• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.716-723
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• 1995

The fucoidan purified from Korean brown seaweed, Ecklonia stolonifera was characterized on molecular structure and blood anticoagulant activities. Extraction was conducted at $100^{\circ}C$ with water and repeated twice. The crude fucodian was 151.1g out of 20.0 kg of Ecklonia stolonifera. The Fucoidan-1, which was purified from crude fucoidan using calcium chloride and cetyl pyridium chloride (CPC), was 35.2% against crude fucoidan. Fucoidan-5 was obtained approximately 28.1% from Fucoidan-1 through DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M ion-exchange column chromatography and showed one band by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The molecular weight of Fucoidan-5 was estimated to be about 21,000∼23,000 dalton by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography. Fucoidan-5 consists of 35.7% of fucose and 4.3% of galactose and the molar ratio of fucose and sulfate was about one to one. IR spectrum of Fucoidan-5 showed absorption at $1240\;cm^{-1}\;and\;850\;cm^{-1}$ and specific rotation value, $[\alpha]$, was $[\alpha]$. These results suggests that the sulfate maybe bind at $C_{4}$ carbon on ${\alpha}-L-fucose$. Gas chromatograph of methyl alditol acetate revealed that Fucoidan-5 is a fucose containing sulfated polysaccharide with $({\alpha}l-2)\;or\;({\alpha}l-2)$ glycosidic linkage. Anti-thrombin activity of the Fucoidan-5 was estimated as 1.4 time stronger than heparin. From above results, the purification methods using CPC and ion exchange chromatography is effective tools for obtaining highly purified fucoidan from Gompi, Ecklonia stolonifera.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.836-844
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• 2009

A denitrification bacterium was isolated from riverbed soil and identified as Ochrobactrum sp., whose specific enzymes for denitrification metabolism were biochemically assayed or confirmed with specific coding genes. The denitrification activity of strain G3-1 was proportional to glucose/nitrate balance, which was consistent with the theoretical balance (0.5). The modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red, which functions as a solid electron mediator, enhanced the electron transfer from electrode to bacterial cell. The porous carbon anode was coated with a ceramic membrane and cellulose acetate film in order to permit the penetration of water molecules from the catholyte to the outside through anode, which functions as an air anode. A non-compartmented electrochemical bioreactor (NCEB) comprised of a solid electron mediator and an air anode was employed for cultivation of G3-1 cells. The intact G3-1 cells were immobilized in the solid electron mediator, by which denitrification activity was greatly increased at the lower glucose/nitrate balance than the theoretical balance (0.5). Metabolic stability of the intact G3-1 cells immobilized in the solid electron mediator was extended to 20 days, even at a glucose/nitrate balance of 0.1.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.666-674
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• 2009

An electrochemical bioreactor (ECB) composed of a cathode compartment and an air anode was used in this study to characterize the ethanol fermentation of Zymomonas mobilis. The cathode and air anode were constructed of modified graphite felt with neutral red (NR) and a modified porous carbon plate with cellulose acetate and porous ceramic membrane, respectively. The air anode operates as a catalyst to generate protons and electrons from water. The growth and ethanol production of Z. mobilis were 50% higher in the ECB than were observed under anoxic nitrogen conditions. Ethanol production by growing cells and the crude enzyme of Z. mobilis were significantly lower under aerobic conditions than under other conditions. The growing cells and crude enzyme of Z. mobilis did not catalyze ethanol production from pyruvate and acetaldehyde. The membrane fraction of crude enzyme catalyzed ethanol production from glucose, but the soluble fraction did not. NADH was oxidized to $NAD^+$in association with $H_2O_2$reduction, via the catalysis of crude enzyme. Our results suggested that NADH/$NAD^+$balance may be a critical factor for ethanol production from glucose in the metabolism of Z. mobilis, and that the metabolic activity of both growing cells and crude enzyme for ethanol fermentation may be induced in the presence of glucose.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 1989

An acid-stable ${\alpha}-amylase$ produced by Aspergillus niger K-25 strain was purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ethacridine and acetone. The final preparation was homogeneous in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The enzyme retained 91 % of its oringinal activity at pH 3.0, 8.7% at pH 2.4. The optimum pH of the enzyme was around pH 4. The purified-enzyme with optimum temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ was more heat-stable than the commercial product. The enzyme retained 80% of its original activity when heated to $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes while the commercial amylase lost its acitivity completely within 30 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.405-413
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• 2020

Recycling of ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM]Ac) after the pretreatment of Salix gracilistyla Miq. was conducted and the effect of the recycling number on the enzymatic saccharification yield was investigated. Enzymatic saccharification was performed using an enzyme cocktail (Acremonium cellulase and Optimash BG) at 50 ℃ for 72 h. All recycled [EMIM]Ac samples showed a lower amount of water soluble fraction than pure [EMIM]Ac. On increasing the recycling number from 1 to 4, the amount of water soluble fraction decreased from 18% to 15%. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the products pretreated with recycled [EMIM]Ac showed cellulose I crystalline polymorph. The crystallinity of the product pretreated with recycled [EMIM]Ac was 47-49%, which was lower than 33% of that with pure [EMIM]Ac. The yields of glucose and xylose decreased in the pretreatment with recycled [EMIM]Ac compared to that with pure [EMIM]Ac.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Cigarette filters containing Brassica Rapa L. seeds of the dark brown and round shaped were evaluated to determine the effect of seed addition on filter degradability. The seeds with germination capability under the tar/nicotine condition in the preliminary test, were put into the active carbon part of the filter(12mm) during filter rod making by the kit. The $4{\pm}2$ pieces of the seeds were put into the opened fiber bundle of the filter tow. In order to test the germination rate of the seeds, seed filters were placed either in a petri dish or test-pot in a conditioned area ($25^{\circ}C$, 70 % RH). The seed filters were placed outdoors exposed to natural conditions with the periodic water supply. The seeds in the smoked filters showed 90 % germination rate after a month under the open air condition. No significant differences in the sensory evaluation and analysis were obtained when the control sample was compared to the same cigarettes with the seeds.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2018

The negative effects on ecosystem are getting serious due to the increase of particulate matters (PM) in the air by the increase of the number of population and the industrial activities. Thus, there have been a lot of environmental policies and researches of air purification system and filter mask to relieve the environmental problem. In this research, activated carbon impregnated cellulose acetate fiber filters produced using an electrospinning technique are studied for air purification. NaCl aqueous solution was used to generate PM and the humid air with NaCl PM was dried using a dehumidifier for the filter performance test. Filtration efficiency was increased with the increase of activated carbons, and acetone adsorption capacity was enhanced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1398-1402
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• 2002

Hu sheep was sampled randomly from Huzhou city, Zhejiang province, China. Of the 11 genetic markers from the blood examined by starch-gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis, polymorphisms in Hu sheep were found for 10 loci, i.e. post-albumin (Po), transferring (Tf), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), arylesterase (Ary-Es), hemoglobin-$\beta$ (Hb-$\beta$)、Xprotein(X-p), carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase (Cat) and lysine (Ly). The same data except for Po locus were collected from another 14 sheep breeds from China and other countries, in order to ascertain their genetic relationships with one another and with the Hu sheep. The sheep populations from the east and south of Central Asia can be classified into three genetic groups: 'Mongolian sheep', 'South Asian sheep' and 'European sheep'. The Hu sheep belong to the 'Mongolian sheep' group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1998

The semi-volatile fraction of cigarette mainstream smoke contains the most important aroma and taste that enhance smoke flavor. The components in mainstream smoke were analysed for commercially available cigarettes. To compare the semi-volatile components delivered from mainstream smoke of domestic cigarette with imported cigarette, we analyzed three types of filter cigarettes such as cellulose acetate mono filter, carbon dual filter and slim filter cigarette. Mainstream smoke was collected with a combination of Cambridge filter pad and liquid trap containing a small amount of acetone cooled by dry ice-methanol. We have identified 43 components from mainstream smoke by GC and GC/MS and found that benzene, toluene, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, acetic acids nicotine and triacetin were the main peaks in mainstream smoke. Also we have compared the relative amounts of semi-volatile compounds delivered from the domestic and imported cigarettes with three different filters. From the results of this study, the relative amounts of limonene, acetic acid, 5-methyl-Lfuraldehyde delivered from the imported cigarettes were generally higher than those of the domestic one's.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 2003

The locomotor responses of human peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured by the change from spherical to polarized shapes in the presence of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of enteric pathogens: S. dysenteriae type 1, V. cholerae Inaba 569B, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae. We reported earlier that these endotoxins are chemotactic factors for the neutrophils since they stimulated cell polarization within a few minutes of incubation. Endotoxins had an inhibitory effect upon neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized yeast and the cells engulfed fewer yeasts. Interestingly, endotoxins increased neutrophil adhesion to clean glass surfaces, but stimulated the cells to exhibit increased random locomotion (chemokinesis) through cellulose nitrate filters and show an enhanced ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye. Unlike neutrophils, lymphocytes direct from blood do not show polarized morphology towards chemotactic factors but the cells acquire locomotor capacity during 24-72 h culture with mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol myristate acetate or concanavalin A. Stimulation of blood lymphocytes with endotoxins did not induce cell polarization in short-term but long-term culture resulted in an increase in the proportion of polarized cells that acquired locomotor morphologies. The majority of these cells were identified as esterase negative B-lymphocytes that migrated through filters. Despite the optimum time of incubation for each of these cell types being different, we found that lymphocytes respond to much lower concentrations of endotoxins than the neutrophils. These findings suggest that endotoxins of enteric pathogens modulate the functions of human blood neutrophils and lymphocytes.