• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2317-2325
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• 2014

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter superfamily and mediates transmembrane efflux of many drugs. Since it is involved in multi-drug resistance activity in various cancer cells, the development of P-gp inhibitor is one of the major concerns in anticancer therapy. Human P-gp protein has at least two "functional" drug binding sites that are called "H" site and "R" site, hence it has multi-binding-specificities. Though the amino acid residues that constitute in drug binding pockets have been proposed by previous experimental evidences, the shapes and the binding poses are not revealed clearly yet. In this study, human P-gp structure was built by homology modeling with available crystal structure of mouse P-gp as a template and docking simulations were performed with inhibitors such as verapamil, hoechst33342, and rhodamine123 to construct the interaction between human P-gp and its inhibitors. The docking simulations were performed 500 times for each inhibitor, and then the interaction frequency of the amino acids at the binding poses was analyzed. With the analysis results, we proposed highly contributing residues that constitute binding pockets of the human P-gp for the inhibitors. Using the highly contributing residues, we proposed the locations and the shapes of verapamil binding site and "R" site, and suggested the possible position of "H" site.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

Seismic isolation has been considered and utilized in various industries as a way to prevent huge damage on to structures by large earthquakes in various industries. The laminated Laminated rubber bearings is are most frequently used in seismic isolation systems. The structural Structural safety could not be assured unless the performance of the rubber bearing is not guaranteed for the life time of the structure under the consideration that the bearing is a critical structural member to sustain vertical loads in the seismically isolated structure. However, there are few studies on the deterioration problems of rubber bearings during their service life. The long term performance of the rubber bearings was not considered in past designs of seismically isolated structures. This study evaluates the long term performance and creep characteristics of laminated natural rubber bearings that are used in seismically isolated buildings. For the this study, a set of accelerated thermal aging tests and creep tests are were performed on real specimens. The experimental results show that the natural rubber bearings would have a stable change rate of change for durability under severe environmental conditions for a long time.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2016

Brassica oleraceae var capitata is a member of the Brassicaceae family and is widely used as an horticultural crop. In the present study, transcriptome analysis of B. oleraceae L. var capitata was done for the first time using eight-week old seedlings treated with $50{\mu}m$ MeJA, versus mock-treated samples. The complete transcripts for both samples were obtained using the GS-FLX sequencer. Overall, we obtained 275,570 and 266,457 reads from seedlings treated with or without $50{\mu}m$ MeJA, respectively. All the obtained reads were annotated using biological databases and functionally classified using gene ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG). By using GO analyses, putative transcripts were examined in terms of biotic and abiotic stresses, cellular component organization, biogenesis, and secondary metabolic processes. The KEGG pathways for most of the transcripts were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite synthesis. In order to double the sequenced data, we randomly chose two putative genes involved in terpene biosynthetic pathways and studied their transcript patterns under MeJA treatment. This study will provide us a platform to further characterize the genes in B. oleracea var capitata.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2010

We have investigated the spatial configuration of stars within the tidal radius of metal poor globular cluster NGC 6626 in the bulge direction. Data were obtained in near-IR J,H,Ks bands with wide-field ($20'\times20'$) detector, WIRCam at CFHT. To trace the stellar density around target cluster, we sorted cluster's member stars by using a mask filtering algorithm and weighting the stars on the color-magnitude diagram. From the weighted surface density map, we found that the stellar spatial distributions within the tidal radius appear asymmetric and distorted features. Especially, we found that more prominent over-density features are extending toward the direction of Galactic plane rather than toward the directions of the Galactic center and its orbital motion. This orientation of the stellar density distribution can be interpreted with result of disk-shock effect of the Galaxy that the cluster had been experienced. Indeed, this over-density feature are well represented in the radial surface density profile for different angular sections. As one of the metal poor globular clusters with extended horizontal branch (EHB) in the bulge direction, NGC 6626 is kinematically decoupled from the normal clusters and known to have disk motion of peculiar motion. Thus, our result will be able to add further constraints to understand the origin of this cluster and the formation of bulge region in early universe.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.91-103
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the association between sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and channels retrieved for health information. Methods: Questionnaire survey was performed from April 2007 to May 2007 through household visiting. Sample was selected according to gender, household income, and residence district. We got 1,009 respondents and subgroups were as follows; 508 people had health insurance, 250 people were medical indigent group, and 251 people were medicaid beneficiaries. Results: People seemed to be separated into subgroups by channels used for health information. One was active and the other was passive group. Characteristics of passive group were older age, worker or inoccupation, less income, subjective poverty, lower education, loss of spouse, medical indigent or medicaid group. They usually got health information through mass media like TV and radio or medical professionals. Characteristics of active group were younger age, professional, more income, subjective affluence, higher education, single or married, and member of health insurance. They mainly got health information through printed media like newspaper or the Internet. Conclusion: We suggest to provide health information through various channels customed to individual needs and literacy. Public health stakeholders seems better to focus on people with low education, insufficient health literacy, poor health status, and short information technology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8941-8946
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• 2014

Background: This study conducted to determine breast cancer awareness and influencing factors among nursing students in the West Black Sea Region in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April-May, 2014. The sample was 270 female nursing students. Data were collected by Personal Information Form and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Results: The students' mean age was $21.6{\pm}2.09$ and 81.1% had knowledge about breast cancer from their academic education. It is found that 63.7% of the students performed Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and 11.1% had a family member diagnosed with breast cancer. The CHBMS mean score of the students was $117.7{\pm}14.5$. Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness of nursing students is on a good level and was affected by family history of breast cancer and health beliefs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.175-177
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among the population as a whole and among females, yet it is highly curable if diagnosed at an early stage. Different methods are used to diagnose breast cancer. One of these methods features immunological tests using flow cytometry to determine T-lymphocyte (CD4/CD8) ratios in peripheral blood. One hundred patients with breast cancer (50 from Basra, Iraq, and 50 from Baku, Azerbaijan) confirmed to have breast cancer by histopathology were studied. Blood samples were collected from all patients before initiation of treatment and were used for analysis. The mean age of women from Basra was $51.2{\pm}10.7years$ and that of women from Baku was slightly higher at $54.8{\pm}12.2$. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio in Basra was 1.4 and in Baku was 1.8 with P value < 0.05. The percentage of Basra patients who have CD4/CD8 value less than 1 was 50%, while the percentage for Baku patients was 24 % (p < 0.05). While the CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio might be useful for early diagnosis in patients with breast cancer parallel with other confirmed tests factors involved in explaining variation between countries such as that observed here need to be taken into account.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 1995

This study was done to identify burnout factors and coping methods surveyed upon 59 out-patients who have continuous peritoneal dialysis. Raw data was collected after being filled the questionnaire by subjects or directly interviewing at the peritoneal dialysis room of the K hospital. Taegu. Then. data was classified and analyzed according to categories of questions and revealed facts. The following results are obtained: The average age of subjects is 43.8 years old and the average duration of continuous peritoneal dialysis is 16.9 months. The reasons of choosing continuous peritoneal dialysis are 61. 0% by recommendation of doctor and nurse ranked as the first, 32. 2% by patient own decision ranked as the second. The 57.6% of subjects were experienced complications related to continuous peritoneal dialysis. The major psychosocial burnout factors because of the dialysis are confinement, wasting time, change in responsibility and role as a member of family, worriment for infection, interference in job: and the major physiological burnout factors are fatigue and weakness. Among the main coping methods, the problem-oriented coping methods are "accept the given situation itself, "actively try to change the situation", "try to maintain some controls over the situation", and the affective-oriented coping method are "give up and accept as fate", "pray", "ask comfort or help from family and friends", "sleep", "cry". Conclusively, it can be said that effective nursing intervention is needed to prevent continuous peritoneal dialysis burnout.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2018

In spite of a short history of only 30 years in space development, Korea has achieved outstanding space development capabilities, and became the $11^{th}$ member of the "Space Club" in 2013 by launching its own satellites with its own launch vehicle from a local space center. With the successful development and operation of more than 10 earth-orbiting satellites since 1999, Korea is now rapidly expanding its own aspirations to outer space exploration. Unlike earth-orbiting missions, planetary missions are more demanding of well-rounded technological capabilities, specifically trajectory design, analysis, and navigation. Because of the importance of relevant technologies, the Korean astronautical society devoted significant efforts to secure these basic technologies from the early 2000s. This paper revisits the numerous efforts conducted to date, specifically regarding flight dynamics and navigation technology, to prepare for future upcoming planetary missions in Korea. However, sustained efforts are still required to realize such challenging planetary missions, and efforts to date will significantly advance the relevant Korean technological capabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.