• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.312-318
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• 1989

Microcapsule of Propranolol HCl with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) by coacervation-phase separation method was studied. Encapsulation was carried out in the CAP-liquid paraffin-acetone ethanol solvent system. The optimum weight ratio for microencapsulation in the CAP-liquid paraffin-solvent system was 1.32:89.18:9.50 or 1.65:89.42:8.93. The wall thickness of microcapsules increased according to increasing of CAP concentration, but dissolution rate decreased. The dissolution of propranolol-HCl in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid test solution was completed within 3 min., but T50% of propranolol HCl from 10.0% CAP-microcapsules were 390 min. and 210 min. respectively. The released amount from 12.5% CAP-microcapsules was 41.8% within 720 min. in simulatd gastric fluid test solution and T50% of those in simulated intestinal fluid test solution was 250 min.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1991

Microencapsulation of sodium ascorbate with cellulose acetate phthalate(CAP) by coacervation/ phase separation method were carried out. Various factors affecting microencapsulation, i.e., surfactant concentration. CAP concentration, stirring speed and treatment of spermaceti as a sealing agent were studied. Dissolution rate. particle size distribution, surface feature and stability test were investigated. CAP microcapsules prepared using 0.5% span 80 as a surfactant showed smooth and round surfaces. The release of sodium ascorbate was retarded by microencapsulation with CAP and by sealant treatment with spermaceti. When triturated with sodium bicarbonate, CAP microcapsules were more stable than unencapsulated sodium ascorbate under various RH conditions at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.386-389
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• 1996

The in vivo behaviour of phenylephrine hydrochloride in different vehicles like gels of Carbopol $907^circledR$, Carbopol $934P^circledR$ and latex system of cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate(CAHP) was evaluated by measuring the reduction in intraocular pressure and the mydriatic activity. The parameters that haave been utilised to assess the performance of the formulations were the area under the curve (AUC), the maximum mydriasis $(I_{max})$, ethe time of maximum response $(T_{max})$ and the duration of activity (D). The influence of viscosity and mucoadhesion on the bioavailability parameters has also been investigated. Carbopol 934P and CAHP formulations showed prolonged duration of action and greater AUC compared to Carbopol 907 aqueous solution(P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess characterize overseas company's Cellulose acetate glasses frame sheets (overseas company's CA sheet) Also, the optimum content of plasticizer and melt extrusion condition of industrial CA resin were established for appropriate glasses frame. Methods: Overseas company's Cellulose acetate glasses frame sheets (overseas company's CA sheet) were characterized by $^1H$-NMR, GPC, and TGA. Also, the optimum content of plasticizer and melt extrusion condition of industrial CA resin were established. Results: The plasticizer of overseas company's CA sheet measured by $^1H$-NMR was diethyl phthalate, and its content was measured 30 wt% by TGA. Also, industrial CA resin showed enough melting behavior in the range of 190~200$^{\circ}C$. Compared to overseas company's CA sheet's tensile strength value of 2.2~2.8 kgf/$mm^2$, industrial CA resin exhibited sufficient tensile strength value of 2.3 kgf/$mm^2$ for glasses frame. Conclusions: Industrial CA resin with 30 wt% plasticizer content would be a promising material for glasses frame prepared by melt extrusion to replace China CA sheet.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.964-968
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• 2002

Colon drug delivery is advantageous in the treatment of colonic disease and oral delivery of drugs unstable or suceptible to enzymatic degradation in upper GI tract. In this study, multilayer coated system that is resistant to gastric and small intestinal conditions but can be easily degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes was designed to achieve effective colon delivery of prednisolone. Variously coated tablets containing prednisolone were fabricated using chitosan and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as coating materials. Release aspects of prednisolone in simulated gastrointestinal fluid and rat colonic extracts (CERM) were investigated. Also, colonic bacterial degradation study of chitosan was performed in CERM. From these results, a three layer (CAP/Chitosan/CAP) coated system exhibited gastric and small intestinal resistance to the release of prednisolone in vitro most effectively. The rapid increase of prednisolone in CERM was revealed as due to the degradation of the chitosan membrane by bacterial enzymes. The designed system could be used potentially used as a carrier for colon delivery of prednisolone by regulating drug release in stomach and the small intestine.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Purpose: Cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) having different molecular weight at various mixing conditions to enhance melt-processibility of CA, which might prevent the harmful effect resulted from the introduction of phthalic plasticizer. Methods: To establish optimal plasticizing conditions, CA/PEG blends were examined under various plasticizing conditions: PEG concentration, molecular weight of PEG, and plasticzing temperature. Mechanical properties of the CA/PEG blends, as well as migration and exudation of the PEG, were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of plasticization. Results: Compared to industrial CA resin plasticized by diethyl phthalate, CA/PEG blends exhibited similar thermal plasticization. It was established that the optimum condition was to blend 30~40 phr PEG with molecular weight 400 at $175{\sim}180^{\circ}C$. CA/PEG blend showed superior glassness, PEG stability, and mechanical properties. Conclusions: CA/PEG blends would be a eco-friendly glasses frame to substitute traditional CA glasses frame prepared phthalate plasticizers.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

The study was carried out to develop useful formulation for omeprazole(OMP) through OMP-ethylendiamine complex(OMPED), and the pharmaceutical properties of formula were tested to find out the difference in vivo behaviors of formulations between the free and complexed OMP. Oral and suppository dosage forms were also formulated and the dissolution profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters were measured to observe the difference in bioavailability between the free and complex form, and the correlation between dissolution rate and bioavailability was evaluated. The results are summarized as follows; In the case of formulation for oral administration, the release of OMP from enteric OMPED pellets was found satisfactory to the requirement standard and no decomposition of OMP in the pellets was found in acidic solution. Therefore the enteric OMPED pellets are anticipated to be a stable formulation. The release of OMP from OMPED tablet with chitosan as excipient and coated with cellulose acetate phthalate was found to be significantly retarded. The results of bioavailability test for OMP and OMPED tablets with lactose-excipient showed that the AUC value of OMP tablet was $116.89\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml$, that of OMPED tablet was $161.10\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml$, respectively. The reason why was thought that OMP decomposes more readily in body than OMPED, and the AUC of the tablet with chitosan-excipient and coated with cellulose acetate phthalate was most enhanced. In the case of bioavailability for suppositories with OMP, $OMP-{\beta}\;-cyclodextrin$ complex and OMPED, the AUC of OMPED suppository was most increased. From the above results, it is thought that the more stable and bioavailable oral or rectal dosage forms could be developed by using the OMPED as a potential OMP complex.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

In this work, to develop soil inoculant which maintains stable viable cells and normalized quality, studies on micro-encapsulation with bacteria and yeast cells were performed by investigating materials and methods for micro-encapsulation as well as variation and stability of encapsulated cells. Preparation of capsule was conducted by application of extrusion system using micro-nozzle and peristaltic pump. K-carragenan and Na-alginate were selected as best carrier for gelation among K-carageenan, Na-alginate, locust bean gum, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), chitosan and gelatin tested. Comparing the gels prepared with Bacillus sp. KSIA-9 and carriers of 1.5% concentration, although viable cell of K-carragenan and Na-alginate was six times higher than those of other, Na-alginate was finally selected as carrier for gelation because it is seven times cheaper than K-carragenan. The gel of 1.5% Na-alginate was also observed to have the best morphology with circular hardness polymatrix and highest viable cell. When investigating the stability of encapsulated cells and the stabilizer effect, free cells were almost dead within 30 or 40 days whereas encapsulated cells decreased in 10% after 30 days and 15-30% even after 120 days. As stabilizer for maintaining viable cell, both 1% starch and zeolite appeared to possess the level of 70-80% cell for bacteria and yeast until after 120 days.