for regional and medium- and long-term plans.