• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2014

부산 송정 연안에서 분해중인 해조류를 채집하여 cellulose 분해 미생물을 분리 동정하고 미생물의 생육조건 및 미생물이 생성한 조효소의 cellulose 분해 특성을 확인하였다. Grateloupia elliptica로부터 분리한 cellulose 분해균을 동정한 결과, Cellulophaga lytica strain로 확인되었으며, Cellulophaga lytica PKA 1005 명명하였다. C. lytica PKA 1005의 최적생육 조건을 확인한 결과, pH 7, 2% NaCl, $30^{\circ}C$ 및 배양 36시간에서 최적생육활성을 확인하였다. 또한 C. lytica PKA 1005가 생성하는 cellulose 분해 조효소는 pH 8, $35^{\circ}C$, 8% CMC 및 반응 60시간에서 최적분해활성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

Cellulolytic bacterial strains have been isolated from the faeces of wild (blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra; nilgai, Baselophus tragocamelus chinkara, Gazella gazella spotted deer, Axis axis and hog deer, Cervus porcinus) and rumen liquor of domestic (sheep, Ovis aries) ruminants. Five best cellulose degrading bacterial isolates (Ruminococcus sp.) were used as microbial feed additive along with buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum to study their effect on digestibility of feed and enzyme production in in vitro conditions. The bacterial isolate from chinkara (CHI-2) showed the highest per cent apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility ($35.40{\pm}0.60$), true dry matter digestibility ($40.80{\pm}0.69$) and NDF ($26.38{\pm}0.83$) digestibility (p<0.05) compared to control ($32.73{\pm}0.56$, $36.64{\pm}0.71$ and $21.16{\pm}0.89$, respectively) and other isolates at 24 h of incubation with lignocellulosic feeds (wheat straw and wheat bran, 80:20). The same isolate also exhibited the highest activities of fibre degrading enzymes like carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase and acetyl esterase. The bacterial isolate from chinkara (Gazella gazella) appears to have a potential to be used as feed additive in the diet of ruminants for improving utilization of nutrients from lignocellulosic feeds.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1996

The cell wall components of fruit include cellulose. hemicellulose, pectin, glycoprotein etc., and the cell wall composition differs according to the kind of fruit. Fruit softening occurs as a result of a change in the cell wall polysaccharides : the middle lamella which links primary cell walls is composed of pectin. and primary cell walls are decomposed by a solution of middle lamella caused due to a result of pectin degradation by pectin degrading enzymes during ripening and softening, During fruit ripening and softening, contents of arabinose and galactose among non-cellulosic neutral sugars are notably decreased, and this occurs as a result of the degradation of pectin during fruit repening and softening since they are side-chained with pectin in the form of arabinogalactan and galactan Enzymes involved in the degradation of the cell wall include polygalacturonase, cellulose, pectinmethylesterase, glycosidase, etc., and various studies have been done on the change in enzyme activities during the ripening and softning of fruit. Among cell wall-degrading enzymes, polygalacturonase has the greatest effect on fruit softening, and its activity Increases during the maturating and softening of fruit. This softening leads to the textural change of fruit as a result of the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by a cell wall degrading enzyme which exists in fruit.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1255-1265
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• 2019

To investigate the diversity of gastrointestinal microflora and lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in wild Asian elephants, three of these animals living in the same group were selected for study from the Wild Elephant Valley in the Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province, China. Fresh fecal samples from the three wild Asian elephants were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing to study the diversity of their gastrointestinal microbes and cellulolytic enzymes. There were a high abundance of Firmicutes and a higher abundance of hemicellulose-degrading hydrolases than cellulose-degrading hydrolases in the wild Asian elephants. Furthermore, there were a high abundance and a rich diversity of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) obtained from the gene set annotation of the three samples, with the majority of them showing low identity with the CAZy database entry. About half of the CAZymes had no species source at the phylum or genus level. These indicated that the wild Asian elephants might possess greater ability to digest hemicellulose than cellulose to provide energy, and moreover, the gastrointestinal tracts of these pachyderms might be a potential source of novel efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of these enzyme resources could help us to alleviate the current energy crisis and ensure food security.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1986

Ganoderma lucidum의 개체배양물(個體培養物)로 부터 얻은 cellulase를 ammonium sulfate fractionation으로 조정제(組精製)한 후(後) 이 효소(酵素)의 기본적(基本的)인 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 이 효소(酵素)의 최적작용(最摘作用) pH와 온도(溫度)는 각각 pH $4.0{\sim}7.0$사이와 $50^{\circ}C$ 이하(以下)의 온도(溫度)에서는 비교적(比較的) 안정(安定)하였다. CMC-2Na분해(分解)에 대한 activation energy는 6.2 Kcal/mole이었다. $Mg^{++},\;Co^{++}$에 의해서 효소활성(酵素活性)이 증가(增加)되었으나 $Hg^{++}$에 의해서는 저해(沮害)되었다. 한편 본(本) 효소활성(酵素活性)은 SDS에 의해서 약 27%저해(沮害)된 것을 제외(除外)하고는 여러가지 chemical reagents에 의해서는 아무런 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다. 본(本) 효소(酵素)의 CMC-2Na에 대한 Km치(値)는 2.4 mg/ml였으며 CMC-2Na 이외(以外)에 천연(天然) cellulose에도 작용(作用)을 하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1992

A moderately thermophilic, alkalophlic and powerful crystalline cellulose-digesting bacterium, Bacillus K-12, was isolated from filter paper wastes and found to be similar to Bacillus circulans or Bacillus pumilis, except for its ability to grow at a moderately high pH and temperature. The isolate grew at a pH ranging from 6 to 10 and at a temperature ranging from 35 to $65^{\circ}C$ and produced a large amount of cellulase components containing avicelase, xylanase, CMCase, and FPase when grown in avicel medium for 5 to 7 days at $50^{\circ}C$. The crude enzyme preparation from the culture broth hydrolyzed xylan, raw starch, pullulan and ${\beta}-1,3$ glucan such as laminarin. Furthermore, the enzyme hydrolyzed crystalline cellulose to cellobiose and glucose and had a broad pH activity curve (pH 6~9). The enzyme was stable up to $70^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2015

Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2022

Cellulases are a group of biocatalyst enzymes that are capable of degrading cellulosic biomass present in the natural environment and produced by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, etc. In the current study, we isolated, screened and characterized cellulase-producing bacteria from soil. Three cellulose-degrading species were isolated based on clear zone using Congo red stain on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates. These bacterial isolates, named as HB2, HS5 and HS9, were subsequently characterized by morphological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, the bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus cerus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stratosphericus. Moreover, for maximum cellulase production, different growth parameters were optimized. Maximum optical density for growth was also noted at pH 7.0 for 48 h for all three isolates. Optical density was high for all three isolates using meat extract as a nitrogen source for 48 h. The pH profile of all three strains was quite similar but the maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.0. Maximum cellulase production by all three bacterial isolates was noted when using lactose as a carbon rather than nitrogen and peptone. Further studies are needed for identification of new isolates in this region having maximum cellulolytic activity. Our findings indicate that this enzyme has various potential industrial applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2007

Two endoglucanases with processive cellulase activities, produced from Fomitopsis palustris grown on 2% microcrystalline cellulose(Avicel), were purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography systems. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular masses of the purified enzymes were 47 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively. The amino acid sequence analysis of the 47-kDa protein(EG47) showed a sequence similarity with fungal glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the 35-kDa protein(EG35), however, had no homology with any other glycosylhydrolases, although the enzyme had high specific activity against carboxymethyl cellulose, which is a typical substrate for endoglucanases. The initial rate of Avicel hydrolysis by EG35 was relatively fast for 48 h, and the amount of soluble reducing sugar released after 96 h was $100{\mu}g/ml$. Although EG47 also hydrolyzed Avicel, the hydrolysis rate was lower than that of EG35. Thin layer chromatography analysis of the hydrolysis products released from Avicel indicated that the main product was cellobiose, suggesting that the brown-rot fungus possesses processive EGs capable of degrading crystalline cellulose.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 1997

Cellulose를 효과적으로 분해하는 효소를 생산하는 미생물인 strain No. 33 균주를 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 본 균주의 배양상등액을 2.0%의 CMC가 함유된 agar 평판배지에 paper disc법을 이용하여 loading 후 cellulose 분해활성을 검토하였을 때, disc 주위로 노란색의 환이 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 균주를 동정하기 위하여 전자현미경으로 그 형태를 관찰한 결과 본 균주는 간균의 형태였으며, 생리학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Bacillus속으로 동정되었다. 이에 본 균주를 Bacillus sp. No. 33으로 명명하였다. 본 균주는 1.0% glucose, 3.0% yeast extract, 0.5% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.02% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$가 함유된 pH 7.0의 배지에서 $30^{\circ}C$로 39시간 동안 진탕배양하였을 때 최대 균체생육을 나타내었다. 효소생산은 4.0% CMC, 2.0% yeast extract, 0.5% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.04% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, pH 7.0의 조건에서 $30^{\circ}C$, 42시간 동안 진탕배양하였을 때 최대 효소생산을 나타내었다.