• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2024

Environmental awareness is rising worldwide. however, cement manufacturing facilities use recycled resources to improve raw material and fuel substitution rates, contributing to environmental issues such as waste disposal. The emission of sulfur oxides (SOx), an air pollutant, has been regulated by limestone as raw material in cement manufacturing. However, the impact of increasing use of recycled resources on future facility processes and environmental changes is unclear. Therefore, the cement manufacturing facilities require desulfurization-related technologies and research. In this study, we investigated the applicability of desulfurization technology to cement manufacturing facilities and demonstrated various approaches to applying this technology using byproducts generated in cement manufacturing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2020

Recently, the cement industry has been using various wastes as raw materials and fuel for cement as an eco-friendly business. However, most of these waste resources contain large amounts of chloride and alkali, which are concentrated in manufacturing facilities and adversely affect cement production products. Accordingly, in the cement production process, the chlorine ion contained in cement is managed by introducing the Chlorine Bypass System (CBS) into the manufacturing facility and releasing the dust. However, the processing volume of CBS-Dust has been limited due to the shortage of domestic processing companies, and the cost has also been raised, requiring measures to be taken in dealing with CBS-Dust. In this study, rheological properties of CBS-Dust incorporated paste are tested. With the increase of CBS-Dust, flow was decreased due to enhanced viscosity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

REMICON(Ready Mixed Concrete), the most essential material of construction work, is produced from facility called "Batcher plant." In order to produce Remicon, Batcher Plant needs to be supplied with basic raw material such as ballast, sand, cement, admixture and water. In remicon industry, overland transport vehicles are used during the whole manufacturing process from producing to infilling at the construction site. Thus, the transportation cost sums up be to 20 percent of whole manufacturing cost and transport capacity and distance travelled have direct and major effect on manufacturing costs. This paper suggests a method to find optimal location of batcher plant using modified Steiner point, suggesting the most effective and flexible connection through among construction site, aggregate, cement and remicon producing plant. This paper also proposes reducing of transport cost at maximum 60% by calculation through optimized plant location. The modified Steiner point theory proposed in this paper also can be applied to optimal location of a $2^{ry}$ substation or MCC panel for minimizing of power loss, voltage drop, line distance and etc.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between cement quality(chemical composition, mineral composition, and compressive strength) and amount of waste alternative fuels used in the cement manufacturing process and was investigated. Cement manufacturing facility using coal, soft plastics(plastics that are easily scattered by wind power, such as vinyls), hard plastics(plastics that do not contain foreign substances, waste rubber, PP, etc.) and reclaimed oil was analised. Data was collected for 3 years from 2017 to 2019 and let the amount of fuels used as an independent variable and cement quality data as a dependent variable. As a result, depending on the type and quality of the alternative fuel has not a significant effect on the chemical composition(Cl and LSF) and mineral composition(f-CaO, C3S contents). Contrary to the concern that the compressive strength of cement would decrease, there was a significant positive correlation between amount of alternative fuel used and cement compressive strength.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.195-209
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• 2012

There are four differentiated levels to quantify the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from a facility, which are Tier 1 to 4 based on the IPCC guidelines. In this study, the emission estimates from all tier levels were calculated to compare their total $CO_2$ emission results among themselves for seven facilities, including three sectors of electricity generation, municipal solid waste incineration, and cement manufacturing for three months between February and May 2011. Generally the measured $CO_2$ emissions by Tier 4 were higher than the calculated $CO_2$ emissions by Tier 3, which had been also observed for the power plants in the USA. It was found out that to obtain more reliable estimation for Tier 3, accurate analysis of the composition of the fuel used should be carried out. It was suggested that further refinement on the administrative guidelines be made to make it more robust.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.501-512
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• 2016

The study evaluated methods to measure condensable fine particles in flue gases and measured particulate matter by fuel and material to get precise concentrations and quantities. As a result of the method evaluation, it is required to improve test methods for measuring Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) emitted after the conventional Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM) measurement process. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) based on the evaluated analysis process showed that RSD percentages of FPM and CPM were around 27.0~139.5%. As errors in the process of CPM measurement and analysis can be caused while separating and dehydrating organic and inorganic materials from condensed liquid samples, transporting samples, and titrating ammonium hydroxide in the sample, it is required to comply with the exact test procedures. As for characteristics of FPM and CPM concentrations, CPM had about 1.6~63 times higher concentrations than FPM, and CPM caused huge increase in PM mass concentrations. Also, emission concentrations and quantities varied according to the characteristics of each fuel, the size of emitting facilities, operational conditions of emitters, etc. PM in the flue gases mostly consisted of CPM (61~99%), and the result of organic/inorganic component analysis revealed that organic dusts accounted for 30~88%. High-efficiency prevention facilities also had high concentrations of CPM due to large amounts of $NO_x$, and the more fuels, the more inorganic dusts. As a result of comparison between emission coefficients by fuel and the EPA AP-42, FPM had lower result values compared to that in the US materials, and CPM had higher values than FPM. For the emission coefficients of the total PM (FPM+CPM) by industry, that of thermal power stations (bituminous coal) was 71.64 g/ton, and cement manufacturing facility (blended fuels) 18.90 g/ton. In order to estimate emission quantities and coefficients proper to the circumstances of air pollutant-emitting facilities in Korea, measurement data need to be calculated in stages by facility condition according to the CPM measurement method in the study. About 80% of PM in flue gases are CPM, and a half of which are organic dusts that are mostly unknown yet. For effective management and control of PM in flue gases, it is necessary to identify the current conditions through quantitative and qualitative analysis of harmful organic substances, and have more interest in and conduct studies on unknown materials' measurements and behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2017

The aim of the research is providing the application method of recycled materials to manufacture the low costed eco-friend block at currently operated concrete block plant. In this research, based on the previous research results on three types of slag cement with illite, desulfurized gypsum, and wasted refractory products, the actual block product was manufactured by the currently operated plant facility and evaluated their properties to suggest the optimal proportions. As an experimental results, in aspect of compressive strength, absorption ratio, freezing resistance, and pH, type III slag incorporating 5% desulfurized gypsum with 1% replaced illite as an aggregate could be suggested as am optimal proportion. In additionally, considering the high cost of the illite, it can be considered as an optimal proportion that type III slag incorporating 5% desulfurized gypsum for binder.